Experimental study of cross-section ratios in the collisions of C^(q+) and O^(q+) (q=1-4) on atomic helium in strong-interaction region

We have measured the cross-section ratios of helium induced by Cq＋ and Oq＋ （q = 1-4） in an energy range from 20 keV/amu to 500 keV/amu, and obtained the two-dimensional spectra by employing the coincidence method combined with the MPA-3 data acquisition system. Hence, we obtain the ratios of total single-ionization cross-sections （SI, SC, SLSI, and DLSI）, total double-ionization cross-sections （DI, DC, TI, SLDI, and DLDI） and cross-sections of every process （SI, SC, SLSI, DLSI, DI, DC, TI, SLDI, and DLDI）, which induce the single-ionization and double-ionization, to the total cross sections respectively. The competitive relations between the reaction-channels and the experimental data law of each reaction-channel are revealed explicitly, and the qualitative explanations involved in those results are also presented accordingly.

On the ratio of expectation crossings of random-excited dielectric elastomer balloon

The ratio of expectation crossings of dielectric elastomer balloon excited by random pressure is analytically evaluated in this letter. The Mooney-Rivlin model is adopted to describe the constitutive relation while the random pressure is described by Gaussian white noise. Through a specific transformation, the stochastic differential equations for the total energy and phase are derived. With the application of the stochastic averaging, the system total energy is then approximated by a one-dimensional diffusion pro-cess. Solving the associated Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov （FPK） equation yields the stationary probability density of the system total energy. The ratio of expectation crossings is then derived based on the joint stationary probability density of stretch ratio and its ratio of change. The efficacy and accuracy of the proposed procedure are verified by comparing with the results from Monte Carlo simulation （MCS）.

Novel camera calibration method based on invariance of collinear points and pole-polar constraint

To address the eccentric error of circular marks in camera calibration,a circle location method based on the invariance of collinear points and pole–polar constraint is proposed in this paper.Firstly,the centers of the ellipses are extracted,and the real concentric circle center projection equation is established by exploiting the cross ratio invariance of the collinear points.Subsequently,since the infinite lines passing through the centers of the marks are parallel,the other center projection coordinates are expressed as the solution problem of linear equations.The problem of projection deviation caused by using the center of the ellipse as the real circle center projection is addressed,and the results are utilized as the true image points to achieve the high precision camera calibration.As demonstrated by the simulations and practical experiments,the proposed method performs a better location and calibration performance by achieving the actual center projection of circular marks.The relevant results confirm the precision and robustness of the proposed approach.

Systematics of Isomeric Cross Section Ratio for(n,t)Reaction at 14.6 MeV

On the basis of Hauser-Feshbach theory and some approximations,parametrized formulae of isomeric cross section ratio including two adjustableparameters for(n,t)reaction at 14.6MeV are derived.By fitting these formulae to theavailable measured data,parameters are obtained and the systematic behaviour of theisomeric cross section ratio are studied.The isomeric cross section ratio predicted by thepresent work is in good agreement with the limited measured data.

偶极子对激发的宽带平面端射高增益天线

文中提出了一款单向辐射特性的微带缝隙结构双偶极子宽带天线。该天线由阶梯型缝隙结构、共面双偶极子和5组引向器构成。阶梯型缝隙结构用于改善阻抗匹配,拓展了天线的带宽;共面双偶极子改善了天线的辐射特性;引向器提高了天线的增益。仿真和实测表明,该天线的相对带宽为66.4%(5.78 GHz~11.53 GHz),带内前后比为15.7 dB~27.4 dB、增益为8.4 dBi~11.9 dBi,并且天线的交叉极化低、辐射方向图稳定。该天线的良好性能使其在无线通信和雷达领域的应用具有极强的吸引力。

单箱双室变截面波形钢腹板组合梁剪应力分析

为了研究单箱双室变截面波形钢腹板组合箱梁(CBBCSW)的剪应力分布规律,分析了单箱双室变截面CBBCSW的顶底板与波形钢腹板(CSW)的承剪问题。基于微元体平衡和切应力互等定理推导了变截面CSW的剪应力计算公式,并与等截面CSW剪应力计算公式进行了对比。对各项剪应力的性质展开了研究,针对变截面CBBCSW的顶底板和参与承剪机理进行了分析,提出了底板承剪比例计算公式。以室内模型试验梁和一座单箱双室变截面CBBCSW为例,采用ANSYS有限元软件分别建立了试验梁与实桥的有限元模型,研究了不同约束体系下,剪应力在CSW上的分布以及顶底板与CSW参与承剪的规律。对比不同荷载情况下,有限元计算结果与理论公式计算结果的差异,分析不同荷载工况对顶底板与CSW参与承剪的影响。此外,分析了横隔板对单箱多室CBBCSW剪力分配的影响。研究结果表明:所提公式的理论结果与试验实测结果和有限元结果吻合较好,且底板参与承剪的比例不可忽视;变截面引起的“附加剪应力”是影响剪力传递的直接原因,弯矩的大小会直接影响底板参与承剪的比例;对称荷载下中腹板与边腹板的剪力分布几乎相同,而横隔板会改变CSW上剪力分配,靠近横隔板处的部位剪应力分布更均匀。研究结果可以为实际工程中变截面CSW的剪应力和承剪比的分析提供参考依据。

截面型式及槽宽比对高填明洞土压力影响分析

利用离散元软件PFC2D,考虑到土体的离散性与不均匀性,通过分析洞顶平均竖向土压力、内外土柱相对沉降差以及颗粒间接触力链的变化规律,探讨截面型式(矩形、1/4拱形、1/2拱形)及槽宽比(B/b=1.5∶1,2∶1,3∶1,4∶1)变化对高填黄土明洞土压力的影响,结合顾安全公式,分析高填明洞沉降差与土压力间的函数关系,并修正该函数,使其可以适用与不同的截面型式与槽宽比下的高填明洞。结果表明:(1)B/b确定,明洞采用矩形截面时,接触力链在洞顶分布,平均土压力更大,明洞采用拱形截面时,平均土压力更小,但拱顶存在局部应力集中现象;(2)明洞截面型式一定,随着B/b的增大,洞顶平均竖向土压力与沉降差均随之增大,当B/b较小时,边坡作用增强,外侧土柱沉降降低,对内土柱的作用力变小,从而导致明洞顶竖向土压力更小;(3)内外土柱沉降差与附加土压力呈线性相关,相对于矩形截面,拱形截面下较小的沉降差会产生相同的附加土压力,更有利于结构的稳定。

关于正交试验在碱性水环境下定向钻泥浆的配比研究

如何配制出良好的泥浆使其能够在管道中形成稳定的泥膜,以保持管壁稳定性是目前行业内研究的重点。研究主要以黄河穿管项目为背景,以膨润土、羧甲基纤维素、碳酸钠等为材料,通过研究不同配比下泥浆的性能来研究影响泥浆的因素。本次试验结果表明:根据本项目背景工程,通过设计正交试验得出膨润土∶CMC∶碳酸钠∶水=80∶4∶5∶900为良好的泥浆配比。

熔融沉积成形中扁平椭圆截面挤压宽度模型的分析与实验

目的在熔融沉积成形工艺中,挤压宽度是一个被忽视的核心参数,它不仅直接影响层高、进料速率、扫描速率等工艺参数,还间接影响打印制件的表面粗糙度、力学性能、尺寸精度和构建时间。因此,必须严格控制挤压宽度。方法首先在3D打印挤出原理、黏弹性理论和聚合物流变学理论的基础上,提出了扁平椭圆截面模型。然后将该模型的理论计算结果与实验测量数据进行比较,验证了扁平椭圆模型的准确性,并分析了误差的来源。同时在该模型的基础上,研究了料丝直径公差对挤压宽度的影响、扫描速率与进料速率的匹配范围和最大扫描速率。结果提出了挤压长丝截面的扁平椭圆模型,得到了理论挤压宽度的表达式,并通过实验验证了该截面模型的误差在6%以内,并研究了料丝直径公差对挤压宽度的影响、扫描速率与进料速率的匹配关系,以及PLA材料在不同层高下的最大扫描速率。结论为提高打印制件品质和效率提供了重要参考。

线性规划的无比值检验criss-cross算法

Zionts提出的求解线性规划问题的criss-cross算法实际是一阶段算法,不过与传统一阶段算法不同,它交替进行原始和对偶迭代,而产生的既可以是原始可行解,也可以是对偶可行解。为了提高计算效率,文章提出了一种采用无比值检验规则的新criss-cross算法,基于新算法编制的一个稠密软件在对40个小问题进行的数值试验中,就迭代次数而言,以2.12的比率胜过了传统的两阶段算法。

混凝土结构设计中常见的稳定问题

混凝土结构的稳定问题受重视程度不及钢结构,本文对比中国、欧洲、美国和新西兰的混凝土设计规范中关于结构整体稳定、构件稳定的条文,并结合示例和公式推导,给出相关设计建议。对于整体稳定,刚重比数值受侧向合力位置、建筑重力大小及位置的影响,不应简单地以刚重比的数值来评判不同建筑的整体稳定性。对于构件稳定,分析了几个常见而易被忽视的问题。穿层柱及支撑连桥的框架柱宜考虑二阶效应;对于大跨度梁和长悬臂梁可借鉴外国规范,控制梁的高宽比和侧向无支撑长度;通过数值屈曲分析来反算柱子计算长度时,应正确施加荷载;国内对墙肢的稳定限制较严,对比墙肢的稳定等效荷载与轴压比限值荷载,给出了楼梯间外墙和L形剪力墙的截面由稳定控制的临界高度。

Flexible Calibration Method for 3D Laser Scanner System

In this paper, a flexible high-precision calibration method suitable for industrial field was proposed. The complexity of the coordinate transformation was simplified by choosing the camera coordinate system as the unified reference coordinate system. A flexible planar calibration pattern was introduced to the calibration process, which can be arbitrarily placed and from which the known feature points can be extracted to construct other unknown feature points. With the known intrinsic parameters, the laser projector plane equation was fitted by the multi-noncollinear points, which were acquired through the principle of triangulation and the projective invariance of cross ratio. With this method, the strict alignment and multiple times of coordinate transformation can be avoided. Experimental results showed that the arithmetic mean of the root mean square(RMS) error of distance was 0.000 7 mm.

Relative energy zero ratio-based approach for identifying pulse-like ground motions

Pulse-like ground motions are capable of inflicting significant damage to structures. Efficient classification of pulse-like ground motion is of great importance when performing the seismic assessment in near-fault regions. In this study, a new method for identifying the velocity pulses is proposed, based on different trends of two parameters: the short-time energy and the short-time zero crossing rate of a ground motion record. A new pulse indicator, the relative energy zero ratio(REZR), is defined to qualitatively identify pulse-like features. The threshold for pulse-like ground motions is derived and compared with two other identification methods through statistical analysis. The proposed procedure not only shows good accuracy and efficiency when identifying pulse-like ground motions but also exhibits good performance for classifying records with high-frequency noise and discontinuous pulses. The REZR method does not require a waveform formula to express and fit the potential velocity pulses;it is a purely signal-based classification method. Finally, the proposed procedure is used to evaluate the contribution of pulse-like motions to the total input energy of a seismic record, which dramatically increases the seismic damage potential.

变截面钢桁腹混凝土组合梁-钢腹杆剪应力计算

基于弹性梁微元法,考虑混凝土顶底板对组合梁的抗剪贡献,在轴力、剪力及弯矩共同作用下,推导变截面钢桁腹-混凝土组合梁剪应力计算公式,并结合算例和有限元进行验证,对比分析在集中荷载作用下理论值与有限元值的相对误差,验证计算公式的适用性。研究结果表明:解析法和有限元法计算结果吻合良好,在变截面钢桁腹-混凝土组合梁剪应力计算中变截面效应的影响不可忽略。在集中荷载作用下,等截面梁与变截面梁等效钢腹板的承剪比最大差值约79.75%;从悬臂梁端部到根部,钢腹杆的剪应力在减小,钢腹杆的承剪比从81.48%降低至10.90%。

不同影响因素下巷道变形特征模拟研究

以王晁煤矿16层煤开采巷道为背景,基于正交试验通过FLAC^(3D)数值模拟软件建立巷道变形破裂演化的计算模型,系统研究了不同巷道断面形状、巷道断面尺寸、巷道断面宽高比对巷道围岩变形、破坏和应力演化规律的影响。模拟结果表明,各参数对巷道变形破坏影响的显著性次序为巷道断面大小>断面形状>断面宽高比;巷道断面大小是影响巷道变形破坏的最主要因素,断面大小与巷道的变形和破坏呈正相关;椭圆形断面巷道最为稳固,塑性区发育高度和最大垂直位移量显著小于直墙半圆拱断面巷道与矩形断面巷道;断面宽高比对巷道变形破坏影响较小,但对最大垂直应力的产生影响较大。研究揭示了不同巷道断面对巷道围岩变形破坏演化规律,可为煤矿巷道设计提供参考。

Effects of geometric configuration on droplet generation in Y-junctions and anti-Y-junctions microchannels

Droplets generation in Y-junctions and anti-Yjunctions microchannels are experimentally studied using a high speed digital microscopic system and numerical simulation.Geometric configuration of a microchannel,such as Y-angle（90°,135°,-90° and-135°）,channel depth and other factors have been taken into consideration.It is found that droplets generated in anti-Y-junctions have a smaller size and a shorter generation cycle compared with those in Yjunctions under the same experimental conditions.Through observing the internal velocity field,the vortex appearing in continuous phase in anti-Y-junctions is one of the key factors for the difference of droplet size and generation cycle.It is found that droplet size is bigger and generation cycle is longer when the absolute angle value of the intersection between the continuous and the dispersed phases（i.e.,the angle between the main channel and the continuous phase or the dispersed phase channel） increases.The droplet＇s size is influenced by the Y-angle,which varies with the channel depth in Y-junctions.The Y-angle has a positive effect on the droplet generation cycle,but a smaller height-width ratio will enhance the impact of a continuous and dispersed phase＇s intersection angle on the droplet generation cycle in Y-junctions microchannels.

基于分式二次规划的互模糊函数赋形方法

在开展认知雷达波形设计时,由于发射波形与接收滤波器的非匹配体制,互模糊函数赋形相比传统模糊函数赋形优化自由度更高。该文针对强杂波条件下微弱运动目标检测问题,以最大化信干噪比为优化准则,提出了一种联合发射相位编码序列与接收滤波器设计的互模糊函数赋形方法。在恒模约束下,优化问题被建模为二次分式规划形式;然后通过引入辅助变量,并利用共轭梯度法求解Stiefel流形空间上的最小化问题,非凸优化据此转化为恒模约束二次优化问题;通过交替循环和类幂迭代算法求得最优解。此外考虑到发射波形受硬件限制而难以实现严格恒模,该文构建了一种低峰均比约束二次优化问题模型,并利用最近邻向量法求得最优解。最后,不同参数下的仿真与实测数据实验表明,该文赋形方法相较于传统方法具有较高的信干噪比增益和收敛速度。

Analysis of strain variation in cross shear zone of plate during snake hot rolling

In order to study the distribution of equivalent and shear strain of aluminum alloy plate during snake hot rolling, several coupled thermo-mechanical finite element models(FEM) are established. Effects of speed ratio and offset distance on strain distribution of the plate are analyzed. The length of cross shear zone is defined to have a better understanding of the deformation characteristic in cross shear zone, which is the essential difference from symmetrical rolling in deformation zone. The results show that the equivalent strain and shear strain of lower part both increase with the increase of speed ratio, while the upper part decreases; the equivalent strain through the whole thickness decreases with ascending offset distance, while the shear strain of lower part increases. The length of cross shear zone quickly increases with ascending speed ratio and slightly decreases with ascending offset distance. The "positive" and "negative" cross shear zones are formed with the increase of speed ratio and offset distance, respectively. The value of the sensitivity coefficient of speed ratio is an order of magnitude bigger than the offset distance. However, the shear strain at center point increases with the ascending speed ratio and offset distance for different mechanism. As speed ratio increases, the asymmetry of the distribution of equivalent is becoming larger and the shear strain is generated in the same direction in cross shear zone. The FEM results agree well with experimental results.

跨断层扰动协调比异常提取方法与效能评估及其在云南地区的应用

跨断层异常的识别和提取是震情跟踪分析的难点,协调比的计算在兼顾震前断层活动状态内在机理的同时,在异常识别方面也有显著优势,但传统的协调比计算存在因计算起点不同导致结果不一致的问题。通过提出扰动协调比计算方法,用于表征强震发生前可能出现的区域应力场扰动导致断层运动状态偏离背景的现象,分析断层运动状态变化与地震之间的内部联系。以云南地区11处跨断层资料为例,针对川滇地区M≥6.5强震样本开展了震例总结和综合预测指标的提取,通过等信度和非等信度异常识别方式,合成多个预测指标。结果表明:扰动协调比计算方法在跨断层场地异常活动状态的提取中有一定优势,与周边强震存在较好的相关性,对于强震可能发生时间可提供中期尺度的判定依据,预测指标均通过了效能检验。

整体式桥台-RC桩-土体系受力性能

为了探究整体式桥台⁃RC桩⁃土体系的力学性能,以国内某整体桥为背景,设计并制作了4个不同桩基配筋率和截面形状的整体式桥台⁃RC桩模型,并开展整体式桥台⁃RC桩⁃土相互作用低周往复荷载拟静力试验研究,主要研究RC桩配筋率与截面形状对桥台⁃RC桩⁃土体系受力性能的影响,并分析台后土抗力、桩侧土抗力、桩身应变与桩身弯矩的分布规律等。结果表明:在桥台往复位移作用下,距离台背较近处土抗力沿高度方向的分布规律会由“三角形”分布向“抛物线形”分布转变;距离台背较远处的基本呈“三角形”分布;台后土抗力会受到RC桩配筋率和截面形状的影响,提高RC桩的配筋率或采用矩形截面可增大整体式桥台⁃RC桩⁃土体系的整体性;桩身累积变形会影响桩侧土抗力的分布规律,使桩后侧土抗力减小、桩前侧土抗力增大;采用配筋率更大或矩形截面RC桩的试件更不易受累积变形的影响,桥台⁃桩基⁃土体系整体性更好;整体式桥台⁃RC桩在向河跨侧挤压前侧土体运动时,桩身应变和弯矩的分布规律与传统桩基一致;向岸坡侧挤压后侧土体运动时,桩身最大应变和弯矩出现在台底与桩顶连接处。提高RC桩配筋率或采用矩形截面RC桩可有效减小桩身应变和弯矩,改善RC桩基的受力性能。