This paper examines how cybersecurity is developing and how it relates to more conventional information security. Although information security and cyber security are sometimes used synonymously, this study contends t...This paper examines how cybersecurity is developing and how it relates to more conventional information security. Although information security and cyber security are sometimes used synonymously, this study contends that they are not the same. The concept of cyber security is explored, which goes beyond protecting information resources to include a wider variety of assets, including people [1]. Protecting information assets is the main goal of traditional information security, with consideration to the human element and how people fit into the security process. On the other hand, cyber security adds a new level of complexity, as people might unintentionally contribute to or become targets of cyberattacks. This aspect presents moral questions since it is becoming more widely accepted that society has a duty to protect weaker members of society, including children [1]. The study emphasizes how important cyber security is on a larger scale, with many countries creating plans and laws to counteract cyberattacks. Nevertheless, a lot of these sources frequently neglect to define the differences or the relationship between information security and cyber security [1]. The paper focus on differentiating between cybersecurity and information security on a larger scale. The study also highlights other areas of cybersecurity which includes defending people, social norms, and vital infrastructure from threats that arise from online in addition to information and technology protection. It contends that ethical issues and the human factor are becoming more and more important in protecting assets in the digital age, and that cyber security is a paradigm shift in this regard [1].展开更多
This case study examines how the Hampton Roads Sea Level Rise Preparedness and Resilience Intergovernmental Planning Pilot Project, a whole-of-government and whole-of-community approach to planning for and adapting to...This case study examines how the Hampton Roads Sea Level Rise Preparedness and Resilience Intergovernmental Planning Pilot Project, a whole-of-government and whole-of-community approach to planning for and adapting to sea level rise, addressed coastal resilience in a southeastern Virginia watershed that spans multiple jurisdictions. Meeting the challenge of sea level rise requires that actors across multiple sectors—citizens, community organizations, industry and government—understand the risks and work together to make critical decisions regarding adaptation strategies and actions. The case study area includes Little Creek Amphibious Base, which is bordered by the cities of Norfolk and Virginia Beach. Adaptation responses to sea level rise by the military base and the local governments will impact each other and the residents of the area, but no cooperative agreements are in place for a joint or collaborative response. This case study examines public and private infrastructure at risk, the infrastructure interdependencies, and mechanisms for providing collaborative solutions. Engagement of area residents and other stakeholders is also integral to the process of adaptation, which includes educating about sea level rise risk and provides a mechanism for social learning that enables stakeholders to participate in critical adaptation decisions. The case study demonstrates a method to improve resiliency in the case study area and inform a regional, multi-sectoral response to sea level rise adaptation strategies.展开更多
Boosting the resilience of power systems is a core requirement of smart grids. In fact, resilience enhancement is crucial to all critical infrastructure systems.In this study, we review the current research on system ...Boosting the resilience of power systems is a core requirement of smart grids. In fact, resilience enhancement is crucial to all critical infrastructure systems.In this study, we review the current research on system resilience enhancement within and beyond smart grids. In addition, we elaborate on resilience definition and resilience quantification and discuss several challenges and opportunities for system resilience enhancement. This study aims to deepen our understanding of the concept of resilience and develop a wide perspective on enhancing the system resilience for critical infrastructures.展开更多
A systematic approach is proposed to the theme of safety,reliability and global quality of complex networks(material and immaterial)by means of special mathematical tools that allow an adequate geometric characterizat...A systematic approach is proposed to the theme of safety,reliability and global quality of complex networks(material and immaterial)by means of special mathematical tools that allow an adequate geometric characterization and study of the operation,even in the presence of multiple obstacles along the path.To that end,applying the theory of graphs to the problem under study and using a special mathematical model based on stochastic geometry,in this article we consider some regular lattices in which it is possible to schematize the elements of the network,with the fundamental cell with six,eight or 2(n+2)obstacles,calculating the probability of Laplace.In this way it is possible to measure the“degree of impedance”exerted by the anomalies along the network by the obstacles examined.The method can be extended to other regular and/or irregular geometric figures,whose union together constitutes the examined network,allowing to optimize the functioning of the complex system considered.展开更多
The power and transportation systems are urban interdependent critical infrastructures(CIs).During the post-disaster restoration process,transportation mobility and power restoration process are interdependent,and the...The power and transportation systems are urban interdependent critical infrastructures(CIs).During the post-disaster restoration process,transportation mobility and power restoration process are interdependent,and their functionalities significantly affect the well-beings of other urban CIs.Therefore,to enhance the resilience of urban CIs,successful recovery strategies should promote CI function cooperatively and synergistically to distribute goods and services efficiently.This paper develops an integrative framework that addresses the challenges of enhancing the recovery efficiency of urban power and transportation systems in short-term recovery period.Specifically,the post-storm recovery process is considered as a scheduling problem with the constraints representingcrew dispatch,equipment and fuel limit.We propose a new framework for co-optimizing the recovery scheduling of power and transportation systems,respecting precedency requirement and network constraints.The advantages and benefits of co-optimized recovery scheduling are validated in a testing system.展开更多
Offshore oil and gas drilling operations are going to remote and harsh arctic environments with demands forheightened safety and resilience of operational facilities. The remote and harsh environment is characterized ...Offshore oil and gas drilling operations are going to remote and harsh arctic environments with demands forheightened safety and resilience of operational facilities. The remote and harsh environment is characterized byextreme waves, wind, storms, currents, ice, and fog that hinder drilling operations and cause structural failuresof critical offshore infrastructures. The risk, safety, reliability, and integrity challenges in harsh environment operations are critically high, and a comprehensive understanding of these factors will aid operations and protectthe investment. The dynamics, environmental constraints, and the associated risk of the critical offshore infrastructures for safe design, installation, and operations are reviewed to identify the current state of knowledge.This paper introduces a systematic review of harsh environment characterization by exploring the metoceanphenomena prevalent in harsh environments and their effects on the floating offshore structures performanceand supporting systems. The dynamics of the floating systems are described by their six degrees of freedom andtheir associated risk scenarios. The systematic methodology further explores the qualitative, quantitative, andconsequences modeling techniques for risk analysis of floating offshore systems in a harsh environment. Whilepresenting the current state of knowledge, the study also emphasizes a way forward for sustainable offshore operations. The study shows that the current state of knowledge is inexhaustive and will require further researchto develop a design that minimizes interruption during remote harsh offshore operations. Resilient innovation,IoT and digitalization provide opportunities to fill some of the challenges of remote Arctic offshore operations.展开更多
文摘This paper examines how cybersecurity is developing and how it relates to more conventional information security. Although information security and cyber security are sometimes used synonymously, this study contends that they are not the same. The concept of cyber security is explored, which goes beyond protecting information resources to include a wider variety of assets, including people [1]. Protecting information assets is the main goal of traditional information security, with consideration to the human element and how people fit into the security process. On the other hand, cyber security adds a new level of complexity, as people might unintentionally contribute to or become targets of cyberattacks. This aspect presents moral questions since it is becoming more widely accepted that society has a duty to protect weaker members of society, including children [1]. The study emphasizes how important cyber security is on a larger scale, with many countries creating plans and laws to counteract cyberattacks. Nevertheless, a lot of these sources frequently neglect to define the differences or the relationship between information security and cyber security [1]. The paper focus on differentiating between cybersecurity and information security on a larger scale. The study also highlights other areas of cybersecurity which includes defending people, social norms, and vital infrastructure from threats that arise from online in addition to information and technology protection. It contends that ethical issues and the human factor are becoming more and more important in protecting assets in the digital age, and that cyber security is a paradigm shift in this regard [1].
文摘This case study examines how the Hampton Roads Sea Level Rise Preparedness and Resilience Intergovernmental Planning Pilot Project, a whole-of-government and whole-of-community approach to planning for and adapting to sea level rise, addressed coastal resilience in a southeastern Virginia watershed that spans multiple jurisdictions. Meeting the challenge of sea level rise requires that actors across multiple sectors—citizens, community organizations, industry and government—understand the risks and work together to make critical decisions regarding adaptation strategies and actions. The case study area includes Little Creek Amphibious Base, which is bordered by the cities of Norfolk and Virginia Beach. Adaptation responses to sea level rise by the military base and the local governments will impact each other and the residents of the area, but no cooperative agreements are in place for a joint or collaborative response. This case study examines public and private infrastructure at risk, the infrastructure interdependencies, and mechanisms for providing collaborative solutions. Engagement of area residents and other stakeholders is also integral to the process of adaptation, which includes educating about sea level rise risk and provides a mechanism for social learning that enables stakeholders to participate in critical adaptation decisions. The case study demonstrates a method to improve resiliency in the case study area and inform a regional, multi-sectoral response to sea level rise adaptation strategies.
基金supported by the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51537010)the National Basic Research Program (973 Program) (Grant No. 2013CB228206)supported by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability
文摘Boosting the resilience of power systems is a core requirement of smart grids. In fact, resilience enhancement is crucial to all critical infrastructure systems.In this study, we review the current research on system resilience enhancement within and beyond smart grids. In addition, we elaborate on resilience definition and resilience quantification and discuss several challenges and opportunities for system resilience enhancement. This study aims to deepen our understanding of the concept of resilience and develop a wide perspective on enhancing the system resilience for critical infrastructures.
文摘A systematic approach is proposed to the theme of safety,reliability and global quality of complex networks(material and immaterial)by means of special mathematical tools that allow an adequate geometric characterization and study of the operation,even in the presence of multiple obstacles along the path.To that end,applying the theory of graphs to the problem under study and using a special mathematical model based on stochastic geometry,in this article we consider some regular lattices in which it is possible to schematize the elements of the network,with the fundamental cell with six,eight or 2(n+2)obstacles,calculating the probability of Laplace.In this way it is possible to measure the“degree of impedance”exerted by the anomalies along the network by the obstacles examined.The method can be extended to other regular and/or irregular geometric figures,whose union together constitutes the examined network,allowing to optimize the functioning of the complex system considered.
基金supported by the U.S.National Science Foundation Project(No.ECCS-171121)CARRER Award(No.CMMI-1554559)CSUFRD-IoT Award.
文摘The power and transportation systems are urban interdependent critical infrastructures(CIs).During the post-disaster restoration process,transportation mobility and power restoration process are interdependent,and their functionalities significantly affect the well-beings of other urban CIs.Therefore,to enhance the resilience of urban CIs,successful recovery strategies should promote CI function cooperatively and synergistically to distribute goods and services efficiently.This paper develops an integrative framework that addresses the challenges of enhancing the recovery efficiency of urban power and transportation systems in short-term recovery period.Specifically,the post-storm recovery process is considered as a scheduling problem with the constraints representingcrew dispatch,equipment and fuel limit.We propose a new framework for co-optimizing the recovery scheduling of power and transportation systems,respecting precedency requirement and network constraints.The advantages and benefits of co-optimized recovery scheduling are validated in a testing system.
文摘Offshore oil and gas drilling operations are going to remote and harsh arctic environments with demands forheightened safety and resilience of operational facilities. The remote and harsh environment is characterized byextreme waves, wind, storms, currents, ice, and fog that hinder drilling operations and cause structural failuresof critical offshore infrastructures. The risk, safety, reliability, and integrity challenges in harsh environment operations are critically high, and a comprehensive understanding of these factors will aid operations and protectthe investment. The dynamics, environmental constraints, and the associated risk of the critical offshore infrastructures for safe design, installation, and operations are reviewed to identify the current state of knowledge.This paper introduces a systematic review of harsh environment characterization by exploring the metoceanphenomena prevalent in harsh environments and their effects on the floating offshore structures performanceand supporting systems. The dynamics of the floating systems are described by their six degrees of freedom andtheir associated risk scenarios. The systematic methodology further explores the qualitative, quantitative, andconsequences modeling techniques for risk analysis of floating offshore systems in a harsh environment. Whilepresenting the current state of knowledge, the study also emphasizes a way forward for sustainable offshore operations. The study shows that the current state of knowledge is inexhaustive and will require further researchto develop a design that minimizes interruption during remote harsh offshore operations. Resilient innovation,IoT and digitalization provide opportunities to fill some of the challenges of remote Arctic offshore operations.
