Brief Analysis,Method and Criteria of Technical Translation

In this essay,I will analyse the characteristics of technical texts,the methods for translation based on the former stage of research,criteria for a better translation,and critiques in between.Also,the essay will explore the limitations of Peter Newmark's theory of technical translation and the whole aspect of translation.

A multi-criteria decision-making approach for comparing sample preservation and DNA extraction methods from swine feces

Molecular microbiological methods, such as competetive PCR, real-time PCR, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and large-scale parallel-pyrosequencing, require the extraction of sufficient quantity of high quality DNA from microbiologically and chemically complex matrices. Due to difficulties in the field to standardize/select the optimum DNA preservation-extraction methods in view of laboratories differences, this article attempts to present a straight-forward mathematical framework for comparing some of the most commonly used methods. To this end, as a case study, the problem of selecting an optimum sample preservation-DNA extraction strategy for obtaining total bacterial DNA from swine feces was considered. Two sample preservation methods (liquid nitrogen and RNAlater?) and seven extraction techniques were paired and compared under six quantitative DNA analysis criteria: yield of extraction, purity of extracted DNA (A260/280 and A 260/230 ratios), duration of extraction, degradation degree of DNA, and cost. From a practical point of view, it is unlikely that a single sample preservation-DNA extraction strategy can be optimum for all selected criteria. Hence, a systematic multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach was used to compare the methods. As a result, the ZR Fecal DNA MiniPrepTM DNA extraction kit for samples preserved either with liquid nitrogen or RNAlater? were identified as potential optimum solutions for obtaining total bacterial DNA from swine feces. Considering the need for practicality for in situ applications, we would recommend liquid nitrogen as sample preservation method, along with the ZR Fecal DNA MiniPrepTM kit. Total bacterial DNA obtained by this strategy can be suitable for downstream PCR-based DNA analyses of swine feces.

Study of A Multi-criteria Evaluation Methodology for Nuclear Fuel Cycle System Based on Sustainability

This paper presents a multi-criteria evaluation methodology for nuclear fuel cycle options in terms of energy sustainability. Starting from the general sustainability concept and the public acceptance questionnaire, a set of indicators reflecting specific criteria for the evaluation of nuclear fuel cycle options are defined. Particular attention is devoted to the resource utility efficiency, environmental effect, human health hazard and economic effect, which represent the different concerns of different stakeholders. This methodology also integrated a special mathematic processing approach, namely the Extentics Evaluation Method, which quantifies the human being subjective perception to provide the intuitionistic judgement and comparison for different options. The once-through option and reprocessing option of nuclear fuel cycle are examined by using the proposed methodology. The assessment process and result can give us some guidance in nuclear fuel cycle evaluation under the constraint of limited data.

Dynamic programming methodology for multi-criteria group decision-making under ordinal preferences

A method of minimizing rankings inconsistency is proposed for a decision-making problem with rankings of alternatives given by multiple decision makers according to multiple criteria. For each criteria, at first, the total inconsistency between the rankings of all alternatives for the group and the ones for every decision maker is defined after the decision maker weights in respect to the criteria are considered. Similarly, the total inconsistency between their final rankings for the group and the ones under every criteria is determined after the criteria weights are taken into account. Then two nonlinear integer programming models minimizing respectively the two total inconsistencies above are developed and then transformed to two dynamic programming models to obtain separately the rankings of all alternatives for the group with respect to each criteria and their final rankings. A supplier selection case illustrated the proposed method, and some discussions on the results verified its effectiveness. This work develops a new measurement of ordinal preferences’ inconsistency in multi-criteria group decision-making （MCGDM） and extends the cook-seiford social selection function to MCGDM considering weights of criteria and decision makers and can obtain unique ranking result.

An Evolutionary Algorithm Coupled to an Outranking Method for the Multicriteria Shortest Paths Problem

In this article, we are interested in solving a combinatorial optimization problem, the shortest path problem in a multi-attribute graph, by the out-ranking methods. A multi-attribute graph has simultaneously qualitative and quantitative criteria. This situation gives rise to incomparable paths thus forming the Pareto front. Outranking methods in Multi-criteria Decision Making (MCDM) are the only methods that can take into account this situation (incomparability of actions). After presenting the categories of Multi-criteria Decision Making (MCDM) and the difficulties related to the problems of the shortest paths, we propose an evolutionary algorithm based on the outranking methods to solve the problem of finding “best” paths in a multi-attribute graph with non-additive criteria. Our approach is based on the exploration of induced subgraphs of the outranking graph. Properties have been established to serve as algorithmic basis. Numerical experiments have been carried out and the results presented in this article.

基于云模型的地铁站点与常规公交衔接换乘评价

为了识别地铁站点与常规公交线路衔接换乘存在的换乘效率低等问题,提高城市公共交通系统运行效率和服务水平,促进城市公共交通可持续发展以及响应公众需求和监督,需要对地铁站点与常规公交衔接换乘进行全面系统评价.基于便利性、可靠性、可达性、通畅性及舒适度等5个维度15个指标,建立地铁站点与常规公交的衔接换乘评价指标体系;选取CRITIC(criteria importance through inter-criteria correlation)方法对指标进行客观赋权,采用云模型生成基于基本算法的评价标准云和结果云,评价结果通过云的数字特征和云图直观展现,进而对识别出的问题和不足采取相应改进措施.以中国青岛市主城区45个地铁站点与常规公交衔接换乘为案例进行评价,结果表明,衔接换乘综合评价等级为“中等”,准则层(便利性、可靠性、可达性、通畅性和舒适度)的衔接换乘评价等级均为“中等”以上,基本符合青岛市主城区地铁站点与常规公交衔接换乘的特点,验证了评价模型的有效性和合理性.评价结果有助于优化公共交通资源配置,提高城市交通系统的整体运行效率,缓解城市交通拥堵.

考虑碳排放的铁路路基施工机群配置优化

铁路路基施工机群配置关系施工工期,会直接产生施工成本,对生态环境造成重要影响,进而产生较高碳排放量。首先,考虑铁路路基施工工期、施工成本、施工绿色指数及碳排放等目标,建立铁路路基施工机群配置优化模型。其中,将施工机群配置优化模型中各优化目标作为一级指标建立机群配置多目标决策偏好评价指标体系,并将组合数有序加权算子(Combination Ordered Weighted Averaging,C-OWA)法与基于指标间相关性分析的权重确定(Criteria Importance Though Intercriteria Correlation,CRITIC)法结合对指标进行组合赋权。其次,采用基于莱维飞行机制的量子粒子群优化(Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization,QPSO)算法求解该施工机群配置优化模型。最后,以某铁路路基工程某标段为例进行实证分析。结果显示,多目标优化方案较原方案工期提前75 d,成本降低203.257万元,绿色指数提升5.250%,碳排放量降低1.305 t。研究结果可为铁路路基施工机群配置优化提供新思路。

局部减薄直管双判据安全评定方法

研究局部减薄直管在内压、轴向力、扭矩和弯矩联合作用下的安全评定新方法。推导了减薄直管在内压、轴向力和扭矩联合作用下的环向应力、轴向应力和切应力的简便计算公式。采用塑性失效理论,对规则化减薄直管建立了极限弯矩计算方法。采用Mises当量应力,建立了规则化减薄直管在内压、轴向力和扭矩联合作用下的强度判据。利用规则化减薄直管在内压、轴向力和扭矩联合作用下的强度条件和极限弯矩载荷,提出了管道安全评定的双判据准则,建立了规则化减薄直管在内压、轴向力、扭矩和弯矩联合作用下的双判据安全评定方法。

基于多属性决策的一阶逻辑子句选择方法

基于一阶逻辑的自动定理证明器(ATP)在知识表达和自动推理研究中占据重要地位,而启发式策略则是提升ATP性能的关键研究方向.主流的启发式策略通常通过描述子句属性来确定属性优先级,从而选择子句,但属性优先级受人为因素影响,且评估子句耗时较长.为此,本文基于矛盾体分离(S-CS)规则,提出一种新的多属性决策(MCDM)子句评估方法.首先,利用熵权法对子句属性进行客观赋权;其次,结合偏好顺序结构评估法(PROMETHEEⅡ)对子句进行评估,得到子句的完全排序;最后,将提出的MCDM方法加入自动定理证明器CSE 1.5(contradiction separation extension 1.5)、Vampire 4.7和Eprover(E 2.6)中,分别形成新的证明器MCDM_CSE、MCDM_V和MCDM_E.对MCDM_CSE测试了国际定理证明器问题库TPTP(Thousands of Problems for Theorem Provers)中一阶逻辑格式的定理,并对MCDM_V和MCDM_E测试了2022年CADE(Conference on Automated Deduction)竞赛例(一阶逻辑组).实验表明:MCDM_CSE比CSE 1.5多证明了151个定理(来自TPTP),并且能够证明Vampire 4.7无法证明的5个定理、E 2.6无法证明的41个定理以及Prover9无法证明的293个定理;在更短的平均时间内,MCDM_V比Vampire 4.7多证明了6个定理(来自CADE 2022),MCDM_E比E 2.6多证明了8个定理.

人工智能时代下大学生学习评价研究

随着人工智能与教育的深度融合,教育教学模式发生了转向,为教育带来了更多的可能性和机遇,同时也深刻影响了大学生的日常学习生活。设计了一份调查问卷,来深入了解人工智能对大学生学习的影响情况,通过频数分析揭示了不同性格类型大学生在学习过程中接受与应用人工智能技术的偏好和倾向性,以及当代大学生对人工智能的使用要求。在构建人工智能影响大学生学习指标评价体系的基础上,进一步构建了基于Pearson相关性分析和熵权法的人工智能影响大学生学习指标评价模型,更全面、深入地分析了人工智能对大学生学习的影响。该模型有效获取了数据的隐含价值,并得出人工智能在大学生学习中发挥了积极和全面作用的结论。此外,研究成果对于推动人工智能与教育的进一步发展具有重要意义。本文揭示了人工智能在不同侧面对大学生学习的影响情况,并提出了有效的评价模型,为未来研究提供了参考和借鉴。

基于加权TOPSIS法的舒肝宁注射液临床合理用药评价标准建立与应用

目的提高舒肝宁注射液的临床合理用药水平。方法以舒肝宁注射液的药品说明书为基础,根据医院舒肝宁注射液的实际应用情况、专家共识、相关药物指导原则等制订其药物利用评价(DUE)标准。选取医院信息系统(HIS)中2022年1月至2023年6月使用舒肝宁注射液治疗患者的病历135份,采用加权优劣解距离(TOPSIS)法根据制订的DUE标准评价其用药合理性。结果共制订包括舒肝宁注射液适应证、用法用量、溶剂、配伍禁忌、禁忌证、联合用药、疗程、临床疗效评价、药品不良反应(ADR)监测与处理、用药监护、医师权限指标11项评价指标的DUE标准,计算结果满足一致性检验,且权重值分别为9.434%,17.925%,13.208%,6.604%,7.547%,7.547%,4.717%,8.491%,12.264%,6.604%,5.660%。135份病历中,评价指标的相对接受程度(Ci)为0.477~1.000,Ci≥80%的有100份(74.07%),60%≤Ci<80%的有18份(13.33%),Ci<60%的有17份(12.59%),用药不合理主要体现在用法用量(14.07%)、溶剂(10.37%)、ADR监测与处理(9.63%)。结论加权TOPSIS法可评价舒肝宁注射液的合理用药情况,便于指导临床合理用药。

Screening Methods for Waterlogging Tolerance at Maize (Zea mays L.) Seedling Stage

Waterlogging strongly affects agronomic performance of maize （Zea mays L.）. In order to investigate the suitable selection criteria of waterflooding tolerant genotypes, and identify the most susceptible stage and the best continuous treatment time to waterlogging, 20 common maize inbred lines were subjected to successive artificial waterflooding at seedling stage, and waterlogging tolerance coefficient （WTC） was used to screen waterflooding tolerant genotypes. In addition, peroxidase （POD） activities and malondialdehyde （MDA） contents were measured for 6 of 20 lines. The results showed that the second leaf stage （V2） was the most susceptible stage, and 6 d after waterflooding was the best continuous treatment time. Dry weight （DW） of both shoots and roots of all lines were significantly reduced at 6 d time-point of waterlogging, compared to control. POD activities and MDA contents were negatively and significantly correlated, and the correlation coefficient was -0.9686 （P 〈 0.0001）. According to the results, WTC of shoot DW can be used for practical screening as a suitable index, which is significantly different from control and waterlogged plants happened 6 d earlier. Furthermore, leaf chlorosis, MDA content and POD activities could also be used as reference index for material screening. The implications of the results for waterlogging-tolerant material screening and waterlogging-tolerant breeding have been discussed in maize.

Optimum mining method selection using fuzzy analytical hierarchy process–Qapiliq salt mine,Iran

Mining method selection is the first and the most critical problem in mine design and depends on some parameters such as geotechnical and geological features and economic and geographic factors. In this paper, the factors affecting mining method selection are determined. These factors include shape, thick- ness, depth, slope, RMR and RSS of the orebody, RMR and RSS of the hanging wall and footwall. Then, the priorities of these factors are calculated. In order to calculate the priorities of factors and select the best mining method for Qapiliq salt mine, Iran, based on these priorities, fuzzy analytical hierarchy process （AHP） technique is used. For this purpose, a questionnaire was prepared and was given to the associated experts. Finally, after a comparison carried out based on the effective factors, between the four mining methods including area mining, room and pillar, cut and fill and stope and pillar methods, the stope and nillar mining method was selected as the most suitable method to this mine.

Optimal control approach to stability criteria on Hill's equations

This paper gives a tutorial on how to prove Lyapunov type criteria by optimal control methods. Firstly, we consider stability criteria on Hill’s equations with nonnegative potential. By optimal control methods developed in 1990s, we obtain several stability criteria including Lyapunov’s criterion, Neǐgauz and Lidskiǐ’s criterion. Secondly, we present stability criteria on Hill’s equations with sign-changing potential in which Brog’s criterion and Krein’s criterion are included.

煤岩气:概念、内涵与分类标准

近年来,准噶尔、鄂尔多斯等盆地深层煤岩储层中的天然气勘探开发取得重大突破。针对目前工业界和学术界对这种新类型非常规天然气表述不一致的现状,在前人研究的基础上定义了“煤岩气”概念,并系统对比剖析其赋存状态、运储形式、差异聚集和开发规律。在地质上,煤岩气不同于传统意义上的煤层气,具有游离气与吸附气并存、富含游离气,自生自储-微距运移并可有他源的聚集,煤岩割理裂缝发育、游离气差异富集等特点,埋深超过2000m的深层煤岩气具有“高压力、高温度、高含气、高饱和、高游离”的“5高”地质特征;在开发上,与页岩气、致密气特征相似,人工改善储层连通性后,无需排水降压,高势能游离气弹性驱动产出、压降后吸附气解吸接替,可依靠地层自然能量开采,游离气与吸附气连续接力长周期产气。按照埋深、煤阶、压力系数、储量规模、储量丰度和气井产量等,提出了煤岩气的分类标准和资源/储量估算方法。初步估算埋深超过2 000 m的中国煤岩气地质资源量超过30×1012m3,是国家重要的战略资源。提出鄂尔多斯、四川、准噶尔和渤海湾等盆地是煤岩气的规模富集有利区,梳理了技术与管理挑战并指出攻关方向,为中国煤岩气管理与勘探开发奠定理论、评价和生产实践基础。

Multiple Criteria Analysis for Energy Storage Selection

In view of the current and predictable energy shortage and environmental concerns, the exploitation of renewable energy sources offers great potential to meet increasing energy demands and to decrease depend- ence on fossil fuels. However, introducing these sources will be more attractive provided they operate in conjunction with energy storage systems (ESS). Furthermore, effective energy storage management is essential to achieve a balance between power quality, efficiency, costs and environmental constraints. This paper presents a method based on the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy multi-rules and multi-sets. By exploiting a multiple criteria analysis, the proposed methods evaluate the operation of storage energy systems such as: pumped hydro and compressed air energy storage, H2, flywheel, super-capacitors and lithium-ion storage as well as NaS advanced batteries and VRB flow battery. The main objective of the study is to find the most appropriate ESS consistent with a power quality priority. Several parameters are used for the investigation: efficiency, load management, technical maturity, costs, environmental impact and power quality.

Application of strength reduction method to dynamic anti-sliding stability analysis of high gravity dam with complex dam foundation

Considering that there are some limitations in analyzing the anti-sliding seismic stability of dam-foundation systems with the traditional pseudo-static method and response spectrum method, the dynamic strength reduction method was used to study the deep anti-sliding stability of a high gravity dam with a complex dam foundation in response to strong earthquake-induced ground action. Based on static anti-sliding stability analysis of the dam foundation undertaken by decreasing the shear strength parameters of the rock mass in equal proportion, the seismic time history analysis was carried out. The proposed instability criterion for the dynamic strength reduction method was that the peak values of dynamic displacements and plastic strain energy change suddenly with the increase of the strength reduction factor. The elasto-plastic behavior of the dam foundation was idealized using the Drucker-Prager yield criterion based on the associated flow rule assumption. The result of elasto-plastic time history analysis of an overflow dam monolith based on the dynamic strength reduction method was compared with that of the dynamic linear elastic analysis, and the reliability of elasto-plastic time history analysis was confirmed. The results also show that the safety factors of the dam-foundation system in the static and dynamic cases are 3.25 and 3.0, respectively, and that the F2 fault has a significant influence on the anti-sliding stability of the high gravity dam. It is also concluded that the proposed instability criterion for the dynamic strength reduction method is feasible.

Genecological zones and selection criteria for natural forest populations for conservation:the case of Boswellia papyrifera in Ethiopia

Rapid changes in land-use in the Combretum–Terminalia woodlands of northwestern Ethiopia are mainly due to the increases in commercial farming and immigration.We used integrated ecological and social data collection techniques,including subdivision of the vegetation zone,vegetation survey,focus group discussions and key informant interviews,to identify genecological zones and set criteria for selection of viable populations of Boswellia papyrifera(Del.)Hochst in Ethiopia for conservation.Interviews of senior experts were supported with a rating method and involved 43 respondents and focused on identifying and weighting criteria and indicators of selection in a participatory way to prioritize populations for conservation.Using mean annual rainfall data,we reclassified the Combretum–Terminalia woodland vegetation region into three moisture zones(wet,moist and dry),and designated them as genecological zones for B.papyrifera conservation.A total of 35 woody species were identified at Lemlem Terara site in Metema district,and the Shannon diversity index and evenness were 2.01 and of 0.62,respectively.There were 405 adult trees,and 10 saplings and3314 seedlings per ha.The trees were medium-sized with overall mean diameter at breast height(dbh) of 16.9(±9.5)cm.Seedling recruitment was poor due to grazing,crop production and fire incidences.Through a multi-criteria decision analysis,five criteria and 20 quantitative indicators were identified and weighted to prioritize populations for conservation.These criteria in their descending order of importance are(1) forest ecosystem health and vitality,(2)forest cover and population structure of B.papyrifera,(3)productive function of the forest,(4) biological diversity in the forest,and(5) socioeconomic benefits of the forest to communities.Multivariate tests in the general linear model revealed significant differences among researchers and nonresearchers in rating the criteria and indicators,but not among foresters and nonforesters.Hence,participatory multi-criteria decision analysis should involve people from various institutions to rectify decisions on conservation of the species.Careful evaluation of the investment policy environment and engaging those government bodies that are responsible to allocate the dry forests for commercial farming is recommended before the proposed criteria are applied to select populations for conservation,thus ensuring subsequent use of the outcomes of such exercises and better reconciling conservation and agricultural production increment goals.

Contractor Selection Criteria in Ghanaian Construction Industry: Benefits and Challenges

Selecting a contractor for construction project is a difficult decision to be taken by a client because it may lead to construction delivery problems or successful delivery of the project. This study, therefore, investigated the contractor selection criteria in the Ghanaian construction industry, considering the benefits and challenges. A quantitative research method was adopted in this study through the use of a questionnaire. The target population for the study consisted of registered contractors and consultants in the Ashanti and Brong-Ahafo regions of Ghana. It was found that though the construction professionals are well vested with the prequalification selection criteria that are being used within the Ghanaian construction industry, they were not familiar with multi-criterial section methods. It was also found that the benefits of the contractor selection criteria include: enabling the client to select contractors who are performers for the project, saving the project owner a lot of time, minimizing the possibility of contractor default, and facilitating the achievement of project success and the objectives within the scheduled time. Furthermore, excessive cost and time overrun, poor quality standard, imprecise assessments due to lack of information, criteria being very complex and difficult to apply in practice, among others were identified as the challenges to the contractor selection criteria in Ghanaian construction industry. The study recommends for further studies to determine the impact of the identified challenges on construction projects, and ways to minimize the challenges.

Monte Carlo Analytic Hierarchy Process (MAHP) approach to selection of optimum mining method

One of the most critical and complicated steps in mine design is a selection of suitable mining method based upon geological,geotechnical,geographical,safety and economical parameters.The aim of this study is developing a Monte Carlo simulation to selection the optimum mining method by using effective and major criteria and at the same time,taking subjective judgments of decision makers into consideration.Proposed approach is based on the combination of Monte Carlo simulation with conventional Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP).Monte Carlo simulation is used to determine the confdence level of each alternative’s score,is calculated by AHP,with the respect to the variance of decision makers’opinion.The proposed method is applied for Jajarm Bauxite Mine in Iran and eventually the most appropriate mining methods for this mine are ranked.