Overall Selection Design Based on the Mega Highway Bridge Project

In the continuous development of the modern highway and bridge engineering industry,the reasonable selection of mega highway bridges and their design is crucial.Based on this,this paper takes the actual bridge project as an example,and analyses the overall selection design of such highway bridges,including the basic overview of the project,the basic selection principle of mega highway bridge project structure and its design strategy,etc.,to provide scientific reference for its selection design.

Detached-eddy simulation of flow around high-speed train on a bridge under cross winds

In order to describe an investigation of the flow around high-speed train on a bridge under cross winds using detached-eddy simulation(DES), a 1/8th scale model of a three-car high-speed train and a typical bridge model are employed, Numerical wind tunnel technology based on computational fluid dynamics(CFD) is used, and the CFD models are set as stationary models. The Reynolds number of the flow, based on the inflow velocity and the height of the vehicle, is 1.9×10~6. The computations are conducted under three cases, train on the windward track on the bridge(WWC), train on the leeward track on the bridge(LWC) and train on the flat ground(FGC). Commercial software FLUENT is used and the mesh sensitivity research is carried out by three different grids: coarse, medium and fine. Results show that compared with FGC case, the side force coefficients of the head cars for the WWC and LWC cases increases by 14% and 29%, respectively; the coefficients of middle cars for the WWC and LWC increase by 32% and 10%, respectively; and that of the tail car increases by 45% for the WWC whereas decreases by 2% for the LWC case. The most notable thing is that the side force and the rolling moment of the head car are greater for the LWC, while the side force and the rolling moment of the middle car and the tail car are greater for the WWC. Comparing the velocity profiles at different locations, the flow is significantly influenced by the bridge-train system when the air is close to it. For the three cases(WWC, LWC and FGC), the pressure on the windward side of train is mostly positive while that of the leeward side is negative. The discrepancy of train's aerodynamic force is due to the different surface area of positive pressure and negative pressure zone. Many vortices are born on the leeward edge of the roofs. Theses vortices develop downstream, detach and dissipate into the wake region. The eddies develop irregularly, leading to a noticeably turbulent flow at leeward side of train.

Study on the Length of Cross-Bay Bridge at Tieshan Port

To determine the optimal length of the cross-bay bridge at the Tieshan Port and the impact of the bridge on the hydrological environment, a 2-D numerical model is adopted to calculate the variation of tidal level, tidal current field and tidal discharge caused by different lengths of the bridge.

地震-波浪联合作用下考虑冲刷效应的跨海斜拉桥振动台试验研究

针对跨海桥梁服役期内可能遭受地震、波浪以及冲刷效应影响的问题,开展地震与波浪联合作用下考虑冲刷效应的跨海斜拉桥振动台试验,研究地震与波浪联合作用下冲刷效应对斜拉桥动力特性及关键截面动力响应(加速度、位移和应变)的影响规律。研究表明:随着冲刷深度的增加,斜拉桥自振频率逐渐降低;冲刷深度的增加,降低了桥塔桩基础侧向约束,引起地震与波浪联合作用下桩顶动力响应明显增大,且增幅比其他位置更为显著;边墩墩顶加速度和相对位移均大于辅助墩墩顶,桥墩抗震设计时,应采用不同配筋率和不同的截面尺寸对边墩和辅助墩开展差异化设计;考虑冲刷效应明显增大了地震与波浪联合作用下塔底、边墩和辅助墩墩底等关键截面的应变,相较于无冲刷工况,大冲刷工况下塔底、边墩及辅助墩墩底应变分别增加39%、36%和42%,抗震设计时应高度重视。

台风登陆期间跨海大桥风-浪-流作用结构振动分析

台风登陆时,常诱发狂风、巨浪、风暴潮等自然灾害,威胁跨海大桥的安全。开展台风登陆期间跨海大桥风-浪-流多灾害作用随机振动分析对桥梁结构设计及安全运营有重要作用。首先,介绍台风登陆期间的风-浪-流多灾害数值模拟技术,利用台风混合风场模型驱动SWAN+ADCIRC波流耦合模型实现桥址海域台风期间的风、浪、潮、流模拟。然后,总结了风、浪、潮、流荷载的计算方法,其中风荷载采用了台风风谱,波浪荷载考虑台风波浪谱及各墩非一致激励。以某跨海公铁两用大桥为例,基于台风“艾利”期间的环境参数模拟结果,并借助有限元软件ANSYS开展跨海大桥多灾害作用振动分析。研究结果表明,长期响应的统计特征可利用每次10 min的30次短期随机时程分析结果均值作为代表值,桥梁短期动力响应极值服从广义极值分布;考虑风向、波向变化对桥梁随机振动分析结果影响显著。

Comparative analysis of cast-in-place post-tensioned and steel-concrete composite bridge bent caps

The complexity of the IH-635 Managed Lanes Project, located in Dallas County, Texas, posed several technical and constructive challenges, leading to the adoption of solutions different from the traditional. Two alternative solutions for the pier cap on one of the bridge crossings over IH-35E in the IH-635 project were analyzed in this case study, a cast-in-place post-tensioned concrete cap and an innovative prefabricated steel-concrete com- posite cap. The approach was to use an estimation of direct costs for material and labor and consideration of con- struction time schedules. A supplementary numerical modeling confirmed that both alternatives behave elasti- cally under imposed loads. The direct cost of material and labor for the two alternatives were close. However, the composite alternative required 13 days less construction time, resulting in substantial cost savings from traffic closing in the very busy traffic corridor. Traffic closing costs were substantially higher than the direct costs, especially for the post-tensioned cap. The quantification of the benefits allows more confidence in the utilization of the composites caps, leading to faster completion of bridge projects and substantial economic savings.

不同截面形式钢-混组合梁桥面板横向受力性能分析

为研究不同截面形式对钢-混组合梁桥面板横向弯曲效应的影响,以山东九龙东枢纽天桥为背景进行研究。采用有限元软件建立4种截面主梁(波形钢腹板工字梁、波形钢腹板箱梁、平钢板工字梁及混凝土箱梁)精细化模型,对比分析轮载作用数量、轮载横向作用位置对桥面板有效分布宽度的影响,同时对自重、轮载作用以及二者共同作用下的桥面板横向弯矩进行分析,并与《公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范》(JTG 3362—2018,简称《桥规》)计算值进行对比。结果表明:双轮载作用下的桥面板有效分布宽度明显大于单轮载作用下的桥面板有效分布宽度,横向设计时应考虑轮载作用数量对桥面板安全设计的影响;钢-混组合梁桥面板有效分布宽度计算时,当轮载作用在横向跨中、支承附近处,采用《桥规》计算,当轮载作用在支承、悬臂板处,建议桥面板有效分布宽度修正系数分别取0.60、1.50;建议波形钢腹板工字梁、波形钢腹板箱梁、平钢板工字梁桥面板弯矩修正系数在轮载作用下分别取0.60、0.60、0.65,在自重、轮载共同作用下分别取0.55、0.55、0.60。

Admiration and Doubt—Comparing Crossing Brooklyn Ferry and To Brooklyn Bridge

American poet, Walt Whitman and Harold Hart Crane both write poems about the place connecting Brooklyn and Manhattan, in Crossing Brooklyn Ferry and To Brooklyn Bridge respectively. By comparing the similarities of these two poems, this paper analyses the two poets’ attitudes towards the development of modern society, finding that both poets not only show admiration for modern society but also doubt about the fast development. It aims to reveal the influence of fast development of modern society on people’s mentality.

人字形桥塔-横撑体系受力分析及优化布置方案比选

对某桥主塔工程的桥塔-横撑体系进行受力分析,利用应力、位移、施工难度等指标综合讨论了以横撑位置与初始力为指标的3种不同桥塔-横撑体系对曲线桥塔线形控制的影响。桥塔施工采用顶升托架同步施工,对横撑受力进行实时监测。曲线桥塔在浇筑过程中必须考虑重力、温度对其线形的影响,通过设置预拱度及横撑等方式确保成桥线形符合设计要求。桥塔横梁施工支撑方案要进行优化设计,利用位移与应力的综合影响确定合理的支撑方案。该桥塔-横撑体系的稳定性与施工可行性满足实际需求,可为桥塔的顺利修建提供技术支撑。

Non-stationary Buffeting Response Analysis of Long Span Suspension Bridge Under Strong Wind Loading

The non-stationary buffeting response of long span suspension bridge in time domain under strong wind loading is computed. Modeling method for generating non-stationary fluctuating winds with probabilistic model for non-stationary strong wind fields is first presented. Non-stationary wind forces induced by strong winds on bridge deck and tower are then given a brief introduction. Finally,Non-stationary buffeting response of Pulite Bridge in China,a long span suspension bridge,is computed by using ANSYS software under four working conditions with different combination of time-varying mean wind and time-varying variance. The case study further confirms that it is necessity of considering non-stationary buffeting response for long span suspension bridge under strong wind loading,rather than only stationary buffeting response.

变截面连续钢-混凝土组合梁桥拼宽设计研究

为促进钢-混凝土组合梁结构在公路改扩建工程中的应用,文章以扬溧高速丹徒枢纽主线上跨沪宁高速主线桥拼宽设计为例,对老桥采用钢-混凝土结构进行拼宽设计。解决桥梁净空受限、新老桥变形协调、施工周期控制严格等问题,能为国内同类桥梁的拼宽设计提供借鉴。

悬索-斜拉协作体系桥梁总体设计

韶关某跨江桥受航道和用地条件边界约束,桥梁跨径组合采用(23+340+23)m,全宽8.2 m,主跨恒载总重量达1500t;本桥边中跨比例远超出常规大跨桥型跨径比例范围,如何选择合理的桥型方案直接影响桥梁的安全性和经济性。为探索特殊条件下的桥梁设计方案,构造出一种新型地锚式悬索-斜拉协作体系结构;340m中跨采用单主缆悬索体系,23m边跨采用斜拉背索体系,主缆和背索通过塔顶钢锚箱平衡边中跨拉力;通过设置小角度微型抗风缆,有效解决了通航净空受限条件下抗风缆布置难题。通过方案比较和结构分析表明,在特定的条件下,采用背索斜拉-主跨悬索协作体系合理可行,为今后大跨桥梁建设,提供了可靠的参考和借鉴。

Application of LRB isolation technology in continuous girder bridges

This paper summarizes the superiority of lead-rubber beating （LRB） continuous girder bridges. The research method for isolation performance is discussed when pile-soil interaction is considered. By the finite element method and self-compiling program, a systematic study of the reliability of LRB continuous girder bridges is given by the use of different indicators, including the riding comfort of the LRB system, the pounding and dynamic stability when the LRB system is subjected to seismic excitations, and the reliability of the LRB system when subjected to other common horizontal loads. The results show that the LRB system has obvious advantages over the traditional continuous girder structure. The LRB isolation effect remains good even when pile-soil interaction is considered; the vertical rigidity of the LRB guarantees desirable riding comfort. The LRB demonstrates good reliability when subjected to the effects of braking, wind loads and temperature. However, it is also pointed out that the pounding of the LRB system subjected to earthquakes must be avoided, and the dynamic stability may be reduced when the LRB system has higher piers and generates a larger displacement in a strong earthquake. Useful advice and guidance are proposed for engineering application.

整体式桥台-RC桩-土体系受力性能

为了探究整体式桥台⁃RC桩⁃土体系的力学性能,以国内某整体桥为背景,设计并制作了4个不同桩基配筋率和截面形状的整体式桥台⁃RC桩模型,并开展整体式桥台⁃RC桩⁃土相互作用低周往复荷载拟静力试验研究,主要研究RC桩配筋率与截面形状对桥台⁃RC桩⁃土体系受力性能的影响,并分析台后土抗力、桩侧土抗力、桩身应变与桩身弯矩的分布规律等。结果表明:在桥台往复位移作用下,距离台背较近处土抗力沿高度方向的分布规律会由“三角形”分布向“抛物线形”分布转变;距离台背较远处的基本呈“三角形”分布;台后土抗力会受到RC桩配筋率和截面形状的影响,提高RC桩的配筋率或采用矩形截面可增大整体式桥台⁃RC桩⁃土体系的整体性;桩身累积变形会影响桩侧土抗力的分布规律,使桩后侧土抗力减小、桩前侧土抗力增大;采用配筋率更大或矩形截面RC桩的试件更不易受累积变形的影响,桥台⁃桩基⁃土体系整体性更好;整体式桥台⁃RC桩在向河跨侧挤压前侧土体运动时,桩身应变和弯矩的分布规律与传统桩基一致;向岸坡侧挤压后侧土体运动时,桩身最大应变和弯矩出现在台底与桩顶连接处。提高RC桩配筋率或采用矩形截面RC桩可有效减小桩身应变和弯矩,改善RC桩基的受力性能。

轨道交通变截面箱梁-U形梁组合连续梁桥受力特性分析

以1座变截面箱梁-U形梁组合连续梁桥为研究对象,采用通用有限元程序ABAQUS建立该桥的数值仿真分析模型,对其在不同工况下的受力特性进行分析,探究桥梁在各项荷载作用下的应力分布特征以及结构变形情况。结果表明:单项荷载作用下,U形梁腹板在承受正弯矩的区段上部内倾、下部外倾,而在承受负弯矩的区段,变形情况则相反;荷载组合作用下,中支点处U形梁与箱梁的连接导致局部刚度突变,使得该处的道床板呈现与悬臂板类似的受力状态。

Effect of temperature difference load of 32 m simply supported box beam bridge on track vertical irregularity

In order to study the effect of temperature difference load （TDL） along the vertical direction of a simply supported beam bridge section on the vertical irregularity, a rail-bridge-piers calculation model was established. Taking 32 m simply supported box beam bridge which is widely used in the construction of pas- senger dedicated line in China as an example, influences of the temperature variation between the bottom and top of the bridge, temperature curve index, type of temperature gradient, and beam height on track vertical irregularity were analyzed with the model. The results show that TDL has more effects on long wave track irregularity than on short one, and the wavelength mainly affected is approxi- mately equal to the beam span. The amplitude of irregu- larity caused by TDL is largely affected by the temperature variation, temperature curve index, and type of temperature gradient, so it is necessary to monitor the temperaturedistribution of bridges in different regions to provide accurate calculation parameters. In order to avoid the irregularity exceeding the limit values, the height of 32, 48, and 64 m simply supported box beam bridges must not be less than 2.15, 3.2, and 4.05 m, respectively.

Effects of polar cortical cytoskeleton and unbalanced cortical surface tension on intercellular bridge thinning during cytokinesis

To probe the contributions of polar cortical cytoskeleton and the surface tension of daughter cells to intercellular bridge thinning dynamics during cytokinesis,we applied cytochalasin D（CD） or colchicine（COLC） in a highly localized manner to polar regions of dividing normal rat kidney（NRK） cells.We observed cellular morphological changes and analyzed the intercellular bridge thinning trajectories of dividing cells with different polar cortical characteristics.Global blebbistatin（BS） application was used to obtain cells losing active contractile force groups.Our results show that locally released CD or colchicine at the polar region caused inhibition of cytokinesis before ingression.Similar treatment at phases after ingression allowed completion of cytokinesis but dramatically influenced the trajectories of intercellular bridge thinning.Disturbing single polar cortical actin induced transformation of the intercellular bridge thinning process,and polar cortical tension controlled deformation time of intercellular bridges.Our study provides a feasible framework to induce and analyze the effects of local changes in mechanical properties of cellular components on single cellular cytokinesis.

The New Arched Bridge over Dnipro in Kyiv

The Podilskyi Arch bridge is crossing the Dnipro River in center of Kiev and is part of a 7.4 km long link which connects the center of Kiev with the “sleeping district” on the left bank of the river. The bridge has a main span of 344 m intended for six lanes of vehicles in the top level and two metro lines in the bottom level plus large diameter water pipes. The bridge is of steel, except of the reinforced concrete bases of the lower parts of the arches. The draft design works began in 1991 and in 2005 parallel design and construction work started. Due to the financial crisis in Ukraine, the work was interrupted for several years but construction recommenced in 2018 and the bridge is now planned to be completed in 2020 and the first stage of the transition in 2022.

基于FCM-CSIs的跨海铁路大桥投资分析及施工组织优化研究

杭州湾跨海铁路大桥是一座集大跨、长联和高墩为一体的超长跨海高速铁路桥梁集群,建成后将是世界上最长大的高速铁路跨海桥梁。项目建设条件复杂,施工条件恶劣,现场有效作业时间短,施工组织及投资控制难度大。为科学合理编制概预算和施工组织方案,控制工程投资,指导设计和施工,需利用数学模型方法开展投资分析及施工组织优化研究。结合杭州湾跨海大桥特点,基于模糊C均值聚类模型FCM,根据桥梁结构形式、桥梁跨度等因素将15个桥梁区段聚合为航道桥、深水区引桥、浅滩区引桥等5类。利用显著性成本分析CSIs方法,识别出钢管桩、混凝土箱梁和钢围堰是影响跨海大桥成本的显著项目。基于灵敏度分析方法,识别出施工用电、钢管桩、混凝土、钢筋、钢桁梁、钢围堰以及大型运输船等7类因素是影响项目造价的敏感因素。研究结果表明:利用模糊C均值聚类模型,可有效减少杭州湾跨海大桥投资分析段落,降低投资分析难度;利用显著性成本分析可有效识别影响跨海大桥成本的关键部位,为合理编制施工组织方案、降低工程投资提供可靠依据。研究成果可用于识别复杂重点工程的关键部位和影响成本的关键因素,有效节约工程投资,合理编制施工组织方案,为类似项目提供新的思路和借鉴。

车辆参数对车-桥耦合系统变截面连续梁桥损伤识别的影响

文章研究车-桥耦合系统的非线性振动特性,采用有限分段思想,建立1/4车辆模型和变截面连续梁桥的车-桥耦合振动方程,在MATLAB环境下编制基于Runge-Kutta算法的车-桥耦合振动数值分析程序,得到桥梁跨中位移响应;以某三跨混凝土连续梁桥为算例,分析车桥质量比、车辆速度、车辆弹簧刚度、信噪比4组参数的变化对变截面连续梁桥损伤识别的影响。结果发现:车桥质量比和信噪比较大时,桥梁损伤识别效果较好;较低的行车速度有利于桥梁的损伤识别研究;车辆弹簧刚度的影响非常小,可忽略不计。