In the last 20 years, China has made considerable achievements in the conservation of crop germplasm resources. A network for crop germplasm conservation has been established by the end of 2002, which includes a natio...In the last 20 years, China has made considerable achievements in the conservation of crop germplasm resources. A network for crop germplasm conservation has been established by the end of 2002, which includes a national long-term seed genebank and its duplicated genebank, 8 national medium-term seed genebanks, 30 national field genebanks. 2 national in vitro genebanks, and 3 in situ conservation sites including 1 for wild soybean and 2 for wild rice. More than 334 000 crop germplasm accessions are currently stored in the national long-term genebank, covering 35 families, 192 genera and 712 species, which rank in the first place in the world. More than 43 000 accessions of vegetatively propagated crops and perennial crops covering more than 900 species are conserved in the national field genebanks. In addition, 2 300 accessions are stored in the national in vitro genebanks. This paper reviewed the latest advances of techniques for safety preservation of stored germplasm in seed genebank, ultra-dried seed storage and in vitro preservation in China and discussed current highlights in germplasm conservation.展开更多
This paper describes the characteristics and rules of geographical distribution of main crop germplasm resources, totally 194 634 accesions of germplasm of 73 crops. Among them, food crop germplasm have 161 574 accesi...This paper describes the characteristics and rules of geographical distribution of main crop germplasm resources, totally 194 634 accesions of germplasm of 73 crops. Among them, food crop germplasm have 161 574 accesions, making up 83% of the total number. The maps of germplasm graphical distribution of main food crops, fibre plants and oil crops are presented. The crop germplasm in China are distributed widely in the whole country. With regard to provinces, crop germplasm resources are more bountiful in Shanxi, Guangxi, Sichuan, Shandong, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Hebei,Henan, Guangdong and the total germplasm resources in these provinces are 112 185 accessions,making up 57. 6% in the whole country. With regard to agricultural ragions, crop germplasm resources at the middle and lower reaches of the Huanghe (Yellow) River are the most bountiful, which have 52 325 accessions, making up 26. 9% in the whale country. The number of crop germplasm per million mu (1 ha = 15mu) of cultivated land is obviously different in different regions. The more bountiful the heat resources, the heat resources, the more complicated the terrain and the longer the history of agricultural planting, the richer the crop germplasm races per million mu cultivated land will be.展开更多
Germplasm effect reflects the quantitative relation between production ability of germplasm elements and yield (quality) of a certain crop, which can be shown by mathematic function, namely, germplasm effect functio...Germplasm effect reflects the quantitative relation between production ability of germplasm elements and yield (quality) of a certain crop, which can be shown by mathematic function, namely, germplasm effect function. Germplasm effect of a crop variety is an aggregation of many effective factors, and is restrained by different effective factors; constant increase of any one effect of germplasm elements would lead to law of effect decline, therefore, possible modes of transgenic crops effect function were deduced according to the law of effect decline. The possible modes of single transgenic germplasm effect function and multi-transgenic germplasm effect regression equation were discussed, and the characteristics of germplasm effect regression equation were analyzed in this paper.展开更多
The value evaluation and accounting of crop germplasm not only provides the theory and method for the price of germplasm, thus makes further lawful and fair transactions, but also ensures the benefits of crop germplas...The value evaluation and accounting of crop germplasm not only provides the theory and method for the price of germplasm, thus makes further lawful and fair transactions, but also ensures the benefits of crop germplasm owners and is also instructive in keeping the foodstuff safety. This paper founded a multidimensional value accounting system, which included physical accounting, value accounting and quality index accounting; individual accounting and total accounting; quantity accounting and quality accounting.展开更多
Africa is the origin center of many crops. It is rich in original ecological resources,especially special resources which are excellent materials for breeding research. With acceleration of commercial seeds in agricul...Africa is the origin center of many crops. It is rich in original ecological resources,especially special resources which are excellent materials for breeding research. With acceleration of commercial seeds in agriculture of African countries,some original ecological resources are disappearing. Through experience of introduction of African varieties in recent years,it analyzed current situation of introduction and use of African crop germplasm resources. Finally,it came up with recommendations for rescuing and taking full advantage of excellent African resources,solving difficult problem restricting crop breeding,enriching China's crop germplasm bank,and improving China's and African crop breeding level and innovation ability.展开更多
This study focused on the investigation of crop germplasm resources in coastal areas of Shandong Province, including132 villages in 82 towns of 34 counties. The survey collected local varieties and wild resources of g...This study focused on the investigation of crop germplasm resources in coastal areas of Shandong Province, including132 villages in 82 towns of 34 counties. The survey collected local varieties and wild resources of grain crops, economic crops,vegetables and fruit trees, and a total of 848 samples were collected, belonging to 54 species of 39 genera in 15 families. In this study, the current situation and growth and decline conditions of crop germplasm resources were investigated, and their botanical classification and utilization importance were analyzed. Furthermore, the conservation, development and utilization of crop germplasm resources in coastal areas of Shandong Province were also discussed in this paper.展开更多
The plant germplasm resources harboring abundant genetic variations are necessary wealth in developing new cultivars adapted to various geographic and seasonal conditions.Unraveling the complex genetic architecture un...The plant germplasm resources harboring abundant genetic variations are necessary wealth in developing new cultivars adapted to various geographic and seasonal conditions.Unraveling the complex genetic architecture underlying phenotypic diversity in germplasm population is essential in studies on genetics,evolution and breeding plans for crop species.Mapping quantitative trait loci(QTLs)using molecular markers provide a basic tool for understanding the inheritance of quantitative traits,while the genomewide association study(GWAS)is a potential approach to detecting the whole-genome QTLs and their corresponding alleles in a germplasm population.The previous GWAS detects QTLs by taking high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers to identify genotypephenotype associations,and has been extensively used for genetic dissection of quantitative traits in plants(Huang and Han 2014).展开更多
2010年前后,随着各大作物模式品种基因组测序的完成,拟南芥、水稻、玉米等的重测序研究,突破了分子标记数量的限制,带动作物科学研究全面进入基因组时代,大量代表性品种、种质资源完成了重测序工作,数以百万甚至千万计的SNP标记,全基因...2010年前后,随着各大作物模式品种基因组测序的完成,拟南芥、水稻、玉米等的重测序研究,突破了分子标记数量的限制,带动作物科学研究全面进入基因组时代,大量代表性品种、种质资源完成了重测序工作,数以百万甚至千万计的SNP标记,全基因组关联分析(GWAS,genome-wide association study)广泛应用于遗传资源研究,使近10年成为种质资源研究的黄金期,通过GWAS解析一些复杂重要农艺性状的遗传基础,成为Cell、Nature和Science及其子刊这一时期的主要内容,推动种质资源学迈入一个崭新时代。20世纪,遗传育种学的发展和完善推动了种质资源学科的萌芽和初步形成,而21世纪基因组学的发展和广泛应用,逐步形成了种质资源学推动育种学发展的新局面,一些长期困扰育种家的问题,通过GWAS分析得到了重要启示或答案(如番茄的驯化、育种史,品质与产量矛盾问题,小麦骨干亲本等)。而泛基因组研究的迅速发展,突破了单一参考基因组的局限性,使我们认识到品种间基因组结构变异的普遍性,为深度解析重大品种、骨干亲本的形成及突破性资源的创制提供了更加宽广的视野。巢式关联作图群体(NAM,nested association mapping)、多亲本互交群体(MAGIC,multi-parent advanced generation intercross)及以此为基础衍生的构建多亲本遗传群体的思路和实践,使研究群体的遗传背景水平达到同期育种要求,不仅加快了基因的精细定位,并为组装育种提供了平台,推动着种质资源学、基因组学和育种学的融合与互动,开启了以基因组信息为支撑的基因资源和分子设计育种新时代,也预示着大学科融合与调整时代的到来。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Technologies Research and Development Program and the National Basic Work Program,China(2001BA511B01).
文摘In the last 20 years, China has made considerable achievements in the conservation of crop germplasm resources. A network for crop germplasm conservation has been established by the end of 2002, which includes a national long-term seed genebank and its duplicated genebank, 8 national medium-term seed genebanks, 30 national field genebanks. 2 national in vitro genebanks, and 3 in situ conservation sites including 1 for wild soybean and 2 for wild rice. More than 334 000 crop germplasm accessions are currently stored in the national long-term genebank, covering 35 families, 192 genera and 712 species, which rank in the first place in the world. More than 43 000 accessions of vegetatively propagated crops and perennial crops covering more than 900 species are conserved in the national field genebanks. In addition, 2 300 accessions are stored in the national in vitro genebanks. This paper reviewed the latest advances of techniques for safety preservation of stored germplasm in seed genebank, ultra-dried seed storage and in vitro preservation in China and discussed current highlights in germplasm conservation.
文摘This paper describes the characteristics and rules of geographical distribution of main crop germplasm resources, totally 194 634 accesions of germplasm of 73 crops. Among them, food crop germplasm have 161 574 accesions, making up 83% of the total number. The maps of germplasm graphical distribution of main food crops, fibre plants and oil crops are presented. The crop germplasm in China are distributed widely in the whole country. With regard to provinces, crop germplasm resources are more bountiful in Shanxi, Guangxi, Sichuan, Shandong, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Hebei,Henan, Guangdong and the total germplasm resources in these provinces are 112 185 accessions,making up 57. 6% in the whole country. With regard to agricultural ragions, crop germplasm resources at the middle and lower reaches of the Huanghe (Yellow) River are the most bountiful, which have 52 325 accessions, making up 26. 9% in the whale country. The number of crop germplasm per million mu (1 ha = 15mu) of cultivated land is obviously different in different regions. The more bountiful the heat resources, the heat resources, the more complicated the terrain and the longer the history of agricultural planting, the richer the crop germplasm races per million mu cultivated land will be.
文摘Germplasm effect reflects the quantitative relation between production ability of germplasm elements and yield (quality) of a certain crop, which can be shown by mathematic function, namely, germplasm effect function. Germplasm effect of a crop variety is an aggregation of many effective factors, and is restrained by different effective factors; constant increase of any one effect of germplasm elements would lead to law of effect decline, therefore, possible modes of transgenic crops effect function were deduced according to the law of effect decline. The possible modes of single transgenic germplasm effect function and multi-transgenic germplasm effect regression equation were discussed, and the characteristics of germplasm effect regression equation were analyzed in this paper.
基金Supported by National Social Science Fund(07BZX062)
文摘The value evaluation and accounting of crop germplasm not only provides the theory and method for the price of germplasm, thus makes further lawful and fair transactions, but also ensures the benefits of crop germplasm owners and is also instructive in keeping the foodstuff safety. This paper founded a multidimensional value accounting system, which included physical accounting, value accounting and quality index accounting; individual accounting and total accounting; quantity accounting and quality accounting.
基金Supported by International Sci-tech Cooperation Program of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2011DFB31620)
文摘Africa is the origin center of many crops. It is rich in original ecological resources,especially special resources which are excellent materials for breeding research. With acceleration of commercial seeds in agriculture of African countries,some original ecological resources are disappearing. Through experience of introduction of African varieties in recent years,it analyzed current situation of introduction and use of African crop germplasm resources. Finally,it came up with recommendations for rescuing and taking full advantage of excellent African resources,solving difficult problem restricting crop breeding,enriching China's crop germplasm bank,and improving China's and African crop breeding level and innovation ability.
文摘This study focused on the investigation of crop germplasm resources in coastal areas of Shandong Province, including132 villages in 82 towns of 34 counties. The survey collected local varieties and wild resources of grain crops, economic crops,vegetables and fruit trees, and a total of 848 samples were collected, belonging to 54 species of 39 genera in 15 families. In this study, the current situation and growth and decline conditions of crop germplasm resources were investigated, and their botanical classification and utilization importance were analyzed. Furthermore, the conservation, development and utilization of crop germplasm resources in coastal areas of Shandong Province were also discussed in this paper.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31701447)the National R&D Program of China(2016YFD0100201,2016YFD0100304,2017YFD0100500,and 2017YFD0102002)+4 种基金the 111 Project of Ministry of Education,China(B08025)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University,China(PCSIRT_17R55)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-04)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(KYT201801)the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production,China。
文摘The plant germplasm resources harboring abundant genetic variations are necessary wealth in developing new cultivars adapted to various geographic and seasonal conditions.Unraveling the complex genetic architecture underlying phenotypic diversity in germplasm population is essential in studies on genetics,evolution and breeding plans for crop species.Mapping quantitative trait loci(QTLs)using molecular markers provide a basic tool for understanding the inheritance of quantitative traits,while the genomewide association study(GWAS)is a potential approach to detecting the whole-genome QTLs and their corresponding alleles in a germplasm population.The previous GWAS detects QTLs by taking high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers to identify genotypephenotype associations,and has been extensively used for genetic dissection of quantitative traits in plants(Huang and Han 2014).
文摘2010年前后,随着各大作物模式品种基因组测序的完成,拟南芥、水稻、玉米等的重测序研究,突破了分子标记数量的限制,带动作物科学研究全面进入基因组时代,大量代表性品种、种质资源完成了重测序工作,数以百万甚至千万计的SNP标记,全基因组关联分析(GWAS,genome-wide association study)广泛应用于遗传资源研究,使近10年成为种质资源研究的黄金期,通过GWAS解析一些复杂重要农艺性状的遗传基础,成为Cell、Nature和Science及其子刊这一时期的主要内容,推动种质资源学迈入一个崭新时代。20世纪,遗传育种学的发展和完善推动了种质资源学科的萌芽和初步形成,而21世纪基因组学的发展和广泛应用,逐步形成了种质资源学推动育种学发展的新局面,一些长期困扰育种家的问题,通过GWAS分析得到了重要启示或答案(如番茄的驯化、育种史,品质与产量矛盾问题,小麦骨干亲本等)。而泛基因组研究的迅速发展,突破了单一参考基因组的局限性,使我们认识到品种间基因组结构变异的普遍性,为深度解析重大品种、骨干亲本的形成及突破性资源的创制提供了更加宽广的视野。巢式关联作图群体(NAM,nested association mapping)、多亲本互交群体(MAGIC,multi-parent advanced generation intercross)及以此为基础衍生的构建多亲本遗传群体的思路和实践,使研究群体的遗传背景水平达到同期育种要求,不仅加快了基因的精细定位,并为组装育种提供了平台,推动着种质资源学、基因组学和育种学的融合与互动,开启了以基因组信息为支撑的基因资源和分子设计育种新时代,也预示着大学科融合与调整时代的到来。