High water consumption and inefficient irrigation management in the agriculture sector of the middle and lower reaches of the Amu Darya River Basin(ADRB)have significantly influenced the gradual shrinking of the Aral ...High water consumption and inefficient irrigation management in the agriculture sector of the middle and lower reaches of the Amu Darya River Basin(ADRB)have significantly influenced the gradual shrinking of the Aral Sea and its ecosystem.In this study,we investigated the crop water consumption in the growing seasons and the irrigation water requirement for different crop types in the lower ADRB during 2004–2017.We applied the FAO Penman–Monteith method to estimate reference evapotranspiration(ET0)based on daily climatic data collected from four meteorological stations.Crop evapotranspiration(ETc)of specific crop types was calculated by the crop coefficient.Then,we analyzed the net irrigation requirement(NIR)based on the effective precipitation with crop water requirements.The results indicated that the lowest monthly ET0 values in the lower ADRB were found in December(18.2 mm)and January(16.0 mm),and the highest monthly ET0 values were found in June and July,with similar values of 211.6 mm.The annual ETc reached to 887.2,1002.1,and 492.0 mm for cotton,rice,and wheat,respectively.The average regional NIR ranged from 514.9 to 715.0 mm in the 10 Irrigation System Management Organizations(UISs)in the study area,while the total required irrigation volume for the whole region ranged from 4.2×109 to 11.6×109 m3 during 2004–2017.The percentages of NIR in SIW(surface irrigation water)ranged from 46.4%to 65.2%during the study period,with the exceptions of the drought years of 2008 and 2011,in which there was a significantly less runoff in the Amu Darya River.This study provides an overview for local water authorities to achieve optimal regional water allocation in the study area.展开更多
Understanding crop water requirements(CWR)in semi-arid region is essential for better irrigation practices,scheduling and efficient use of water since the water supply through rainfall is limited.This paper estimated ...Understanding crop water requirements(CWR)in semi-arid region is essential for better irrigation practices,scheduling and efficient use of water since the water supply through rainfall is limited.This paper estimated the crop reference and actual evapotranspiration(Eto and ETc)respectively and the irrigation water requirement of rice(Oryza sativa L.)in Benin’s sub-basin of Niger River(BSBNR)of west Africa,using CROPWAT model.The long recorded climatic data,crop and soil data from 1942 to 2012 were computed with the Cropwat model which is based on the United Nations’Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)paper number 56(FAO56).The Penman-Monteith method was used to estimate ETo.Crop coefficients(Kc)from the phenomenological stages of rice were applied to adjust and estimate the actual evapotranspiration ETc through a water balance of the irrigation water requirements(IR).The results showed the BSBNR annual reference evapotranspiration(ETo)was estimated at 1967 mm.The lowest monthly value of ETo of 123 mm,was observed in August month,middle of the rainy season while the highest value 210 mm was observed in March within dry season.The crop evapotranspiration ETc and the crop irrigation requirements were estimated at 651 mm and 383 mm,respectively in rainy season and 920 mm and 1148 mm,respectively within a dry season.Irrigation projects of these seasons can then be scheduled for water use efficiency based on these findings.展开更多
Camelina(Camelina sativa)has emerged as a potential biofuel crop globally with its suitability even as a jet fuel source with 75–80%less greenhouse gas emissions compared to common petroleum fuels.The crop has origin...Camelina(Camelina sativa)has emerged as a potential biofuel crop globally with its suitability even as a jet fuel source with 75–80%less greenhouse gas emissions compared to common petroleum fuels.The crop has originated from Mediterranean region and belongs to Brassicaceae family.DIBER,DRDO has made initial and pioneer efforts in successful introduction of this crop to India and its agro-technology standardization.Being a short duration crop with lesser input requirement,it fits well in the cropping pattern of hilly states of Indian Himalaya.These areas experience fallow land due to shortage of irrigation water for growing other crops.The present study revealed that irrigation at flowering stage is more beneficial.Irrigation at this stage(if only one irrigation is available)exhibited grain yield of 1.004 kg·m^(-2)which was 21 and 80%higher over pod setting and rosette stage irrigation,respectively.The maximum seed yield was observed under treatment where irrigation was provided at all three crop growth stages(2.044 kg·m^(-2)).It was 50%higher over T6 treatment(where two irrigations were given at rosette and flowering stage)and 104%higher over T3(where only one irrigation was given at flowering stage).展开更多
该研究利用长江中下游地区91个气象站点1961-2007年地面观测资料和63个农业气象试验站1981-2006年单季稻和双季稻的生育期资料,采用美国农业部土壤保持局推荐的方法计算了有效降水量,用联合国粮食与农业组织(FAO,Food and Agriculture O...该研究利用长江中下游地区91个气象站点1961-2007年地面观测资料和63个农业气象试验站1981-2006年单季稻和双季稻的生育期资料,采用美国农业部土壤保持局推荐的方法计算了有效降水量,用联合国粮食与农业组织(FAO,Food and Agriculture Organization)推荐的方法分别计算了研究区域内单季稻和双季稻需水量,探讨了不同地区单季稻和双季稻的水分利用效率。研究结果表明:研究时段内长江中下游地区早稻和单季稻生育期有效降水量均表现为增加趋势,而晚稻生育期有效降水量表现为减少趋势;早稻、晚稻和单季稻生育期内需水量皆表现为减少趋势,其中单季稻和晚稻的需水量为显著减少;为满足水稻需水要求,研究区域内双季稻生育期内的灌溉量较单季稻多125 mm,但其水分利用效率在研究区域高于单季稻;从提高水分利用效率的角度来看,长江中下游地区总体更适宜种植双季稻。展开更多
基金This study was supported by the International Cooperation Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(41761144079)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20060301)+2 种基金the State's Key Project of Research and Development Plan(2017YFC0404501),the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(131551KYSB20160002)the project of the Research Center of Ecology and Environment in Central Asia(Y934031)a grant from the Regional Collaborative Innovation Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2020E01010).
文摘High water consumption and inefficient irrigation management in the agriculture sector of the middle and lower reaches of the Amu Darya River Basin(ADRB)have significantly influenced the gradual shrinking of the Aral Sea and its ecosystem.In this study,we investigated the crop water consumption in the growing seasons and the irrigation water requirement for different crop types in the lower ADRB during 2004–2017.We applied the FAO Penman–Monteith method to estimate reference evapotranspiration(ET0)based on daily climatic data collected from four meteorological stations.Crop evapotranspiration(ETc)of specific crop types was calculated by the crop coefficient.Then,we analyzed the net irrigation requirement(NIR)based on the effective precipitation with crop water requirements.The results indicated that the lowest monthly ET0 values in the lower ADRB were found in December(18.2 mm)and January(16.0 mm),and the highest monthly ET0 values were found in June and July,with similar values of 211.6 mm.The annual ETc reached to 887.2,1002.1,and 492.0 mm for cotton,rice,and wheat,respectively.The average regional NIR ranged from 514.9 to 715.0 mm in the 10 Irrigation System Management Organizations(UISs)in the study area,while the total required irrigation volume for the whole region ranged from 4.2×109 to 11.6×109 m3 during 2004–2017.The percentages of NIR in SIW(surface irrigation water)ranged from 46.4%to 65.2%during the study period,with the exceptions of the drought years of 2008 and 2011,in which there was a significantly less runoff in the Amu Darya River.This study provides an overview for local water authorities to achieve optimal regional water allocation in the study area.
基金supported by the National Major Science and Technology Projects for Water Pollution Control and Management(2012ZX07104-003).
文摘Understanding crop water requirements(CWR)in semi-arid region is essential for better irrigation practices,scheduling and efficient use of water since the water supply through rainfall is limited.This paper estimated the crop reference and actual evapotranspiration(Eto and ETc)respectively and the irrigation water requirement of rice(Oryza sativa L.)in Benin’s sub-basin of Niger River(BSBNR)of west Africa,using CROPWAT model.The long recorded climatic data,crop and soil data from 1942 to 2012 were computed with the Cropwat model which is based on the United Nations’Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)paper number 56(FAO56).The Penman-Monteith method was used to estimate ETo.Crop coefficients(Kc)from the phenomenological stages of rice were applied to adjust and estimate the actual evapotranspiration ETc through a water balance of the irrigation water requirements(IR).The results showed the BSBNR annual reference evapotranspiration(ETo)was estimated at 1967 mm.The lowest monthly value of ETo of 123 mm,was observed in August month,middle of the rainy season while the highest value 210 mm was observed in March within dry season.The crop evapotranspiration ETc and the crop irrigation requirements were estimated at 651 mm and 383 mm,respectively in rainy season and 920 mm and 1148 mm,respectively within a dry season.Irrigation projects of these seasons can then be scheduled for water use efficiency based on these findings.
基金This research was funded by the Defence Research&Development Organisation,Ministry of Defence,Govt of India.Contribution of all contributors has been acknowledged.
文摘Camelina(Camelina sativa)has emerged as a potential biofuel crop globally with its suitability even as a jet fuel source with 75–80%less greenhouse gas emissions compared to common petroleum fuels.The crop has originated from Mediterranean region and belongs to Brassicaceae family.DIBER,DRDO has made initial and pioneer efforts in successful introduction of this crop to India and its agro-technology standardization.Being a short duration crop with lesser input requirement,it fits well in the cropping pattern of hilly states of Indian Himalaya.These areas experience fallow land due to shortage of irrigation water for growing other crops.The present study revealed that irrigation at flowering stage is more beneficial.Irrigation at this stage(if only one irrigation is available)exhibited grain yield of 1.004 kg·m^(-2)which was 21 and 80%higher over pod setting and rosette stage irrigation,respectively.The maximum seed yield was observed under treatment where irrigation was provided at all three crop growth stages(2.044 kg·m^(-2)).It was 50%higher over T6 treatment(where two irrigations were given at rosette and flowering stage)and 104%higher over T3(where only one irrigation was given at flowering stage).
文摘该研究利用长江中下游地区91个气象站点1961-2007年地面观测资料和63个农业气象试验站1981-2006年单季稻和双季稻的生育期资料,采用美国农业部土壤保持局推荐的方法计算了有效降水量,用联合国粮食与农业组织(FAO,Food and Agriculture Organization)推荐的方法分别计算了研究区域内单季稻和双季稻需水量,探讨了不同地区单季稻和双季稻的水分利用效率。研究结果表明:研究时段内长江中下游地区早稻和单季稻生育期有效降水量均表现为增加趋势,而晚稻生育期有效降水量表现为减少趋势;早稻、晚稻和单季稻生育期内需水量皆表现为减少趋势,其中单季稻和晚稻的需水量为显著减少;为满足水稻需水要求,研究区域内双季稻生育期内的灌溉量较单季稻多125 mm,但其水分利用效率在研究区域高于单季稻;从提高水分利用效率的角度来看,长江中下游地区总体更适宜种植双季稻。
