Influences of the Helical Strake Cross-Section Shape on Vortex-Induced Vibrations Suppression for A Long Flexible Cylinder

An experimental study on a bare flexible cylinder as well as cylinders fitted with two types of cross-sectioned helical strakes was carried out in a towing tank. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of strakes’ cross-section on the vortex-induced vibrations （VIV） suppression of a flexible cylinder. The square-sectioned and round-sectioned helical strakes were selected in the experimental tests. The uniform current was generated by towing the cylinder models along the tank using a towing carriage. The Reynolds number was in the range of 800–16000. The strain responses were measured by the strain gages in cross-flow （CF） and in-line （IL） directions. A modal analysis method was adopted to obtain the displacement responses using the strain signals in different measurement positions. The comparison of the experimental results among the bare cylinder, square-sectioned straked cylinder and round-sectioned straked cylinder was performed. The helical strakes can effectively reduce the strain amplitude, displacement amplitude, response frequencies and dominant modes of a flexible cylinder excited by VIV. And the mean drag coefficients of straked cylinders were approximately consistent with each other. In addition, the square-sectioned and round-sectioned strakes nearly share the similar VIV reduction behaviors. Sometimes, the strakes with round-section represent more excellent effects on the VIV suppression of response frequency than those with square-section.

The Optimal Cross-section Design of the “Trapezoid-V” Shaped Drainage Canal of Viscous Debris Flow

Debris flow drainage canal is one of the most widely used engineering measures to prevent and manage debris flow hazards.The shape and the sizes of the cross-section are important parameters when design debris flow drainage canal.Therefore,how to design the appropriate shape and sizes of the cross-section so that the drainage canal can have the optimal drainage capacity is very important and few researched at home and abroad.This study was conducted to analyze the hydraulic condition of a Trapezoid-V shaped drainage canal and optimize its cross-section.By assuming characteristic sizes of the cross-section,the paper deduced the configuration parameter of the cross-section of a Trapezoid-V shaped debris flow drainage canal.By theory analysis,it indicates that the optimal configuration parameter is only related to the side slope coefficient and the bottom transverse slope coefficient.For this study,the Heishui Gully,a first-order tributary of the lower Jinsha River,was used as an example to design the optimal cross-section of the drainage canal of debris flow.

Optimization of Cross-sectional Shapes of the Bi-2223/Ag Wires before Flat Rolling

Rolling process plays an important role in the manufacture of Bi-based high temperature superconductor tapes, and the plastic flow regularities of the superconducting wires during deformation will directly affect the ultimate quality of the tapes. In order to investigate the effect of cross-sectional shapes before fiat rolling on the performance and homogeneity of the tapes, some numerical models of Bi-2223/Ag wires with different cross-sectional shapes including circular, square, elliptical and racetrack cross-sections are constructed during the rolling process. By comparing the relative density, logarithmic strain ratio and length-width ratio on the filaments, it is revealed that Bi-2223/Ag wire with special-shaped cross-section can achieve better conductivity than the round wire, in particular, the racetrack cross-sectional wire has the second best performance among four wires. Based on material processability and experimental condition, tri-pass racetrack drawing technique is employed to optimize the process and obtain racetrack cross-sectional wire. The rolling process of Bi-2223/Ag wire with racetrack cross-section causes more intensive deformation of filaments in the center of the tape and achieves the filaments with larger length-width ratio. Also, the deformation distribution of filaments verifies the numerical results. Consequently, the racetrack drawing technique can be utilized for a reference during the mechanical processing and to increase the current transmission capacities of Bi-2223/Ag tapes.

Optimal Cross-Sectional Shape of Gas/Air Ducts

In industrial plants, ships, and buildings, a large amount of gas and air ducts are applied for equipment connection, HVAC, medium transport, and exhaust, etc. These ducts can be designed in varied cross-sectional shapes, such as round or rectangle. The author reveals through geometric calculation of the duct cross-sectional shapes and engineering experiences that the round cross-section is an optimal shape in the duct system. The round duct has the shorter perimeter than the other cross-sectional shape ducts and the stronger structure in the same working condition. The material saving of the round duct due to the shorter perimeter is quantitatively determined. In the pater, it is shown that the round duct is economically attractive. The economic analysis for the material cost saving is illustrated by an example. For a long duct system, the material and material cost savings are significant. It is suggested that the round duct in the gas and air duct system should have priority as long as the field conditions are allowed. In the paper, the material cost saving is also converted to PW, AW, and FW used for LCC economic analysis.

Analysis of the mass of behind-armor debris generated by RHA subjected to normal penetration of variable cross-section EFP

Analyzing the mass of behind-armor debris (BAD) generated by Rolled Homogeneous Armor (RHA) subjected to normal penetration of variable cross-section Explosively Formed Projectile (EFP) is the purpose of this paper. So theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental data are combined to analyze the influence of variable cross-section characteristic on the time history of crater radius. Moreover the relationships between time history of crater radius (as well as mass of BAD) and the thickness of RHA (from 30mm to 70 mm) and the impact velocity of EFP (1650 m/s to 1860 m/s) are also investigated. The results indicate that: 1) being compared to the variable cross-section characteristic is ignored, the theoretical time history of crater radius is in better agreement with the simulation results when the variable cross-section characteristic is considered;2) being compared to the other three conditions of plug, the theoretical mass of BAD is in the best agreement with the simulation results when the shape of plug is frustum of a cone and the angle between generatrix and bottom is 45- and the axial length of mushroom is considered.

Study of LHCD in HL-2A Non-Circular Cross Section Tokamak

Using the Grad-Shafranov equation, the magnetic configuration is obtained. With this configuration, Brambilla＇s ray tracing theory has been used to study the propagation of LH waves. The qualitative study of the feasibility of LHCD in the non-circular cross section tokamak HL-2A is made. The optimized current drive method is discussed.

冷冻剑结构对块冰机制冰性能影响的数值模拟

目的:在直冷式块冰机冰模蒸发器内部增设冷冻剑以实现快速制冰。方法:使用COMSOL模拟冷冻剑截面形状及冷冻剑倾角对制冰过程的影响。结果:随着制冰过程的持续进行,增设不同截面形状冷冻剑的冰模内部平均温度不断降低,冰模内固相体积分数也随时间而增加,但在相同时间内增设圆形截面冷冻剑的冰模内部平均温度要比三角形、矩形和菱形低0.1~0.2℃。此外,冷冻剑倾角越小制冰速率越快。结论:冷冻剑截面形状为圆形或近圆形时,制冰速率较快;且在保证便于脱冰的前提下,应尽可能减小冷冻剑倾角。

截面型式及槽宽比对高填明洞土压力影响分析

利用离散元软件PFC2D,考虑到土体的离散性与不均匀性,通过分析洞顶平均竖向土压力、内外土柱相对沉降差以及颗粒间接触力链的变化规律,探讨截面型式(矩形、1/4拱形、1/2拱形)及槽宽比(B/b=1.5∶1,2∶1,3∶1,4∶1)变化对高填黄土明洞土压力的影响,结合顾安全公式,分析高填明洞沉降差与土压力间的函数关系,并修正该函数,使其可以适用与不同的截面型式与槽宽比下的高填明洞。结果表明:(1)B/b确定,明洞采用矩形截面时,接触力链在洞顶分布,平均土压力更大,明洞采用拱形截面时,平均土压力更小,但拱顶存在局部应力集中现象;(2)明洞截面型式一定,随着B/b的增大,洞顶平均竖向土压力与沉降差均随之增大,当B/b较小时,边坡作用增强,外侧土柱沉降降低,对内土柱的作用力变小,从而导致明洞顶竖向土压力更小;(3)内外土柱沉降差与附加土压力呈线性相关,相对于矩形截面,拱形截面下较小的沉降差会产生相同的附加土压力,更有利于结构的稳定。

试样形状对含倾斜软弱夹层复合岩体力学性质的影响

为研究试样形状对含有倾斜软弱夹层的复合岩体力学性质与破坏模式的影响,对长方体、圆柱体两种复合岩体试样进行了单轴压缩试验。研究结果表明:试样形状引起了软弱夹层破坏形态的不一致,圆柱体试样中倾向于产生斜裂纹破坏并引起复合试样侧向滑移,长方体试样倾向于产生端部的剥落与颈缩破坏;软弱夹层不同的破坏形态也导致硬岩初始压缩状态下的受压面积均存在不同形式的折减,实际受力出现不同情况的应力集中,长方体试样总体产生垂直于软弱夹层面发育的裂纹,圆柱体试样总体产生垂直于实际受压面发育的裂纹。同时,长方体试样无论是软弱夹层的弹性模量与峰值强度还是硬岩的峰值强度都明显高于圆柱体试样,但是应力分布相较圆柱体试样也明显更不均匀。

V形截面管充液压制圆角充填行为研究

基于力学分析,利用有限元模拟和充液压制成形实验研究了V形截面管圆角成形所需内压。在不同内压下对成形管材壁厚的变化进行了充液压制实验研究。并通过理论计算选择合适的实验参数,成形出符合要求的扭力梁结构件。结果表明:圆角半径越小,成形所需内压越大;V形截面管内圆角半径随着内压的增加而减小,外圆角半径随着内压的增加而增大;V形截面管壁厚增厚主要发生在上侧圆角区,减薄主要发生下圆角区,并且最大减薄发生在下圆角中心区。

异形多腔钢管混凝土分叉短柱抗震性能试验及数值计算

针对某超高层巨型框架结构中异形截面多腔钢管混凝土(concrete-filled steel tube, CFT)分叉柱,为研究截面加强构造对分叉短柱抗震性能的影响,进行了4个试件在竖向轴压力及水平往复两次的低周反复荷载下的抗震性能试验研究,试件上部为五边形四腔体钢管混凝土双柱肢,下部为八边形十三腔体钢管混凝土单柱肢,以此形成分叉柱;研究的截面构造包括四种:基本构造,钢管钢板整体加厚构造,距中和轴较远的钢管角部钢板内表面贴焊等肢角钢的局部钢板加厚构造,距中和轴较远的钢管腔体内置圆钢管构造。基于试验结果及截面构造特点,进行了数值计算。试验及数值计算结果表明:异形截面多腔钢管混凝土分叉短柱的破坏主要发生在上柱根部分叉截面处,表现为距离中性轴较远处的钢板撕裂以及局部焊缝开裂引起的整块钢板撕裂;内置圆钢管的加强构造承载力提高7.6%、变形能力提高14.4%,综合耗能能力最强,局部钢板加强构造承载力提高9.2%、变形能力下降18.7%,钢管钢板整体加厚构造承载力略有提高、但变形能力下降较多;提出的异形多腔钢管混凝土柱简化建模方法计算效率较高,精度满足工程设计要求。

Buckling Optimization of Curved Grid Stiffeners through the Level Set Based Density Method

Stiffened structures have great potential for improvingmechanical performance,and the study of their stability is of great interest.In this paper,the optimization of the critical buckling load factor for curved grid stiffeners is solved by using the level set based density method,where the shape and cross section(including thickness and width)of the stiffeners can be optimized simultaneously.The grid stiffeners are a combination ofmany single stiffenerswhich are projected by the corresponding level set functions.The thickness and width of each stiffener are designed to be independent variables in the projection applied to each level set function.Besides,the path of each single stiffener is described by the zero iso-contour of the level set function.All the single stiffeners are combined together by using the p-norm method to obtain the stiffener grid.The proposed method is validated by several numerical examples to optimize the critical buckling load factor.

一种新型梁类机械零件夹具装置的设计与应用研究

为了开展基于声音信号对梁类机械零件损伤检测识别的实验,文章结合实际需求,设计了一种梁类机械零件的夹具装置,并结合应用实例,解释了该夹具装置的使用方法。该夹具装置对现有装置进行升级,设计了一种表面各具特点的夹紧块,使其能够快速适应不同横截面形状、不同大小机械零件的装夹,以实现高效、多功能、低成本的目的;同时采用丝杠螺母副,利用其结构简单、运动平稳的优点,实现机械零件的上下移动和装夹,为基于声音信号的结构损伤检测识别提供了有效的实验基础。

相邻巷道断面形状选择及联合支护技术研究

为解决在高应力软岩条件下巷道围岩变形大、难支护等问题,以曙光矿2号煤为例,采用错层位外错式沿空掘巷布置方式。相邻巷道断面形状分别选取“矩形-矩形”、“矩形-异形”、“异形-异形”3种方式,采用数值模拟研究在下巷开挖后巷道围岩变形特征、围岩侧向支承压力分布和围岩塑性区分布规律。结果表明:“异形-异形”巷道相较于“矩形-异形”巷道和“矩形-矩形”巷道,其下巷巷道围岩位移、侧向支承应力和围岩塑性区都要小,故选择“异形-异形”巷道作为错层位外错式沿空掘巷巷道断面形状,相邻巷道间采用立体化联合支护技术,经现场监测,顶板最大下沉量为144 mm,底板最大鼓起量为91 mm,两帮最大移近量为315 mm,可减小下巷巷道围岩变形。

大断面工字形钢板梁智能制造施工技术研究

为了提升大断面工字形钢板梁施工的效率与质量,本文通过介绍工程概况、大断面工字形钢板梁的智能制造技术、翼板矫正方法、施工机械的选择与布设策略,以及结构预拼装流程,分析了这些技术和方法在实际施工中的应用效果。研究结果表明,智能制造施工技术能够显著提高大断面工字形钢板梁的施工效率,降低施工成本,并提升结构的质量和稳定性,为相关工程领域的技术创新与实践提供了有益的参考。

不同影响因素下巷道变形特征模拟研究

以王晁煤矿16层煤开采巷道为背景,基于正交试验通过FLAC^(3D)数值模拟软件建立巷道变形破裂演化的计算模型,系统研究了不同巷道断面形状、巷道断面尺寸、巷道断面宽高比对巷道围岩变形、破坏和应力演化规律的影响。模拟结果表明,各参数对巷道变形破坏影响的显著性次序为巷道断面大小>断面形状>断面宽高比;巷道断面大小是影响巷道变形破坏的最主要因素,断面大小与巷道的变形和破坏呈正相关;椭圆形断面巷道最为稳固,塑性区发育高度和最大垂直位移量显著小于直墙半圆拱断面巷道与矩形断面巷道;断面宽高比对巷道变形破坏影响较小,但对最大垂直应力的产生影响较大。研究揭示了不同巷道断面对巷道围岩变形破坏演化规律,可为煤矿巷道设计提供参考。

超大断面异型隧道台阶法施工工法优选研究

为保证超大断面异型隧道的施工安全,依托某超大断面异型隧道建设工程,利用FLAC3D软件对超大断面异型隧道采用四台阶九步法、三台阶七步法、三台阶五步法的位移、应力、安全系数进行了研究。研究结果表明:(1)四台阶九步法所引起的拱顶沉降与收敛值均最小,分别为3.563 mm、0.765 mm、1.715 mm、2.785 mm、2.060 mm,位移控制效果最佳且满足工程规定值;三台阶七步法次之,而三台阶五步法各项收敛值均最大;(2)四台阶九步法最大主应力和最小主应力均小于其他两种工况应力值,且应力分布较为均匀;(3)四台阶九步法最小安全系数最大,为3.98,满足规范要求;推荐该工程使用四台阶九步法进行施工。研究成果可为类似异型隧道施工工法选取提供参考。

一种基于扼流结构的基站天线碗状振子异频去耦方法

针对双频嵌入式布局的基站天线中存在高频振子辐射性能受低频振子严重干扰的问题,提出一种基于扼流结构的基站天线碗状振子异频去耦方法。设计了含去耦结构的基站天线,在低频振子臂上加载微带形式的扼流结构,通过分析扼流结构的等效电路、在高频天线工作频段的感应电流及单站雷达散射截面(Radar Cross-Section,RCS),调整扼流结构的性能参数,有效降低低频振子对高频振子的影响。通过设计具有去耦功能的双频双极化基站天线阵列,验证所提方法的可行性。结果表明,低频振子具有良好的阻抗匹配特性,所提方法能有效减弱高频振子受低频振子影响导致的交叉极化恶化问题,且能够稳定方向图波束宽度。

悬索-斜拉协作体系桥梁总体设计

韶关某跨江桥受航道和用地条件边界约束,桥梁跨径组合采用(23+340+23)m,全宽8.2 m,主跨恒载总重量达1500t;本桥边中跨比例远超出常规大跨桥型跨径比例范围,如何选择合理的桥型方案直接影响桥梁的安全性和经济性。为探索特殊条件下的桥梁设计方案,构造出一种新型地锚式悬索-斜拉协作体系结构;340m中跨采用单主缆悬索体系,23m边跨采用斜拉背索体系,主缆和背索通过塔顶钢锚箱平衡边中跨拉力;通过设置小角度微型抗风缆,有效解决了通航净空受限条件下抗风缆布置难题。通过方案比较和结构分析表明,在特定的条件下,采用背索斜拉-主跨悬索协作体系合理可行,为今后大跨桥梁建设,提供了可靠的参考和借鉴。