The quadratic B-spline curve fitting for the shape of log cross sections

This paper describes a new method for simulation of the cross section shape of log. The self-developed MQK3102 log shape recognizing machine was used to acquire the finite discrete sampling points on the cross section of log and those points were fitted with the quadratic B-spline parametric curve. This method can clearly stimulate the real shape of the log cross section and is characterized by limited sampling points and high speed computing. The computed result of the previous curve does not affect the next one, which may avoid the graphic distortion caused by the accumulative error. The method can be used to simulate the whole body shape of log approximately by sampling the cross sections along the length direction of log, thus providing a reference model for optimum saw cutting of log.

Influences of the Helical Strake Cross-Section Shape on Vortex-Induced Vibrations Suppression for A Long Flexible Cylinder

An experimental study on a bare flexible cylinder as well as cylinders fitted with two types of cross-sectioned helical strakes was carried out in a towing tank. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of strakes’ cross-section on the vortex-induced vibrations （VIV） suppression of a flexible cylinder. The square-sectioned and round-sectioned helical strakes were selected in the experimental tests. The uniform current was generated by towing the cylinder models along the tank using a towing carriage. The Reynolds number was in the range of 800–16000. The strain responses were measured by the strain gages in cross-flow （CF） and in-line （IL） directions. A modal analysis method was adopted to obtain the displacement responses using the strain signals in different measurement positions. The comparison of the experimental results among the bare cylinder, square-sectioned straked cylinder and round-sectioned straked cylinder was performed. The helical strakes can effectively reduce the strain amplitude, displacement amplitude, response frequencies and dominant modes of a flexible cylinder excited by VIV. And the mean drag coefficients of straked cylinders were approximately consistent with each other. In addition, the square-sectioned and round-sectioned strakes nearly share the similar VIV reduction behaviors. Sometimes, the strakes with round-section represent more excellent effects on the VIV suppression of response frequency than those with square-section.

Optimization of Cross-sectional Shapes of the Bi-2223/Ag Wires before Flat Rolling

Rolling process plays an important role in the manufacture of Bi-based high temperature superconductor tapes, and the plastic flow regularities of the superconducting wires during deformation will directly affect the ultimate quality of the tapes. In order to investigate the effect of cross-sectional shapes before fiat rolling on the performance and homogeneity of the tapes, some numerical models of Bi-2223/Ag wires with different cross-sectional shapes including circular, square, elliptical and racetrack cross-sections are constructed during the rolling process. By comparing the relative density, logarithmic strain ratio and length-width ratio on the filaments, it is revealed that Bi-2223/Ag wire with special-shaped cross-section can achieve better conductivity than the round wire, in particular, the racetrack cross-sectional wire has the second best performance among four wires. Based on material processability and experimental condition, tri-pass racetrack drawing technique is employed to optimize the process and obtain racetrack cross-sectional wire. The rolling process of Bi-2223/Ag wire with racetrack cross-section causes more intensive deformation of filaments in the center of the tape and achieves the filaments with larger length-width ratio. Also, the deformation distribution of filaments verifies the numerical results. Consequently, the racetrack drawing technique can be utilized for a reference during the mechanical processing and to increase the current transmission capacities of Bi-2223/Ag tapes.

Optimal Cross-Sectional Shape of Gas/Air Ducts

In industrial plants, ships, and buildings, a large amount of gas and air ducts are applied for equipment connection, HVAC, medium transport, and exhaust, etc. These ducts can be designed in varied cross-sectional shapes, such as round or rectangle. The author reveals through geometric calculation of the duct cross-sectional shapes and engineering experiences that the round cross-section is an optimal shape in the duct system. The round duct has the shorter perimeter than the other cross-sectional shape ducts and the stronger structure in the same working condition. The material saving of the round duct due to the shorter perimeter is quantitatively determined. In the pater, it is shown that the round duct is economically attractive. The economic analysis for the material cost saving is illustrated by an example. For a long duct system, the material and material cost savings are significant. It is suggested that the round duct in the gas and air duct system should have priority as long as the field conditions are allowed. In the paper, the material cost saving is also converted to PW, AW, and FW used for LCC economic analysis.

Anomalous Band Crossing and Shape-driving in Rare Earth Nuclei

Anomalous delay of neutron AB crossing in rotational band based onh9/21/2[541]proton state for odd-proton rare earth nuclei is interpreted as shape driv-ing effect.Comparisons of TRS/CSM calculations with experimental results are dis-cussed.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cross-rolled Ti_(50)Ni_(47)Fe_3 Shape Memory Alloy

The microstructures, the phase transformation characteristics, and the mechanical properties of the Ti50Ni47Fe3 alloy in as-forged and as-cross-rolled states were investigated. It is found that, after cross-rolling, the phase transformation temperature （Ms） of the alloy decreases drastically and the grains get refined. Moreover, its yield strength and fracture strength after cross-rolling hit 540 MPa and 687 MPa respectively, up by about 200 MPa over those in as-forged state.

大跨度装配式单层网壳十字形半刚性螺栓连接节点抗弯性能研究

装配式连接节点是大跨度装配式单层空间网壳结构体系的关键。提出一种适用于大跨度单层网壳结构的十字形板装配式节点。该节点由圆钢管、十字形钢板、角钢、矩形连接盖板、圆盖板和高强螺栓组成,其中圆钢管、盖板、十字形钢板在工厂焊接,现场将十字形板和角钢、矩形盖板用高强螺栓连接。该节点通过设置角钢、矩形连接盖板和十字形钢板螺栓连接,在节点受到弯曲荷载时,角钢和矩形连接盖板可以首先承受弯曲荷载,从而减少节点内侧的十字形钢板塑性损伤,并且提高节点的抗弯性能。利用有限元模拟方法,构建新型连接节点有限元模型,分析了十字形钢板和角钢厚度等变量如何影响节点在平面内外的抗弯性能。通过对各组成部分尺寸的参数化研究,得到了这些因素对所提出的连接节点平面内外抗弯性能的影响规律。研究结果表明,采用角钢与矩形盖板相连接形成的十字形节点,在抗弯刚度和承载力方面表现出了优异的性能。通过调节十字形板厚度、螺栓个数、角钢和盖板厚度可调控节点的初始抗弯刚度和抗弯承载力。基于刚性节点设计方法,对该半刚性节点进行尺寸理论设计,结果表明该方法可以保证节点弯矩设计值基本达到圆钢管的屈服弯矩,满足设计要求,提高节点安全。

输电铁塔装配式基础抗剪键连接的剪切性能

预制构件连接方法及其界面剪切性能影响整个输电铁塔装配式基础的受力和变形.针对螺栓连接易松动、变形大之类的问题,提出采用高强灌浆料灌注成形的十字形抗剪键作为输电铁塔装配式基础连接方案.采用室内剪切试验和数值模拟,研究该抗剪键连接的剪切性能,并与常用的螺栓连接进行对比分析.结果表明:十字形抗剪键剪切破坏模式为剪断型脆性破坏,破坏形态表现为以抗剪键为中心向外略有扩展成菱形.和螺栓连接相比,抗剪键连接的剪切强度略低,但剪切刚度显著提高.浇筑过程中灌浆料外溢对界面抗剪强度有提高作用.抗剪键的抗剪性能与灌浆料强度正相关,但提高灌浆料强度对抗剪性能提升并不明显.抗剪键深度对抗剪性能有影响,但在抗剪键深度超过20 mm后,抗剪键的抗剪性能不再提高.根据剪切试验和数值模拟结果,建议十字形抗剪键设计为长200 mm、宽20 mm、深20 mm.

冷冻剑结构对块冰机制冰性能影响的数值模拟

目的:在直冷式块冰机冰模蒸发器内部增设冷冻剑以实现快速制冰。方法:使用COMSOL模拟冷冻剑截面形状及冷冻剑倾角对制冰过程的影响。结果:随着制冰过程的持续进行,增设不同截面形状冷冻剑的冰模内部平均温度不断降低,冰模内固相体积分数也随时间而增加,但在相同时间内增设圆形截面冷冻剑的冰模内部平均温度要比三角形、矩形和菱形低0.1~0.2℃。此外,冷冻剑倾角越小制冰速率越快。结论:冷冻剑截面形状为圆形或近圆形时,制冰速率较快;且在保证便于脱冰的前提下,应尽可能减小冷冻剑倾角。

蜗壳断面形状对大型双吸泵性能影响的数值模拟

为研究蜗壳不同断面形状对大型双吸离心泵性能的影响,在确保其他因素不变的条件下,设计3种不同的蜗壳方案进行瞬态数值模拟。结果表明:3种蜗壳断面方案在设计工况下,圆形蜗壳的效率最高为90.7%,其次是梨形蜗壳,效率为90.2%,矩形蜗壳的效率最低为88.9%,且圆形蜗壳的高效区有所扩大;在各流量工况下圆形蜗壳能量损失率均为最少,在设计工况时圆形蜗壳的能量损失率为0.3%,矩形蜗壳的能力损失率为1.1%;在大流量和设计流量下,圆形蜗壳的叶轮所受径向力均最小,梨形蜗壳次之,矩形蜗壳最大;在设计工况下,3种蜗壳方案对蜗壳上的压力脉动均呈现周期性变化,圆形蜗壳在各检测点处压力脉动的振幅幅度均为最小。

橡胶粗细集料含量对FRP约束橡胶混凝土应力-应变关系的影响

为研究橡胶粗细集料体积分数对纤维增强复合材料(fiber reinforced polymer, FRP)约束橡胶混凝土应力-应变关系的影响,提出了橡胶粗细集料体积替换率的概念,并通过收集已发表文献的110组应力-应变关系试验曲线,分析了橡胶粗细集料体积替换率对FRP约束不同截面橡胶混凝土柱应力-应变关系关键参数的影响,基于分析结果建立了FRP约束橡胶混凝土的应力-应变关系模型和抗压强度模型,两个模型中均考虑了橡胶粗细集料体积替换率和橡胶混凝土截面形状的影响.模型评估结果表明:随着橡胶粗细集料体积替换率、FRP约束应力比和截面倒角半径比的增加,FRP约束橡胶混凝土的抗压强度均呈增大的趋势;建立的抗压强度模型可准确预测橡胶颗粒取代部分细集料或粗细集料的FRP约束橡胶混凝土抗压强度,平均误差仅为1.03;建立的应力-应变关系模型能够较好预测FRP约束橡胶混凝土的应力-应变关系曲线变化.

基于扎根理论的跨境电商品牌形象塑造研究

为指导跨境电商企业更好地在海外市场塑造品牌形象,提升品牌的国际竞争力,文章基于扎根理论,以跨境电商代表性品牌SHEIN为例,对其在社交平台Instagram上发布的956张宣传图片进行内容分析。借助NVivo 11.0软件,完成201个节点编码,并以此生成34个初始范畴、11个主范畴和5个核心范畴。研究发现,基于社交媒体渠道的跨境电商品牌形象塑造,围绕产品特性、消费者形象、品牌价值表达、营销活动、服务互动五个维度展开,其中产品特性与消费者形象传播最为主要,而采用符号化语言的内容输出进一步丰富了品牌跨文化背景下的个性表达。

局部外形参数对高速飞行器的RCS影响

为了降低高速飞行器的雷达散射截面(radar cross section,RCS),采用多层快速多极子算法和物理光学法研究局部外形参数对飞行器雷达散射特性的影响。在此基础上,提出一种变半径弧形的边缘钝化形式,以提高飞行器仰视对抗能力。所提出的变半径弧形钝化外形具有良好的RCS减缩能力,与传统圆弧钝化外形相比,在前向重点角域内,RCS对数均值降低了22.88%;随着仰角的增大,变半径弧形钝化形式还具备全向RCS减缩能力,在全向角域内RCS对数均值降低了13.37%。最后,研究所提出的变半径弧形钝化方式在不同雷达波频段下的RCS特性,结果表明这种钝化方式对于频率较高时仰视对抗能力更好。

抽蓄电站无压隧洞交叉区体型优化试验研究

交叉无压隧洞交汇区域水流的水力特性复杂,无压隧洞交叉区体型及交汇口水流水力特性的研究对确保水利枢纽的安全运行具有重要的工程意义。基于物理模型试验,对某抽水蓄能电站下水库高落差泄洪排沙洞和放空洞交叉区体型进行优化,最终确定圆弧连接+交叉角21°的交叉区体型。对比分析圆弧连接+交叉角21°的交叉区优化体型下特征试验工况的水力特性。结果表明,6种特征试验工况下,泄洪排沙洞和放空洞交叉口及下游均为急流,明流泄洪且流态较稳定,均在交汇口下游右边直墙处形成最大水深,水深低于直墙高度,满足水面线不宜超过直墙范围的要求。

多尺度注意力融合与视觉Transformer方法优化的电阻抗层析成像深度学习方法

电阻抗层析成像(EIT)具有显著的可视化和非侵入性等特点,在工业和生物医学工程领域展现了其广阔的应用潜力。由于其逆问题存在高度非线性和病态性特点,导致了数值成像方法在空间分辨率上的局限性,尤其是在多相介质分布情况下,现有EIT技术在成像过程中出现边界失真和电导率误差,从而影响最终的成像精度。本文提出了一种基于卷积注意力机制的U型深度成像方法——MAT-UNet,将卷积块注意力模块(CBAM)与U-Net结构相结合,在特征提取与融合过程中嵌入卷积块注意力模块,以增强模型的注意力定向和特征表征能力,同时跳跃连接引入了压缩-激励(SE)注意力机制与视觉Transformer(ViT)来优化全局特征的学习,使用多头交叉注意力模块(MHCA)实现编码器与解码器的多尺度信息融合。MAT-UNet通过大量的仿真数据训练获得最优模型参数,并在多样化复杂形状和肺部仿真模型进行了实验验证。定量评估指标表明,该方法在重建图像中的均方根误差(RMSE)结果为2.3156,结构相似性指数(SSIM)结果为0.9437,可视化结果与真实分布和边界具有很好的一致性。实验结果表明,本文提出的MAT-UNet模型展现出良好的鲁棒性和泛化能力,相较于传统的单一卷积结构,集成Transformer结构提供了更精准的EIT图像重建效果,在无损测量与检测应用中存在很大的潜力和价值。

长春市卫星路与前进大街丌形交叉口优化设计

针对城市道路交叉口因多车道相交,人车混行,安全设施设置不足,致行人过街困难,违章频发的问题,选取具有典型特征的长春市卫星路—前进大街交叉口作为研究对象,开展丌形交叉口的研究。首先细化异形交叉口分类,提出“丌”型交叉口的定义;其次,剖析丌形交叉口行人过街难产生的原因;最后,根据交通管理与控制需要,优化该交叉口信号配时方案,完善道路交通安全设施设置,为进一步优化城市道路丌形交叉口设计提供了参考。

基于复合修形技术的低雷达散射截面微带天线

设计了一款基于复合修形技术的低雷达散射截面(Radar Cross Section,RCS)微带天线。通过在辐射贴片和金属底板同时采用修形技术,减少天线金属部分的面积,实现天线RCS减缩并且维持天线辐射特性。基于复合修形技术的微带天线相比传统未修形的微带天线在1~4 GHz频带内实现天线RCS减缩,最大RCS减缩量为20 dB。对设计的低RCS天线进行加工并测试,测试结果验证了仿真分析的正确性。

异形多腔钢管混凝土分叉短柱抗震性能试验及数值计算

针对某超高层巨型框架结构中异形截面多腔钢管混凝土(concrete-filled steel tube, CFT)分叉柱,为研究截面加强构造对分叉短柱抗震性能的影响,进行了4个试件在竖向轴压力及水平往复两次的低周反复荷载下的抗震性能试验研究,试件上部为五边形四腔体钢管混凝土双柱肢,下部为八边形十三腔体钢管混凝土单柱肢,以此形成分叉柱;研究的截面构造包括四种:基本构造,钢管钢板整体加厚构造,距中和轴较远的钢管角部钢板内表面贴焊等肢角钢的局部钢板加厚构造,距中和轴较远的钢管腔体内置圆钢管构造。基于试验结果及截面构造特点,进行了数值计算。试验及数值计算结果表明:异形截面多腔钢管混凝土分叉短柱的破坏主要发生在上柱根部分叉截面处,表现为距离中性轴较远处的钢板撕裂以及局部焊缝开裂引起的整块钢板撕裂;内置圆钢管的加强构造承载力提高7.6%、变形能力提高14.4%,综合耗能能力最强,局部钢板加强构造承载力提高9.2%、变形能力下降18.7%,钢管钢板整体加厚构造承载力略有提高、但变形能力下降较多;提出的异形多腔钢管混凝土柱简化建模方法计算效率较高,精度满足工程设计要求。

截面型式及槽宽比对高填明洞土压力影响分析

利用离散元软件PFC2D,考虑到土体的离散性与不均匀性,通过分析洞顶平均竖向土压力、内外土柱相对沉降差以及颗粒间接触力链的变化规律,探讨截面型式(矩形、1/4拱形、1/2拱形)及槽宽比(B/b=1.5∶1,2∶1,3∶1,4∶1)变化对高填黄土明洞土压力的影响,结合顾安全公式,分析高填明洞沉降差与土压力间的函数关系,并修正该函数,使其可以适用与不同的截面型式与槽宽比下的高填明洞。结果表明:(1)B/b确定,明洞采用矩形截面时,接触力链在洞顶分布,平均土压力更大,明洞采用拱形截面时,平均土压力更小,但拱顶存在局部应力集中现象;(2)明洞截面型式一定,随着B/b的增大,洞顶平均竖向土压力与沉降差均随之增大,当B/b较小时,边坡作用增强,外侧土柱沉降降低,对内土柱的作用力变小,从而导致明洞顶竖向土压力更小;(3)内外土柱沉降差与附加土压力呈线性相关,相对于矩形截面,拱形截面下较小的沉降差会产生相同的附加土压力,更有利于结构的稳定。

一种应用于5G毫米波的超宽带MIMO天线

设计了一种紧凑型超宽带(UWB)多输入多输出(MIMO)天线。该天线采用共面波导(CPW)馈电,可工作于C、Ku、K和Ka频段。天线采用平面几何结构设计,天线单元尺寸为14 mm×19 mm,结构紧凑,通过正交旋转形成4端口MIMO天线,加载十字形解耦器以增加隔离度,实现了良好的分集性能。MIMO天线的尺寸为40 mm×40 mm,工作频率为5~39 GHz,相对带宽约为154.5%,天线单元之间的隔离度<-19 dB,包络相关系数<0.05,分集增益>9.99 dB,测试和仿真结果一致。天线辐射性能良好且结构简单紧凑,可以很好地应用于5G毫米波无线通信系统中。