Effect of Cristobalite and Quartz on the Properties of Gypsum Bonded Investment

Generally the gold investment material consists of cristobalite,quartz and plaster.The physical property of gold investment materials depends on its thermal expansion coefficients,compressive strength,and particles size distribution.Since the thermal expansion coefficient of cristobalite and quartz are 2.6×10^-6/℃and 2.32×10^-6/℃respectively,the composition ratio of each components influence the thermal and physical properties of gold investment materials.For the clinical applications,it is necessary to improve the properties of gold investment materials such as homogeneous size distribution and thermal expansion coefficients.In the present study,effect of inorganic fillers such as cristobalite and quartz on gold alloy investment was investigated to improve the properties of it.The compressive strength and thermal expansion coefficients of the specimens were evaluated.The results showed that cristobalite and quartz were homogeneously distributed by milling. The optimum compressive strength was obtained at the ratio of 42：22 cristobalite and quartz,respectively.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF OZONIZED HDPE FILLED WITH SERICITE-TRIDYMITE-CRISTOBALITE

The mechanical properties of ozonized high density polyethylene(HDPE)blended with sericite-tridymite-cristobalite(STC)were studied in this paper.The experimental results show that some oxygen containing polar groups areintroduced on the molecular chain of HDPE through ozonization,the compatibility between HDPE and STC is thusimproved,the mechanical properties of the blend are markedly enhanced.Compared with untreated HDPE/STC(60/40)blend,the yield strength and notched impact strength of ozonized HDPE/STC(60/40)blend are increased from 27.0 MPa to29.5 MPa and from 2.8 kJ/m^2 to 13.3 kJ/m^2,respectively,the notched impact strength is close to that of HDPE(13.6 kJ/m^2),the yield strength is in excess of 3.9 MPa of that of HDPE.The yield strength and notched impact strength will be furtherincreased to 30.7 MPa and 32.4 kJ/m^2 in case the ozonized HDPE is blended with STC pretreated with silane coupling agent.

A STUDY ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF γ-RAY IRRADIATED HDPE FILLED WITH SERICITE-TRIDYMITE-CRISTOBALITE

The effect of γ-ray irradiation on the mechanical properties of high densitypolyethylene(HDPE) filled with sericite-tridymite-cristobalite(STC) was studied. The ex-perimental results show that γ-ray irradiation can improve the affinity between HDPE andSTC, and the dispersion of STC in HDPE matrix. Compared with HDPE/STC (80/20)blend, the yield stress and impact strength of irradiated HDPE (10kGy)/STC (80/20) blendare increased from 22.8 MPa and 70J/m to 28.5 MPa and 144J/m. The yield stress andimpact strength of HDPE/irradiated HDPE/STC (48/32/20) are 27.8MPa and 210J/m,respectively.

废弃熔融石英玻璃高温晶化为方石英的过程研究

高纯熔融石英玻璃当前被广泛应用于高新产业中,但是在使用过程中,由于析晶、软化变形等情况导致高纯熔融石英玻璃产品不能继续使用.本文在对废弃熔融石英玻璃的物相、杂质、气泡等分析的基础上,采用高温物相转化将废弃熔融石英玻璃转化为方石英,讨论了煅烧温度、保温时间、粒径三个影响因素,通过Jade软件计算了高温物相转化产物的晶相含量占比.结果表明,废弃熔融石英玻璃经过高温焙烧处理后转化为方石英相,并且方石英的含量主要受煅烧温度、保温时间和颗粒粒径的影响,随着煅烧温度升高和保温时间的延长,颗粒粒径越小,方石英的含量也逐渐增加.从1230℃开始,废弃熔融石英玻璃开始成核结晶,在1480℃进入一个快速结晶期,在1500℃可完全转化为方石英相.

Effects of Alumina on Cristobalite Crystallization and Properties of Silica-Based Ceramic Cores

In this work, the influences of alumina addition on cristobalite crystallization and properties of injec- tion molded silica-based ceramic cores were investigated. X-ray diffraction （XRD） was used to characterize phase transformations in the samples, and the XRD result indicated that the addition of alumina pro- moted crystallization of fused silica during sintering at 1180-1220 ℃ and thus increases the amount of cristobalite. The increased amount of cristobalite as well as alumina addition led to much more thermal dilation due to their higher coefficients of thermal expansion than that of fused silica. The flexural strengths at room temperature and 1500 ~C were tested, and it was shown that alumina addition could not affect room temperature strength, but decreased the flexural strength at 1500 ℃. In addition, deflection resis- tance during heating to high temperatures was investigated, and the result indicated that alumina addition speeded up high temperature softening of the samples. XRD and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry （SEMJEDS） analysis suggested that this softening behavior was related with viscous flow sintering which could be accelerated by the reaction of alumina and silica with a product of mullite.

焦炉炭化室用后硅砖的分析研究

为了解焦炉炭化室硅砖在使用中的损毁机制,对使用了40多年的JN43型侧喷式焦炉炭化室的硅砖进行取样分析,对样品的外观、理化性能、物相组成、显微结构等进行了分析研究。分析发现:1)用后的焦炉炭化室上、中、下3个不同部位的硅砖从炭化室到燃烧室方向,都形成了颜色、质地显著不同的层带;2)煤中的焦油组分对炉墙砖产生了很强的渗透作用,而煤中氧化物组分对炉墙砖的渗透轻微;3)炉墙在高温作用下发生烧结,体积总体呈收缩趋势;4)炉墙燃烧室侧约1/3炉墙厚度内的砖中方石英和石英相消失,鳞石英晶粒显著长大,较多开口气孔变成了闭气孔,线膨胀率降低;5)炉墙靠炭化室侧约1/2炉墙内石英和方石英部分鳞石英化,造成该区域线膨胀率降低。

Recycling of Cristobalite Powder in Casting Mould

Cristobalite SiO2 can be obtained from the fused silica ceramic waste of ploysilicon plant, due to the phase conversion of fused silica to cristobalite during the process of polysilicon ingot. Cristobalite powder materials with high purity are manufactured by milling the discarded waste above. Thermal expansion rate of the cristobalite and gypsum bonding moulds were studied, which show that the thermal expansion of the cristobalite phase transition could effectively compensate for the shrinkage of the gypsum at the temperature between 200 ℃ and 400 ℃. Casting experiments with copper alloy show that the cristobalite can improve the thermal performance of moulds for precise casting of jewelry.

Preparation of Cristobalite and It’s Thermal Characteristics

The thermal characteristic of cristobalite plays an important role in the application of casting industry. Because the phase transition of silica glass and cristobalite has low volume change, the block cristobalite had been manufactured by calcining fused silica ceramic, the XRD, SEM and thermal characteristics of the cristobalite had been tested. The result shows the formation of porous structure in the block cristobalite, and thermal expansion rate of the phase transition of β/αcristobalite reaches 1.5% at the temperature range of 250-290 ℃.

典型石英族矿物表面差异性对其吸附重金属的影响

矿物表面微结构及其性质是矿物表界面作用的关键制约因素,控制着重金属元素在表生地球化学环境中迁移和归趋。本文对比了典型石英族矿物(α-石英、α-方石英)对Cu^(2+)、Pb^(2+)、Zn^(2+)、Co^(2+)等重金属离子的吸附特征和规律,通过等温滴定量热技术分析了2种矿物吸附这4种离子的热力学特征,并结合EPR谱初步分析了Cu^(2+)和Co^(2+)在2种不同矿物表面上的吸附机制和差异。结果表明:(1)α-石英、α-方石英对4种重金属离子有明显的选择性吸附,且对Cu^(2+)和Pb^(2+)的吸附能力明显大于Zn^(2+)和Co^(2+)。离子吸附量与矿物表面羟基位密度呈正相关关系,因此,α-石英的单位面积吸附量均大于α-方石英;(2)α-石英、α-方石英吸附Cu^(2+)、Pb^(2+)、Zn^(2+)为吸热反应,且α-石英的反应焓变值大于α-方石英。α-石英、α-方石英吸附Co^(2+)为放热反应,可能与重金属离子在其表面形成产物的结构不同有关;(3)α-石英、α-方石英与Cu^(2+)发生配位,主要生成了内层配合物(g=2.08)。α-石英吸附Co^(2+)产物中存在属于Co(Ⅱ)的产物信号峰,而在α-方石英中无较明显此峰,表明Co^(2+)在α-方石英表面可能形成了其他局部微观结构,并不以简单的配位吸附Co(Ⅱ)的形式存在,但需进一步验证。本研究进一步明确了石英族矿物表面微结构和性质差异对其吸附重金属的影响。

二维剥片去除方石英制备高纯蒙脱石的研究

高纯蒙脱石的制备是膨润土高值化应用的关键,伴生方石英的去除一直是高纯蒙脱石制备的难题。本试验从膨润土工艺矿物学出发,针对难去除微细粒方石英提出了钠化-二维剥片-离心提纯工艺,并与钠化-离心提纯工艺进行对比。结果表明,方石英主要赋存在微细粒级中,去除难度大。钠化-二维剥片-离心提纯工艺利用了二维蒙脱石优异的分散稳定性,可完全去除蒙脱石中方石英。与常规钠化-离心提纯工艺相比,新工艺对方石英去除效果好,产率提升2倍,提纯产率可达55.2%。二维剥片提纯新工艺不仅对高纯蒙脱石的制备具有重要指导意义,而且有助于推动蒙脱石高值化应用,具有很好的工业应用潜力。

四元矿化剂对硅砖微观形貌及物理性能的影响

以两种不同粒径的石英砂为原料,石灰乳和纸浆废液为结合剂,经1430℃高温烧成制备硅砖,研究复合矿化剂及保温时间对硅砖物相组成、显微结构及主要物理性能的影响规律。研究结果表明,经1430℃保温10 h后,烧成试样由鳞石英、方石英及少量残余石英组成。添加铁鳞粉-CaO-MnO_(2)-SiC或铁鳞粉-CaO-MnO_(2)-TiO_(2)四元矿化剂时,硅砖中典型的骨料-基质耐火材料结构消失,并逐步出现“均质化”效应。当矿化剂为铁鳞粉-CaO-MnO_(2)-TiO_(2)时,经1430℃保温10 h后,烧成试样具有较好的综合性能,其体积密度、显气孔率及常温耐压强度分别约为(1.93±0.01)g·cm^(-3)、(14.9±0.1)%及(55.05±0.64)MPa。在最佳矿化剂组分及烧成制度基础上,延长保温时间至15或20 h时,材料中残余石英含量降低,但鳞石英含量增大,导致体积膨胀效应增强,使材料的物理性能受损。

辽宁葫芦岛膨润土特性

葫芦岛市位于锦西-哈尔套膨润土成矿带的最南端,为探究葫芦岛膨润土的特性,对葫芦岛的6个膨润土矿进行了研究,通过测定试样的膨胀容、亚甲基蓝吸收量、阳离子交换容量和X射线衍射分析,对葫芦岛膨润土的表观特性、矿物组成、膨胀性能和阳离子交换性等性能进行了评价和表征。研究表明:葫芦岛膨润土矿均为钙基膨润土矿,总体质量较好,大部分膨润土的粒度均匀、自然白度较高,蒙脱石平均含量接近或高于70%。葫芦岛膨润土矿的石英、长石、方解石是主要脉石矿物,矿物组成比较简单,阳离子交换性能较好,在辽西地区膨润土矿中处于中上等地位,具有较强的代表性。然而,辽西膨润土普遍含有方石英,限制了产品的应用范围。

硅酸铝纤维对氧化硅陶瓷型芯性能的影响

以石英玻璃粉为原料,添加不同含量的硅酸铝纤维,通过热压注成形法制备出不同硅酸铝纤维含量的氧化硅陶瓷型芯试样,探究了不同硅酸铝纤维含量对氧化硅陶瓷型芯析晶和性能的影响规律。结果说明:随着硅酸铝纤维含量的增加,型芯试样的收缩率逐渐减小,气孔率逐渐增大,方石英含量逐渐增多,而体积密度基本不变;试样的室温和高温抗弯强度随着纤维含量的增加先增大后减小,高温挠度逐渐减小。当硅酸铝纤维含量为3wt.%时,型芯的综合性能最佳,收缩率为1.0%、气孔率为29.23%、体积密度为1.62 g/cm3、室温抗弯强度为23.36 MPa、高温抗弯强度为31.39 MPa以及高温挠度为0.69 mm。综上所述,硅酸铝纤维的加入不仅显著降低了氧化硅陶瓷型芯的收缩,还有效改善了其室温、高温抗弯强度以及高温抗蠕变性能。

吉林长白山硅藻土的红外光谱研究

对长白山硅藻土在 10 0～ 1330℃温度范围进行热处理并开展红外光谱研究 ,结果表明经 5 0 0℃热处理样品开始出现 374 5cm- 1 峰 ,在 90 0℃达到最大 ,12 0 0℃消失 ,此时硅藻土转变成方石英。对 374 5cm- 1 峰所反映的以孤立Si—OH形式存在的水的含量进行了半定量计算 ,表明这种OH除存在于样品表面外 ,还存在于内部的结构缺陷处 。

方石英的析晶与无定形化

石英是一种重要的结构和功能材料,在航天飞行器、半导体、电子通讯和光学器件等领域得到重要应用,但是高温下方石英的析晶限制了它的进一步应用.本文综述了不同研究人员对不同形态石英与石英基复合材料析晶行为及其差异的研究成果和所持的不同观点,再从"表面析晶"的角度分别对不同形态石英析品行为的差异性与不同工艺因素对石英基复合材料的影响机制进行了系统阐述.最后,结合作者的工作,进一步介绍了方石英无定形化方面的最新研究成果.

叶蜡石加热相变及其演化特征

通过对叶蜡石20～1 300℃热处理产物进行系统的差热分析、X射线衍射分析和红外光谱分析等的研究,发现叶蜡石加热相变过程具有明显的阶段性.根据主要物相及其变化和组合特征,可以将叶蜡石的加热相变过程分为4个阶段,即叶蜡石阶段(室温～660℃)、偏叶蜡石阶段(660～1 100℃)、不定形SiO2 与莫来石形成阶段(1 100～1 200℃)、莫来石与方石英共存阶段(≥1 300℃).

长白山硅藻土热处理相变及方英石形成机制探讨

在常温到1250℃温度范围对吉林长白山硅藻土和非晶态SiO2进行热处理,并对热处理后的样品进行红外光谱和X射线衍射测试,结果表明长白山硅藻土在1100℃开始转变成方英石,非晶态SiO2在1200℃开始形成方英石,它们的转变温度均处于鳞石英的热力学稳定区。方英石这种热力学亚稳态形成机制与硅藻土和非晶态SiO2的中程有序结构与方英石结构类似有关,这种结构相似性有利于降低了方英石成核所需的活化能从而有利于方英石成核作用的发生,因而在硅藻土(非晶态SiO2)→方英石→鳞石英的系列转变反应中,硅藻土→方英石的反应占主导,而在相应的温度条件下,方英石→鳞石英的相变几乎是被禁止的。长白山硅藻土与非晶态SiO2转变成方英石存在大约100℃的温度差异,主要与硅藻土独特的结构缺陷及Na、Al等杂质元素存在有关。高温下Si OH基团的脱水反应使硅藻土结构中以OH-形式存在的非桥氧变成桥氧,原来的结构缺陷消失,有利于降低方英石的形成温度;而Na、K、Ca、Fe等杂质元素与SiO2形成多组份体系,导致SiO2结晶温度降低,它们强的扩散特性,还有利于提高孤立Si OH基团的脱失速率和缺陷迁移速率,并增加方英石的稳定性。

MoSi_2高温氧化层的微观结构

采用SEM,TEM和XRD方法研究了MoSi2在1200-1600℃的氧化层微观结构.在1240℃下,氧化层由SiO2和其它氧化物混合而成,致密度较差,1240-1520℃区间氧化层表面存在针状、扇状或羽状的低温石英,氧化层较薄.在1520℃以上,氧化层中含有块状、粒状或蜂巢状的方石英.氧化层致密而均匀.

α-石英方石英转变的研究

以SiO2含量高达98.2%的石英砂为原料,应用综合热分析仪分析了石英砂的方石英析出过程,采用X射线衍射仪对试样进行成分分析,利用万能材料试验机对烧结后试样进行强度测试。实验发现:DSC曲线中未出现明显的方石英析出放热峰。XRD测试表明,石英砂热处理后,产物中出现方石英相,随着温度的提高、保温时间的增加,方石英量不断增加。强度测试表明试样在1400℃热处理后耐压强度最高。