目的:探讨体重校正腰围指数(weight-adjusted waist index,WWI)与美国成人急性、亚急性、慢性疼痛之间的相关性。方法:采用横断面研究,提取1999—2004年美国国家卫生和营养检查调查(National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,N...目的:探讨体重校正腰围指数(weight-adjusted waist index,WWI)与美国成人急性、亚急性、慢性疼痛之间的相关性。方法:采用横断面研究,提取1999—2004年美国国家卫生和营养检查调查(National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,NHANES)数据库中关于成人腰围、体质量和疼痛等变量,及性别、年龄、种族、婚姻状况、教育水平、家庭收入、体力活动情况、饮酒、吸烟和糖尿病患病状况等协变量数据。采用多分类Logistic回归分析构建3种模型,评估WWI与急性、亚急性和慢性疼痛之间的相关性。模型1未对协变量进行校正,模型2对年龄、性别、种族、婚姻状况、教育水平和家庭收入情况进行校正,模型3进一步校正了体力活动、饮酒、吸烟和糖尿病患病情况等所有协变量。结果:共纳入12694例参与者,平均年龄为(50.8±18.7)岁,其中9614例(75.74%)未出现超过24 h的疼痛,870例(6.85%)出现急性疼痛,354例(2.79%)出现亚急性疼痛,1856例(14.62%)出现慢性疼痛。所有参与者的WWI为(10.95±0.85)cm/kg,根据WWI的四分位数分为4组:Q1组为(7.90~10.36)cm/kg,Q2组为(10.37~10.94)cm/kg,Q3组为(10.95~11.53)cm/kg,Q4组为(11.54~15.20)cm/kg。随着WWI的增加,参与者的急性、慢性疼痛状态的差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。模型1中,与Q1组相比,Q2组和Q4组的急性疼痛风险降低(Q2组:OR=0.765,95%CI:0.615~0.953,P=0.017;Q4组:OR=0.648,95%CI:0.503~0.835,P<0.001);与Q1组相比,Q2组、Q3组和Q4组的慢性疼痛风险均增加(Q2组:OR=1.365,95%CI:1.149~1.622,P<0.001;Q3组:OR=1.291,95%CI:1.082~1.541,P=0.005;Q4组:OR=1.874,95%CI:1.579~2.224,P<0.001)。模型2中,与Q1组相比,其他3组慢性疼痛风险增加(Q2组:OR=1.359,95%CI:1.137~1.624,P=0.001;Q3组:OR=1.260,95%CI:1.039~1.528,P=0.019;Q4组:OR=1.735,95%CI:1.413~2.132,P<0.001)。模型3中与Q1组相比,Q4组的慢性疼痛风险增加49.2%(OR=1.492,95%CI:1.208~1.842,P<0.001)。在模型2和模型3中,急性疼痛与WWI未见相关性(均P>0.05);3个模型均未发现亚急性疼痛与WWI存在相关性(均P>0.05)。结论:WWI与美国成人急性疼痛、亚急性疼痛之间未见明显相关性,但随着WWI的增加,慢性疼痛风险增加,所以有必要通过大规模前瞻性研究进一步验证这一结论。展开更多
Ozone is a green house gas. Ozone absorption cross sections have been reported with discrepancies and inconsistencies. In this paper, simultaneous effects of the optical path length and temperature variations on ozone...Ozone is a green house gas. Ozone absorption cross sections have been reported with discrepancies and inconsistencies. In this paper, simultaneous effects of the optical path length and temperature variations on ozone gas absorption cross sections are investigated at different wavelengths. HITRAN 2012, the latest available line list on spectralcalc.com simulator, is used in this study to simulate ozone gas absorption cross sections in relation to the simultaneous effects of the optical path length and temperature at the wavelengths of 603 nm and 575 nm. Results obtained for gas cells with the optical path length from 10 cm to 120 cm show that the decrease in temperatures from 313 K to 103 K results in the increase in ozone gas absorption cross sections. At wavelengths of 603 nm and 575 nm, the percentage increase of ozone gas absorption cross sections is 1.22% and 0.71%, respectively. Results obtained in this study show that in the visible spectrum, at constant pressure, ozone gas absorption cross sections are dependent on the temperature and wavelength but do not depend on the optical path length. Analysis in this work addresses discrepancies in ozone gas absorption cross sections in relation to the temperature in the visible spectrum; thus, the results can be applied to get optimal configuration of high accuracy ozone gas sensors.展开更多
Six characteristics, i.e., hull color, chaff and leaf pubescences, length of 1st and 2nd rachis, grain length/width ratio andphenol reaction, of rice progenies from indica and japonica crossing were studied using the ...Six characteristics, i.e., hull color, chaff and leaf pubescences, length of 1st and 2nd rachis, grain length/width ratio andphenol reaction, of rice progenies from indica and japonica crossing were studied using the Chengs index classificationmethod. The results indicated that F1 generations performed more like indica, while F2 generations were approximately ina normal distribution. Both of the rice progenies were more affected by indica and female parents than by japonica andmale parents. Among the six Chengs index traits of the parents and F1 generations, and between the traits and Chengsindexes, significant correlations (both at a=0.05 and a=0.01) were found in most cases. No significant correlations werefound among the 6 Chengs index traits of F2 generations in most cases, but significant correlations (a=0.01) existedbetween these traits and Chengs indexes. The six Chengs index traits of F2 ranged successively, and many individualsshowed over-parent genetics, with the same trends in both direct cross and reciprocal cross. Among the 6 index traits,chaff and leaf pubescences almost presented in a two-peak value, while the others in a mono-peak value. The hull color,phenol reaction and length of 1st and 2nd rachis were distributed in deviation, with the first two traits presented more injaponica individuals and the last trait more in indica. The grain length/width ratios were nearly in a normal distribution.展开更多
This paper studies the re-adjusted cross-validation method and a semiparametric regression model called the varying index coefficient model. We use the profile spline modal estimator method to estimate the coefficient...This paper studies the re-adjusted cross-validation method and a semiparametric regression model called the varying index coefficient model. We use the profile spline modal estimator method to estimate the coefficients of the parameter part of the Varying Index Coefficient Model (VICM), while the unknown function part uses the B-spline to expand. Moreover, we combine the above two estimation methods under the assumption of high-dimensional data. The results of data simulation and empirical analysis show that for the varying index coefficient model, the re-adjusted cross-validation method is better in terms of accuracy and stability than traditional methods based on ordinary least squares.展开更多
Dengue is one of the most prominent tropical epidemic diseases present in the Rio de Janeiro city and Southeast part of Brazil, due to the widespread conditions of occurrence of the dengue vector, the mosquito Aedesae...Dengue is one of the most prominent tropical epidemic diseases present in the Rio de Janeiro city and Southeast part of Brazil, due to the widespread conditions of occurrence of the dengue vector, the mosquito Aedesaegypti, such as high-temperature days interlaced with afternoon or nocturnal rainstorms in summer. This work has the objective of investigating the relationships between variabilities of the El Ni?o-South Oscillation (ENSO) and greater epidemics of dengue in Rio de Janeiro city. To accomplish this goal, the analysis and signal decomposition by cross-wavelet transform (WT) was applied to obtain the cross variability associated with variations of power and phase of both signals by characteristic periods and along with the time series. Data considered in the analysis are (the decimal logarithm of normalized value) of the monthly available notifications of dengue worsening, provided by the public health system of Brazil, and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) Ni?o 3.4 data, provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), in the period 2000-2017. A maximum cross-wavelet power close to 0.45 was obtained for the representative period of 1 year and also to periods between 3 and 4 years, associated with the positive phase of the SOI index (i.e. , La Ni?a) or with a transition to the positive phase. The evolution of the combined variability of SOI and dengue can be expressed by progressive differences in phase along the time, eventually resulting in yielding phases (i.e., La Niña-Dengue epidemic).展开更多
文摘目的:探讨体重校正腰围指数(weight-adjusted waist index,WWI)与美国成人急性、亚急性、慢性疼痛之间的相关性。方法:采用横断面研究,提取1999—2004年美国国家卫生和营养检查调查(National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,NHANES)数据库中关于成人腰围、体质量和疼痛等变量,及性别、年龄、种族、婚姻状况、教育水平、家庭收入、体力活动情况、饮酒、吸烟和糖尿病患病状况等协变量数据。采用多分类Logistic回归分析构建3种模型,评估WWI与急性、亚急性和慢性疼痛之间的相关性。模型1未对协变量进行校正,模型2对年龄、性别、种族、婚姻状况、教育水平和家庭收入情况进行校正,模型3进一步校正了体力活动、饮酒、吸烟和糖尿病患病情况等所有协变量。结果:共纳入12694例参与者,平均年龄为(50.8±18.7)岁,其中9614例(75.74%)未出现超过24 h的疼痛,870例(6.85%)出现急性疼痛,354例(2.79%)出现亚急性疼痛,1856例(14.62%)出现慢性疼痛。所有参与者的WWI为(10.95±0.85)cm/kg,根据WWI的四分位数分为4组:Q1组为(7.90~10.36)cm/kg,Q2组为(10.37~10.94)cm/kg,Q3组为(10.95~11.53)cm/kg,Q4组为(11.54~15.20)cm/kg。随着WWI的增加,参与者的急性、慢性疼痛状态的差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。模型1中,与Q1组相比,Q2组和Q4组的急性疼痛风险降低(Q2组:OR=0.765,95%CI:0.615~0.953,P=0.017;Q4组:OR=0.648,95%CI:0.503~0.835,P<0.001);与Q1组相比,Q2组、Q3组和Q4组的慢性疼痛风险均增加(Q2组:OR=1.365,95%CI:1.149~1.622,P<0.001;Q3组:OR=1.291,95%CI:1.082~1.541,P=0.005;Q4组:OR=1.874,95%CI:1.579~2.224,P<0.001)。模型2中,与Q1组相比,其他3组慢性疼痛风险增加(Q2组:OR=1.359,95%CI:1.137~1.624,P=0.001;Q3组:OR=1.260,95%CI:1.039~1.528,P=0.019;Q4组:OR=1.735,95%CI:1.413~2.132,P<0.001)。模型3中与Q1组相比,Q4组的慢性疼痛风险增加49.2%(OR=1.492,95%CI:1.208~1.842,P<0.001)。在模型2和模型3中,急性疼痛与WWI未见相关性(均P>0.05);3个模型均未发现亚急性疼痛与WWI存在相关性(均P>0.05)。结论:WWI与美国成人急性疼痛、亚急性疼痛之间未见明显相关性,但随着WWI的增加,慢性疼痛风险增加,所以有必要通过大规模前瞻性研究进一步验证这一结论。
基金supported by Universiti Teknologi Malaysia under Research University Grant Scheme under Grant No.05J60 and No.04H35Ministry of Higher Education under Fundamental Research Grant Scheme under Grant No.4F317 and No.4F565Nigerian Education Trust Fund under Tertiary Education Trust Fund
文摘Ozone is a green house gas. Ozone absorption cross sections have been reported with discrepancies and inconsistencies. In this paper, simultaneous effects of the optical path length and temperature variations on ozone gas absorption cross sections are investigated at different wavelengths. HITRAN 2012, the latest available line list on spectralcalc.com simulator, is used in this study to simulate ozone gas absorption cross sections in relation to the simultaneous effects of the optical path length and temperature at the wavelengths of 603 nm and 575 nm. Results obtained for gas cells with the optical path length from 10 cm to 120 cm show that the decrease in temperatures from 313 K to 103 K results in the increase in ozone gas absorption cross sections. At wavelengths of 603 nm and 575 nm, the percentage increase of ozone gas absorption cross sections is 1.22% and 0.71%, respectively. Results obtained in this study show that in the visible spectrum, at constant pressure, ozone gas absorption cross sections are dependent on the temperature and wavelength but do not depend on the optical path length. Analysis in this work addresses discrepancies in ozone gas absorption cross sections in relation to the temperature in the visible spectrum; thus, the results can be applied to get optimal configuration of high accuracy ozone gas sensors.
基金financed by the National Natural science Foundation of China(30370866)863 Program of China
文摘Six characteristics, i.e., hull color, chaff and leaf pubescences, length of 1st and 2nd rachis, grain length/width ratio andphenol reaction, of rice progenies from indica and japonica crossing were studied using the Chengs index classificationmethod. The results indicated that F1 generations performed more like indica, while F2 generations were approximately ina normal distribution. Both of the rice progenies were more affected by indica and female parents than by japonica andmale parents. Among the six Chengs index traits of the parents and F1 generations, and between the traits and Chengsindexes, significant correlations (both at a=0.05 and a=0.01) were found in most cases. No significant correlations werefound among the 6 Chengs index traits of F2 generations in most cases, but significant correlations (a=0.01) existedbetween these traits and Chengs indexes. The six Chengs index traits of F2 ranged successively, and many individualsshowed over-parent genetics, with the same trends in both direct cross and reciprocal cross. Among the 6 index traits,chaff and leaf pubescences almost presented in a two-peak value, while the others in a mono-peak value. The hull color,phenol reaction and length of 1st and 2nd rachis were distributed in deviation, with the first two traits presented more injaponica individuals and the last trait more in indica. The grain length/width ratios were nearly in a normal distribution.
文摘This paper studies the re-adjusted cross-validation method and a semiparametric regression model called the varying index coefficient model. We use the profile spline modal estimator method to estimate the coefficients of the parameter part of the Varying Index Coefficient Model (VICM), while the unknown function part uses the B-spline to expand. Moreover, we combine the above two estimation methods under the assumption of high-dimensional data. The results of data simulation and empirical analysis show that for the varying index coefficient model, the re-adjusted cross-validation method is better in terms of accuracy and stability than traditional methods based on ordinary least squares.
文摘Dengue is one of the most prominent tropical epidemic diseases present in the Rio de Janeiro city and Southeast part of Brazil, due to the widespread conditions of occurrence of the dengue vector, the mosquito Aedesaegypti, such as high-temperature days interlaced with afternoon or nocturnal rainstorms in summer. This work has the objective of investigating the relationships between variabilities of the El Ni?o-South Oscillation (ENSO) and greater epidemics of dengue in Rio de Janeiro city. To accomplish this goal, the analysis and signal decomposition by cross-wavelet transform (WT) was applied to obtain the cross variability associated with variations of power and phase of both signals by characteristic periods and along with the time series. Data considered in the analysis are (the decimal logarithm of normalized value) of the monthly available notifications of dengue worsening, provided by the public health system of Brazil, and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) Ni?o 3.4 data, provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), in the period 2000-2017. A maximum cross-wavelet power close to 0.45 was obtained for the representative period of 1 year and also to periods between 3 and 4 years, associated with the positive phase of the SOI index (i.e. , La Ni?a) or with a transition to the positive phase. The evolution of the combined variability of SOI and dengue can be expressed by progressive differences in phase along the time, eventually resulting in yielding phases (i.e., La Niña-Dengue epidemic).
