Does the ratio of the carpal tunnel inlet and outlet cross-sectional areas in the median nerve reflect carpal tunnel syndrome severity?

Although ultrasound measurements have been used in previous studies on carpal tunnel syndrome to visualize injury to the median nerve, whether such ultrasound data can indicate the severity of carpal tunnel syndrome remains controversial. The cross-sectional areas of the median nerve at the tunnel inlet and outlet can show swelling and compression of the nerve at the carpal. We hypothesized that the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the median nerve at the carpal tunnel inlet to outlet accurately reflects the severity of carpal tunnel syndrome. To test this, high-resolution ultrasound with a linear array transducer at 5–17 MHz was used to assess 77 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. The results showed that the cut-off point for the inlet-to-outlet ratio was 1.14. Significant differences in the inlet-to-outlet ratio were found among patients with mild, moderate, and severe carpal tunnel syndrome. The cut-off point in the ratio of cross-sectional areas of the median nerve was 1.29 between mild and more severe（moderate and severe） carpal tunnel syndrome patients with 64.7% sensitivity and 72.7% specificity. The cut-off point in the ratio of cross-sectional areas of the median nerve was 1.52 between the moderate and severe carpal tunnel syndrome patients with 80.0% sensitivity and 64.7% specificity. These results suggest that the inlet-to-outlet ratio reflected the severity of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Relationship between sonographically measured median nerve cross-sectional area and presence of peripheral neuropathy in diabetic subjects

BACKGROUND Neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus resulting from direct damage by hyperglycemia to the nerves and/or ischemia by microvascular injury to the endoneurial vessels which supply the nerves. Median nerve is one of the peripheral nerves commonly affected in diabetic neuropathy. The median nerve size has been studied in non-Nigerian diabetic populations. In attempt to contribute to existing literature, a study in a Nigerian population is needed.AIM To evaluate the cross-sectional area(CSA) of the median nerve using B-mode ultrasonography(USS) and the presence of peripheral neuropathy(PN) in a cohort of adult diabetic Nigerians.METHODS Demographic and anthropometric data of 85 adult diabetes mellitus(DM) and 85 age-and sex-matched apparently healthy control(HC) subjects were taken. A complete physical examination was performed on all study subjects to determine the presence of PN and modified Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument(MNSI) was used to grade its severity. Venous blood was taken from the study subjects for fasting lipid profile(FLP), fasting blood glucose(FBG) and glycated haemoglobin(HbA1 c) while their MN CSA was evaluated at a point 5 cm proximal to(5 cmCATL) and at the carpal tunnel(CATL) by high-resolution Bmode USS. Data was analysed using SPSS version 22.RESULTS The mean MN CSA was significantly thicker in DM subjects compared to the HC at 5 cmCATL(P < 0.01) and at the CATL(P < 0.01) on both sides. The presence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN) further increased the MN CSA at the CATL(P < 0.05) but not at 5 cmCATL(P > 0.05). However, the severity of DPN had no additional effect on MN CSA 5 cm proximal to and at the CATL. There was no significant association between MN CSA and duration of DM and glycemic control.CONCLUSION Thickening of the MN CSA at 5 cmCATL and CATL is seen in DM. Presence of DPN is associated with worse thickening of the MN CSA at the CATL but not at5 cmCATL. Severity of DPN, duration of DM, and glycemic control had no additional effect on the MN CSA.

Ultrasonographic measurement of median nerve cross-sectional area reference values in a healthy Han population from Guiyang,China

High-resolution ultrasonography was used to analyze the nerve cross-sectional area （CSA） of the median nerve at 7 sites： the wrist crease, pisiform bone, hamate bone, 6 cm proximal to the tip of the wrist crease, proximal forearm （where the nerve enters the pronator teres muscle）, 4 cm proximal to the tip of the medial epicondyle, and mid-humerus （mid-point between elbow crease and axilla） in 200 healthy volunteers from Guiyang, China. Results showed similar CSA values between the left and right sides, but the CSA 6 cm proximal to the tip of the wrist crease, proximal forearm, 4 cm proximal to tip of the medial epicondyle, and mid-humerus in males was greater than that of females. Moreover, CSA values at the wrist crease, pisiform bone, and hamate bone were greater in the middle-aged and old groups when compared to the young group, and correlated with body mass and height. Thus, reference values of median nerve CSA of the upper limbs can facilitate the analysis of abnormal nerve conditions.

Optimal Minimum Number of CT Slices Required to Measure Cross Sectional Areas of Small Pulmonary Vessels

The cross-sectional area (CSA) of small pulmonary vessels can be quantified by CT, which is a reliable method of evaluating vascular alterations in such vessels. However, the optimal number of slices required for accurate quantitation remains unknown. We evaluated relationships among all slices at 10-mm interval and all slices at 3-cm interval, 6-cm interval, and 3-slices and found the closest correlation (0.939) between all slices at 10-mm intervals and 3-cm intervals. Thus, all slices at 3-cm intervals are suitable for accurately measuring CSA.

Modeling and Analysis of Transitional Tube with Constant Sectional Area along Derivative Central Route

Firstly, sample square-circular transition tube along straight central route was modeled on CATIA software. The parameters are as follows： let the tube length is L, and the constant cross section area is S, and S = πR^2 = a2, in which R stands for the circle radius on one end, and a the square side length on the other end; set up the coordinate system with OX axis on the central route in which the origin O is on centroid of the square end and assume the cross section size at x as the square shaped with all four comers filleted in radius r which is proportional to x, that is, the linear slope of r is R/L, thus, both values r and square side length ax can be attained on the constant cross section area assumption. Secondly, some sample polygonal-circular transition tubes along straight, circular and helical central route were implemented similarly. Thirdly, numerical analysis of stress and displacement of these tubes were carried out on MSC/PATRAN software which are important to the distribution of turbulent flow and the layout of these transitional tube structures.

Modeling Blood Flow in Veins of Uniform Properties (Giraffe Jugular Vein)

This paper models the giraffe’s jugular veins as a uniform collapsible tube from a rigid skull. The equations governing one-dimensional steady flow through such a tube for various conditions have been developed. The effects of inertial and inclination angles that have not been discussed previously have been included. It has been shown that different flows for a uniform tube (vein) are possible. However, this flow matches that of a jugular vein which is supercritical, and the steady solution has been given by the balance between the driving forces of gravity and the viscous resistance to the flow at the right atrium of the heart must be sub-critical for a fixed right-atrium pressure which means that an elastic jump is required to return the flow to sub-critical from the supercritical flow upstream this type of relationship gives rise to flow limitation at the same time given any right atrium fixed pressure there exists a maximum flow rate which when exceeded the boundary conditions of the flow do not hold boundary conditions at the right atrium are not satisfied hence making the steady flow impossible this mechanism of flow limitation is slightly different from the other one in that causes airways through forced expiration from the observation made it is clearly shown that there is an intravascular pressure difference with a change in height.

Effect of aerobic exercise on the contractile function of gastrocnemius myosin heavy chain

Objective To study the effect of 4-6 weeks’ treadmill training of male SD rats on the contractile function of their gastrocnemius myosin heavy chain (MHC). Methods Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and training group. The treadmill training of the training group rats was incessantly performed for 4-6 weeks at an intensity of about 75% VO2max (18.5-24 m/min,gradient of 0°,each training session lasting 50 minutes,twice a day). The content of gastrocnemius MHC mRNA was tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),and the changes of muscle fibre and its cross-section area (CSA) were measured using immunohistochemistry. Electric stimulation tests were used to determine the maximal tension of isometric contraction of the post-training gastrocnemius. Results ① After continuous treadmill training for 4-6 weeks,we found that the content of the total MHC,MHC Ⅰ,MHC Ⅱx,MHC Ⅱa mRNAs was 105%,105%,109% and 108% of that in the resting control group,respectively,and the MHC Ⅱb mRNA content did not change significantly. The percentage of MHC Ⅰ mRNA in the total MHC mRNA increased while that of MHC Ⅱ mRNA decreased after aerobic training. ② The slow type of fibre type Ⅰ was the main part of the MHC after training and the CSA of the muscle fibres increased simultaneously. ③ The maximal tension of isometric contraction by pulse stimulation of square wave in the training group increased significantly compared with that in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion The findings indicate that aerobic exercise may promote an increase in the contractile function of MHC.

Analysis of the characteristics of diabetic peripheral nerve damage by high frequency ultrasound combined with QTT

Objective: High frequency ultrasound combined with policy thermal perception testing (QTT) was used to analyze the characteristics of nerve damage in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), and then provided the basis for the clinical prevention, diagnosis and treatment of DPN. Methods: A total of 110 DPN patients admitted to the hospital from December 2015 to May 2018 were selected, and the characteristics of nerve damage in diabetic peripheral neuropathy were analyzed by ultrasound and QTT. Results: In the results of QTT, the abnormal proportion of the CDT, WDT, CPT and HPT of the lower limbs in DPN's were all higher than the upper limbs;The difference of WDT and HPT in the age and course groups of patients in the upper limbs was statistically significant, the abnormal proportion of WDT and HPT in patients aged 60 years or above or with a course of 10 years or more were all above 45%, higher than those in other groups. The patients with larger mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) were significantly higher than those with smaller MAGE, regardless of the abnormal proportion of WDT and HPT observed in upper limbs, lower limbs or upper and lower limbs;The results of ultrasonic measurement of nerve cross sectional area showed: the proportion of patients with ulnar nerve and median nerve abnormally thickened in the high age group (≥45 years) and the long course group (>10 years) was significantly higher than that in the low age group (<45 years) and the short course group (<10 years), the proportion of patients with larger MAGE with abnormal enlargement of median nerve was significantly higher than those with smaller MAGE. The thickening of ulnar nerve, median nerve and peroneal nerve was obvious in the patients of MAGE > 4 mmol/L. Conclusion: (1) The main nerve damage in DPN patients was thermal sensation damage, and the lower limb nerve was more vulnerable than the upper limb nerve. (2) The incidence of ulnar and median nerve damage was higher in patients aged 45 years and older or over 10 years of course. (3) Patients with large MAGE (> 4 mmo/L) had higher incidence of median nerve damage. The above characteristics of nerve damage can provide basis for clinical prevention, diagnosis and treatment of DPN.

Development of Fuzzy Logic System to Predict the SAW Weldment Shape Profiles

一个模糊模型被介绍预言包括热的形状的沉没的弧焊接(锯) 的焊接形状侧面影响了地区(HAZ ) 。锯 bead-on-plates 被跟随一个完整的因素的设计矩阵焊接。设计矩阵由焊接进程参数的输入的三个层次组成了。焊接是 cross-sectioned 并且蚀刻，并且地区被测量。一种印射的技术被用来测量焊接地区的各种各样的片断。这些印射的地区被用来造一个模糊逻辑模型。模糊模型的会员功能为焊接地区的精确预言被选择。模糊模型进一步为一套测试用例数据被测试。模糊逻辑模型预言的焊接地区与试验性地获得的形状侧面和靠近的同意在之间相比二被注意。为焊接地区和模糊逻辑模型开发的印射的技术能被用于 SAW 过程的联机控制。从 SAW 模糊逻辑模型熔化和 HAZ 罐头的一个评价也被开发。

Size of the Electron Microparticle Calculated from the Oersted Law

An attempt to obtain a new theoretical derivation of the size of the electron microparticle has been done. To this purpose first the Maxwell equation for the electron current has been examined for the case of the one-electron current present in the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom. It has been shown that the equation is satisfied on condition that the microstructure properties of the electron particle are taken into account. In the next step, the quanta of the magnetic field characteristic for the Bohr atom and the electron time periods specific for the electron current along the orbits were substituted in place of parameters entering the classical Oersted equation. This gives an expression for the cross-section radius of the orbits not much different than results for the radius of the electron microparticle obtained in a former electron theory

新疆生产建设兵团石河子地区心房颤动流行病学调查研究

背景心房颤动(简称房颤)是临床上较为常见的心律失常,具有高患病率、高致残率、高治疗费的特点,严重影响患者生活质量,国内不同地区以及不同人群中的房颤患病率有很大差异,目前新疆生产建设兵团地区对于房颤的患病率无较大规模流行病学调查。目的了解新疆生产建设兵团石河子地区房颤的患病率、相关的危因素、规范化的治疗状况,为本地区房颤预防、管理、治疗提供可靠数据支持。方法采用横断面年龄比例1∶10分层随机抽样调查2021年5月—2023年6月新疆生产建设兵团石河子地区18个农牧团场及市区18岁及以上常住居民63079人。采用问卷收集患者基线资料、房颤流行病学、知晓率及治疗情况。将患者分为房颤组(n=737)与非房颤组(n=62342)。采用多因素Logistic回归分析探究房颤发生的影响因素。结果共纳入新疆生产建设兵团第八师石河子地区居民63079人,平均年龄(54.9±15.3)岁。筛查出房颤患者737人,患病率为1.17%,根据年龄校正后患病率为1.12%。筛查人群中房颤知晓率仅为1.62%(1021/63079),其中确诊房颤人群中房颤知晓率52.78%(389/737)。18~39岁、40~49岁、50~59岁、60~69岁、70~79岁、≥80岁房颤患病率分别为0.05%(5/9964)、0.32%(29/9076)、0.62%(135/21686)、1.28%(151/11810)、3.05%(207/6776)、5.57%(210/3767);男性和女性房颤患病率分别为1.60%(441/27591)、0.83%(296/35488);汉族、回族、维吾尔族、哈萨克族、其他民族房颤患病率分别为1.20%(720/60014)、0.70%(7/1007)、0.62%(7/1130)、1.67%(2/120)、1.41%(1/171);城市区域及农牧团场区域房颤患病率分别为0.79%(350/44504)、2.08%(387/18575)。房颤组与非房颤组年龄、性别、年龄段分布、居住区域、受教育程度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。房颤组吸烟、饮酒、高血压、冠心病、2型糖尿病、高脂血症、慢性心力衰竭、脑血管疾病、心脏瓣膜病、慢性肺部疾病、睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、甲状腺功能异常、外周血管疾病、肿瘤比例高于非房颤组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、性别、饮酒、高血压、心脏瓣膜病、慢性心力衰竭、甲状腺功能异常、睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、肿瘤为房颤发生的影响因素(P<0.05)。新发现房颤85例(11.53%)、阵发性房颤257例(34.87%)、持续性房颤178例(21.16%)、永久性房颤217例(29.44%);口服抗凝药物360例、行房颤射频消融术或一站式治疗23例,本地区房颤治疗率51.96%。房颤患者中规范化治疗、未规范化治疗和未治疗分别为360例(48.85%)、21例(2.85%)、356例(48.30%),新发现房颤、阵发性房颤、持续性房颤、永久性房颤的规划化治疗率分别为11.11%、28.89%、24.72%、35.28%,不同类型房颤规划化治疗率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=18.918,P=0.004)。结论新疆生产建设兵团石河子地区房颤患病率基本持平于全国水平,危险因素与国内外研究相近,但人群中房颤知晓率、及房颤规范化治疗率明显偏低,情况不容乐观。

玛西斜坡区风城组高含盐致密储集层流体识别

准噶尔盆地玛西斜坡区二叠系风城组发育碱湖沉积的高含盐致密储集层,其油水关系复杂,流体识别难度大。利用岩性扫描测井资料构建饱含盐水地层热中子宏观俘获截面,并利用测井热中子宏观俘获截面与饱含盐水地层热中子宏观俘获截面的差值构建含油性敏感因子,再利用氯元素相对产额与总孔隙度比值构建含盐度敏感因子,将含油性敏感因子与含盐度敏感因子交会形成流体识别图版。实例应用表明,利用该流体识别图版可以对储集层流体性质进行准确判断,为试油选层提供依据。

椎旁肌退变与L5/S1峡部裂性腰椎滑脱程度的关系

目的:探究椎旁肌退变与L5/S1峡部裂性腰椎滑脱程度的关系。方法:回顾性分析2020年1月1日~2023年12月31日郑州大学第一附属医院骨科收治的108例L5/S1双侧峡部裂患者的临床资料,其中女62例,男46例,年龄26~86(52.8±10.4)岁,所有患者腰椎侧位及动力位X线、腰椎CT和腰椎MRI等影像学资料完整。根据是否伴有滑脱及Meyerding分度将患者分为无滑脱组(28例)、Ⅰ度滑脱组(46例)和Ⅱ度滑脱组(34例)。在腰椎轴位MRI的L5下终板层面测量椎体横截面积(V CSA)、竖脊肌横截面积(ES CSA)、多裂肌横截面积(MF CSA)以及关节突关节角度(FJA),并计算平均关节突关节角度(mFJA)、多裂肌相对横截面积(MF rCSA)、竖脊肌相对横截面积(ES rCSA)、多裂肌脂肪浸润率(MF FIR)及竖脊肌脂肪浸润率(ES FIR)。比较三组间年龄、性别、体质指数(BMI)、病程、V CSA、mFJA、MF CSA、ES CSA、MF rCSA、ES rCSA、MF FIR以及ES FIR之间的差异,并使用有序Logistics回归分析年龄、性别、病程、BMI、mFJA、MF rCSA、ES rCSA、MF FIR、ES FIR等参数与峡部裂性腰椎滑脱程度的关系。结果:各组间年龄、体重、BMI、V CSA、mFJA无统计学差异(P>0.05)。无滑脱组女性患者(29%)占比显著低于Ⅰ度滑脱组(61%)和Ⅱ度滑脱组(76%)(P<0.05);无滑脱组的身高(1.68±0.06m)相较于Ⅰ度滑脱组(1.64±0.75m)和Ⅱ度滑脱组(1.63±0.54m)更高(P<0.05),病程相较于Ⅰ度滑脱组和Ⅱ度滑脱组更短(P<0.05)。三组间MF CSA、MF rCSA以及ES FIR差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),Ⅱ度滑脱组的ES CSA和ES rCSA(3183.2±1196.38mm^(2)和2.14±1.11)显著高于Ⅰ度滑脱组(2579.28±896.56mm^(2)和1.65±0.65)及无滑脱组(2401.40±742.98mm^(2)和1.56±0.58)(P<0.05);Ⅱ度滑脱组的MF FIR(40.70±14.05)%显著高于Ⅰ度滑脱组(30.39±12.98)%及无滑脱组(26.69±9.96)%(P<0.05);Ⅰ度滑脱组与无滑脱组间ES CSA、ES rCSA和MF FIR差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);有序Logistics回归分析结果显示,女性(OR=2.81,95%CI:1.120~7.062,P=0.028)及MF FIR增加(OR=1.044,95%CI:1.003~1.088,P=0.034)是峡部裂性腰椎滑脱程度加重的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:滑脱程度较重的双侧峡部裂患者多裂肌脂肪浸润更严重,并且出现了竖脊肌的肥大,女性及MF FIR增加是峡部裂性腰椎滑脱程度加重的独立危险因素。

内热源影响下高压电力电缆着火机制

为探究高压电力电缆因过载或短路且线芯发热影响下的着火机制,使用加热棒模拟电缆内部故障热源,并开展电缆着火试验,分析内热源功率及电缆线芯截面积对电缆温升、着火时间等着火关键参数的影响,发现电缆从被加热至着火到燃烧的全过程可分为初期加热、热解气体逸出、着火、燃烧及熄灭4个阶段。结果表明:绝缘层熔融物的滴落会导致火焰形态发生变化,电缆各结构层表面温度的升温速率随内热源功率的增加及与内热源表面距离的减小而增大,功率的增加弱化了电缆线芯截面积对各层升温速率的影响;电缆的着火时间与内热源功率呈线性递减的关系。

胃超声结合BMI对剖宫产术前禁食水时间的研究

目的研究胃超声结合身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)用于指导行全麻剖宫产术术前禁食水时间的可行性。方法回顾性分析2012年1月—2022年12月在长春市妇幼保健院行全麻剖宫产术的450例孕产妇。根据孕产妇BMI增幅(△BMI)将其分为3组,A组△BMI<4 kg/m^(2),B组24 kg/m≤△BMI≤6 kg/m^(2),C组△BMI>6 kg/m^(2)。食用相同食物,比较3组胃排空能力及预后。结果A组禁食水时间为(6.85±1.53)h,B组禁食水时间为(7.49±1.46)h,C组禁食水时间为(7.84±1.24)h,3组禁食水时间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3组Ⅱ、Ⅲ期及产前T1、T3、T4各时间点胃窦横截面积(cross-sectional area,CSA)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3组妊娠结局[巨大儿、转入新生儿重症监护室(neonatal intensive care unit,NICU)、新生儿窒息]及口渴、饥饿感评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);C组首次排气时间长于A组、B组,满意度评分低于A组与B组(P<0.05)。结论超声引导下胃窦部CSA可更精准地判定产妇的胃内容量,从而预判术前禁食水时间,改善妊娠结局。

咽容积联合鼻腔最小截面积在成人非肥胖型OSAHS早期筛查中的应用价值

目的探讨咽容积联合鼻腔最小截面积(mCSA)在成人非肥胖型阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)早期筛查中的应用价值。方法选取2023年1至6月在金华市中心医院经多导睡眠监测(PSG)确诊OSAHS的成人非肥胖型患者75例为观察组,选取同期性别、年龄和BMI相匹配的健康志愿者50名为对照组。采用256层螺旋CT及后重建技术测量平静呼吸和Muller呼吸时相的咽腔参数(包括腭咽腔与舌咽腔的最小截面积和容积)和mCSA。比较两组患者的临床资料、咽腔参数和mCSA,采用Spearman秩相关分析咽腔参数和mCSA与PSG参数的相关性。ROC曲线评估舌咽腔容积和mCSA单独和联合诊断成人非肥胖型OSAHS的效能。结果观察组患者鼻炎比例、高血压比例和ESS评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。观察组患者Muller呼吸时相的腭咽腔与舌咽腔的最小截面积和容积以及mCSA均小于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。Spearman秩相关分析显示,观察组患者Muller呼吸时相的舌咽腔容积和mCSA与呼吸暂停低通气指数和最低动脉血氧饱和度均呈负相关(均P<0.05),而与血氧饱和度低于90%的时间百分比均呈正相关(均P<0.01)。ROC曲线显示,Muller呼吸时相的舌咽腔容积、mCSA及两者联合诊断成人非肥胖型OSAHS的AUC分别为0.831、0.743和0.878,两者联合诊断高于单一指标(均P<0.01)。结论CT测量咽容积和mCSA可作为早期筛查诊断成人非肥胖型OSAHS的无创性指标,联合诊断有较好的应用潜能。

基于重叠网格的真空管道高速列车运行条件对温度场影响分析

为研究真空管道列车在运行时管道内的温度场与管道截面积、真空度和运行速度之间的关系,利用仿真软件Fluent,并结合重叠网格技术对不同列车运行速度、管道截面积和真空度进行仿真,分析了其对管道内和列车表面温度场的影响情况。研究结果表明,管道截面积的增加以及运行速度的降低会导致列车表面以及管道内温度降低;管道内真空度的增加对管道内温度场影响不大,但会使列车表面温度呈上升趋势。

功能性相对椎旁肌横截面积对腰椎间盘突出症的诊断价值及与椎间盘退变的关系

目的研究功能性相对椎旁肌横截面积对腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)的诊断价值及与椎间盘退变的关系。方法选取2020年6月—2023年8月,以LDH收治入我院的96名患者为观察组;选取同期行腰椎MRI的50名体检者(无腰椎退行性疾病)作为对照组。根据Pfirrmann分级将观察组L_(4)/L_(5)和L_(5)/S_(1)层面椎间盘进行分级;使用Image J软件测量2组研究对象椎旁肌横截面积、肌肉脂肪化横截面积和椎间盘横截面积,并计算对应层面功能性相对椎旁肌横截面积。比较2组研究对象功能性相对椎旁肌横截面积;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析功能性相对椎旁肌横截面积对LDH的诊断价值;比较不同椎间盘退变程度等级患者对应的功能性相对椎旁肌横截面积;分析椎间盘退变程度等级与功能性相对椎旁肌横截面积的相关性并分析功能性相对椎旁肌横截面积的影响因素。结果对照组研究对象L_(5)/S_(1)、L_(4)/L_(5)层面功能性相对椎旁肌横截面积均大于观察组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组不同椎间盘退变程度等级患者的功能性相对腰大肌横截面积、功能性相对多裂肌横截面积、功能性相对竖脊肌横截面积差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相关分析结果显示,在L_(5)/S_(1)平面上,功能性相对腰大肌横截面积、功能性相对多裂肌横截面积、功能性相对竖脊肌横截面积与腰椎间盘退变程度等级的相关系数rs值分别为-0.388、-0.344、-0.360(P<0.001);在L_(4)/L_(5)平面上,功能性相对腰大肌横截面积、功能性相对多裂肌横截面积、功能性相对竖脊肌横截面积与腰椎间盘退变程度等级的相关系数rs值分别为-0.500、-0.489、-0.501(P<0.001)。在L_(5)/S_(1)平面,功能性相对腰大肌横截面积、功能性相对多裂肌横截面积、功能性相对竖脊肌横截面积诊断LDH的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.892(95%CI:0.830~0.937)、0.911(95%CI:0.852~0.951)、0.640(95%CI:0.557~0.718);在L_(4)/L_(5)平面上,功能性相对腰大肌横截面积、功能性相对多裂肌横截面积、功能性相对竖脊肌横截面积诊断LDH的AUC分别为0.850(95%CI:0.782~0.904)、0.919(95%CI:0.862~0.958)、0.848(95%CI:0.780~0.902)。回归分析结果显示,腰椎间盘退变程度等级是功能性相对椎旁肌横截面积的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论功能性相对椎旁肌横截面积对临床LDH的诊断具有重要参考价值,且其与椎间盘退变程度等级存在负相关,同时腰椎间盘的退变是椎旁肌退变的独立影响因素。

椎旁肌改变与年龄及椎间盘退变程度的关系

目的分析椎旁肌的退行性改变与年龄及椎间盘退变程度的关系。方法回顾分析140例腰椎间盘突出症患者的影像资料,使用ImageJ软件测量患者MRI影像上L4~S1层面椎间盘及同层面椎旁肌横截面积,并计算功能性相对椎旁肌横截面积;同层面不同腰椎间盘退变程度间、各年龄组间的功能性相对椎旁肌横截面积的差异用单因素方差分析进行比较;同层面椎间盘退变程度及年龄与功能性相对椎旁肌横截面积的相关性用Spearman相关性分析进行研究;采用多因素线性回归研究功能性相对椎旁肌横截面积的影响因素。结果L5/S1、L4/L5层面上,腰椎间盘的不同退变程度间、各年龄组间的功能性相对椎旁肌横截面积的差异均存在统计学意义,腰椎间盘退变程度及年龄与同层面的功能性相对椎旁肌横截面积均存在负相关(P<0.001),年龄、腰椎间盘退变程度是功能性相对椎旁肌横截面积的影响因素。结论椎旁肌退变与年龄和椎间盘的退变有关。

三嵌段共聚物临界胶束浓度与分子横截面积测定

采用双毛细管最大泡压法装置测定了25℃条件下不同浓度非离子表面活性剂聚乙二醇-聚丙二醇-聚乙二醇三嵌段共聚物(PEG-PPG-PEG;Pluronic L-64)对溶液表面张力的影响。采用Origin软件对数据进行处理分析,计算得到其临界胶束浓度(CMC)。基于吉布斯(Gibbs)与朗格缪尔(Langmuir)吸附等温式,对溶液表面张力与浓度关系进行一步非线性拟合,计算获得吸附分子的横截面积。该实验扩展了最大泡压法测定表面张力的应用,提高了学生分析处理实验数据的能力。