The Relationship between Eating Disorders and Stress among Medical Undergraduate: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Eating disorders are compulsive behaviours that can consume a person’s life to the point of becoming life threatening. Medical college can be a very stressful time and previous studies had found that stress could be a main factor leading to higher risk of eating disorder. We aimed to determine the association between stress and eating disorders among undergraduate medical students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 320 respondents comprises of Year 3, 4 and 5 medical students in private medical college in Malaysia, assessed using self-administered questionnaires which consist of social demographic data, EAT-26 and Cohen Perceived Stress Scale. The response rate of this study was 77.4%. Results: With regards to EAT-26, 11.0% of medical students were at risk of developing eating disorder and from this students who have obese BMI status (25%) had 3.9 times more likely to develop eating disorder (95% CI: 1.4 - 10.9). There was significant association between those with unsatisfactory social relationship with friends and peers (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.0 - 5.9;p value 0.035) and risk of developing eating disorders (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.4 - 10.9;p value 0.007). For Cohen Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS), 75.5% of the respondents were having high stress level. There was no significant association between stress and the risk of eating disorders with OR 1.0, 95% CI: 0.6 - 1.7;p value 0.887. Conclusion: Majority of medical undergraduates were under stressed and there was a risky trend toward eating disorders in medical. However, based on our results it did not portray any significant association between stress and risk of developing eating disorders. Nevertheless, it should not be completely neglected. It is important to increase the awareness of medical undergraduates regarding eating disorders and its complications.

内质网应激下肝癌细胞Akt和ERK通路间的cross-talk研究

目的研究内质网应激介导的肝癌细胞PI3K/AKt和M EK/ER K途径间的信号交流。方法采用PI3K抑制剂LY 294002/Akt激活型突变载体m yr-Akt和M EK抑制剂U 0126分别阻断/激活内质网应激介导的Akt和ER K活化,并利用W estern blot分析内质网应激条件下PI3K/Akt和M EK/ER K途径间的信号交流。结果阻断PI3K/Akt明显促进内质网应激介导的M EK/ER K活化,而过度激活PI3K/Akt则抑制内质网应激介导的M EK/ER K活化。阻断M EK/ER K对内质网应激介导的PI3K/Akt活化无影响。结论 PI3K/Akt和M EK/ER K信号途径间在内质网应激肝癌细胞中存在信号交流。

Strain-rate effect on initial crush stress of irregular honeycomb under dynamic loading and its deformation mechanism

The seemingly contradictory understandings of the initial crush stress of cellular materials under dynamic loadings exist in the literature, and a comprehensive analysis of this issue is carried out with using direct information of local stress and strain. Local stress/strain calculation methods are applied to determine the initial crush stresses and the strain rates at initial crush from a cell-based finite element model of irregular honeycomb under dynamic loadings. The initial crush stress under constant-velocity compression is identical to the quasi-static one, but less than the one under direct impact, i.e. the initial crush stresses under different dynamic loadings could be very different even though there is no strain-rate effect of matrix material. A power-law relation between the initial crush stress and the strain rate is explored to describe the strain-rate effect on the initial crush stress of irregular honeycomb when the local strain rate exceeds a critical value, below which there is no strain-rate effect of irregular honeycomb. Deformation mechanisms of the initial crush behavior under dynamic loadings are also explored.The deformation modes of the initial crush region in the front of plastic compaction wave are different under different dynamic loadings.

Dynamic caustics test of blast load impact on neighboring different cross-section roadways

Using digital laser dynamic caustics experimental system and conducting simulation experiment researched the influence rule of blasting excavation of a new roadway on neighboring existed different cross-section roadways. The experimental results show that the influence of blast load on adjacent roadway has a good relationship with the cross-section of roadway. The expansion distance of precrack existed in circular, arch-wall, rectangular roadway is respectively 1.76, 1.61 and 0 cm under blast load.At the same time, the direct-blast side of rectangular roadway has more obvious damage compared with circular and arch-wall roadway. It explains that plane reflects more stress wave than arc, so that it exerts more tensile failure in the direct-blast side, which leads to less stress wave diffracting to the precrack in the back-blast side. When the precrack extends, higher value dynamic stress intensity factor in circular roadway works longer than that of arch-wall roadway. Indirectly, it explains that plane's weakening function on stress wave is significantly stronger than arc. Stress wave brings about self-evident influence on the upper and bottom endpoints of the rectangular roadway, and it respectively extends 1.03, 2.06 cm along the line link direction of the center of the blasthole and the upper and bottom endpoints on the right wall.

Positively Worded Subscale Score of the Perceived Stress Scale Is Associated with Cognitive Domain Function

Objectives: To examine the cross-sectional associations of the separate subscales of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and tests measuring cognitive domains in older adults. Methods: 897 adults over the age of 70 free of amnestic mild cognitive impairment and dementia and enrolled in the Einstein Aging Study made up the study sample. The PSS-14 was used to measure stress. Three cognitive domains (language, episodic memory, and frontal-executive) had previously been found using principle component analysis. Linear regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between the PSS subscales and cognitive domain function. Results: The study sample had a mean age of 79.1 years and 62.8% were female. Bivariate correlations show that the PSS-14 positively worded subscale of the PSS (PSS-PW) was significantly associated with all three cognitive domains (language: r = -0.15, p < 0.001;episodic memory: r = -0.16, p < 0.001;frontal-executive: r = -0.21, p <0.001) while the negatively worded subscale of the PSS (PSS-NW) was not significantly associated with any cognitive domain. In linear regression analyses adjusted for age, white race, gender, years of education, and depressive symptoms, the PSS-PW remained significantly associated with each of the cognitive domains. The PSS-NW was not associated with any cognitive domains in any model. The PSS-14 was significantly associated with language and episodic memory, but not the frontal-executive domain. Conclusion: Worse PSS-PW scores are associated with reduced cognitive function in the executive, memory, and language domains in nondemented older adults. The PSS-PW subscale correlated better with cognitive function than the overall PSS-14. Future research should evaluate the temporality of the association and if stress reduction therapies improve cognitive performance.

Influence of carbonyl stress on rheological alterations of blood materials and decarbonylation effect of glutathione

The effects of various toxic carbonyls such as malondialdehyde(MDA),a secondary product of lipid peroxidation,and other aldehydes on rheological parameters and their relationship with aging-associated alterations were studied.Both MDA and glutaraldehyde(Glu) in different concentrations significantly increase viscosity,plastic viscosity and yield stress of human plasma and erythrocyte suspensions.MDA(20 mmol/L) reduces sharply the typical fluorescence of proteins(excitation 280 nm/emission 350 nm),and produces age pigment-like fluorescence with a strong emission peak at 460 nm when excites at 395 nm by only being incubated for some hours.In contrast,Glu decreases merely the fluorescence of proteins without producing age pigment-like fluorescence.These data suggest interestingly that the MDA-induced gradual protein cross linking seems to form from different mechanisms compared to the fast rheological changes of blood materials which may take place either in acute and chronic diseases or during aging.On the other hand,MDA induces various deleterious alterations of erythrocytes whereas glutathione(GSH) inhibits the MDA-related carbonyl stress in a concentration-dependent manner.The results indicate that carbonyl-amino reaction exists in the blood widely and GSH has the ability to interrupt or reverse this reaction in a certain way.It implies that carbonyl stress may be one of the important factors in blood stasis and suggests a theoretical and practical approach in anti-stresses and anti-aging.

Deformation Calculation of Cross-section Based on Virtual Force in Thin-walled Tube Bending Process

Cross-section deformation is one of important factors affecting the quality of tube formation, and the tube＇s capability of transporting liquid and gas will be reduced because of the cross-section ellipse deformation due to the effect of shear load in plastic bending process. When the tube is bent, the extrados-wall bears the tension stress and the intrados-wall bears the compression stress, synchronously the cross-section is affected by the circumferential stress. According to the above, the distribution function and curve of tangential stress can be obtained according to force balance differential equations on circumferential direction and Trasca rule. Subsequently the real state and virtual state moment equations were established, a new method was presented adopting the virtual principle of deformation system to calculate the x-axis and y-axis displacement of arbitrary point on cross-section. So the major and minor axes of deformed cross-section can be calculated according to the displacements of each point, and the variety value of major and minor axes will be obtained further. Finally the theoretical calculating result is compared with NC tube rotary-bending experiment results to verify the rationality of theoretical analysis, and the cross-section deformation rule of thin-walled tube can be received.

单箱双室变截面波形钢腹板组合梁剪应力分析

为了研究单箱双室变截面波形钢腹板组合箱梁(CBBCSW)的剪应力分布规律,分析了单箱双室变截面CBBCSW的顶底板与波形钢腹板(CSW)的承剪问题。基于微元体平衡和切应力互等定理推导了变截面CSW的剪应力计算公式,并与等截面CSW剪应力计算公式进行了对比。对各项剪应力的性质展开了研究,针对变截面CBBCSW的顶底板和参与承剪机理进行了分析,提出了底板承剪比例计算公式。以室内模型试验梁和一座单箱双室变截面CBBCSW为例,采用ANSYS有限元软件分别建立了试验梁与实桥的有限元模型,研究了不同约束体系下,剪应力在CSW上的分布以及顶底板与CSW参与承剪的规律。对比不同荷载情况下,有限元计算结果与理论公式计算结果的差异,分析不同荷载工况对顶底板与CSW参与承剪的影响。此外,分析了横隔板对单箱多室CBBCSW剪力分配的影响。研究结果表明:所提公式的理论结果与试验实测结果和有限元结果吻合较好,且底板参与承剪的比例不可忽视;变截面引起的“附加剪应力”是影响剪力传递的直接原因,弯矩的大小会直接影响底板参与承剪的比例;对称荷载下中腹板与边腹板的剪力分布几乎相同,而横隔板会改变CSW上剪力分配,靠近横隔板处的部位剪应力分布更均匀。研究结果可以为实际工程中变截面CSW的剪应力和承剪比的分析提供参考依据。

5-Hexylidene-4-propylamino-1,5-dihydroimidazol-2-one formed from Cu-catalyzed oxidation with implication for the structure of a His-Lys cross-link

Cu-catalyzed oxidation of 5-hexyl-1,3-dihydroimidazo-2-one (1) in the presence of propylamine, as surrogates for the oxidized His side chain and Lys side chain, was investigated. 5-Hexylidene-4-propylamino-1,5-dihydroimidazol-2-one (2), a model His-Lys cross-link product, was isolated and structurally characterized by NMR and mass spectrometry.

橡胶粗细集料含量对FRP约束橡胶混凝土应力-应变关系的影响

为研究橡胶粗细集料体积分数对纤维增强复合材料(fiber reinforced polymer, FRP)约束橡胶混凝土应力-应变关系的影响,提出了橡胶粗细集料体积替换率的概念,并通过收集已发表文献的110组应力-应变关系试验曲线,分析了橡胶粗细集料体积替换率对FRP约束不同截面橡胶混凝土柱应力-应变关系关键参数的影响,基于分析结果建立了FRP约束橡胶混凝土的应力-应变关系模型和抗压强度模型,两个模型中均考虑了橡胶粗细集料体积替换率和橡胶混凝土截面形状的影响.模型评估结果表明:随着橡胶粗细集料体积替换率、FRP约束应力比和截面倒角半径比的增加,FRP约束橡胶混凝土的抗压强度均呈增大的趋势;建立的抗压强度模型可准确预测橡胶颗粒取代部分细集料或粗细集料的FRP约束橡胶混凝土抗压强度,平均误差仅为1.03;建立的应力-应变关系模型能够较好预测FRP约束橡胶混凝土的应力-应变关系曲线变化.

资本市场系统性风险监测及风险跨市场溢出研究——基于金融压力指数视角

本文从股票、债券、衍生品、外汇四个市场选取指标构建资本市场压力指数,对中国资本市场系统性风险进行动态测度;在此基础上,从时域和频域视角考察风险在四个子市场间的溢出效应。研究结果表明:本文构建的资本市场压力指数能够准确识别样本区间内的重大风险事件;极端冲击将导致风险溢出水平上升,各子市场在风险传递中的作用具有差异性和时变性;根据风险溢出的大小、方向和长短期结构,能够对风险动态演化过程及驱动因素进行有效判别。本文的研究对完善资本市场风险动态监测体系具有重要价值。

神经科护士工作投入的现状及影响因素分析

目的分析神经科护士工作投入现状及其影响因素。方法采用便利抽样的方法,于2022年4月—5月对北京某三级甲等综合医院神经科护士进行横断面调查。采用自行设计的一般资料调查问卷、工作投入量表、中文版知觉压力量表,对神经科护士进行调查问卷。结果本研究共发放问卷660份,回收630份,回收率95.45%;有效问卷630份,有效率100.00%。630名神经科护士工作投入得分为(35.15±5.34)分,各个维度的平均分对比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素分析结果显示,神经科护士的工作投入评分在年龄、聘用关系、技术职称、工作年限和子女情况上的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。神经科护士的知觉压力总分为(36.76±8.10)分,工作投入总分与失控感评分、知觉压力总分呈正相关(P<0.05),与紧张感评分呈负相关(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,失控感、聘用关系、工作1~10年、紧张感是工作投入的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论神经科护士工作投入的影响因素众多。作为临床护理管理者可以通过有效的科学管理办法,采取有效措施缓解护士心理压力,降低反刍思维水平,正向引导建立正向的应急心理,从而提高护士工作投入程度,最终达到提高护理质量和患者满意度的目的。

水下高速公路盾构隧道联络通道冻结施工模拟分析

公路盾构隧道联络通道建设面临较大的不确定性和风险,通常采用人工地层冻结法进行施工。以孟加拉吉大港卡纳普里河底盾构隧道联络通道为研究对象,分析联络通道施工过程中冻土帷幕和结构衬砌受力情况,研究采用双圈管冻结施工过程中冻土帷幕发展规律。针对施工期和运营期衬砌受力的最不利工况进行验算,分析积极冻结和维护冻结阶段温度场的变化,并研究部分不确定参数的敏感性。分析结果表明,该联络通道设计施工方案合理可行。

The Influence of Thrust Fault Structure on Cross-fault Short-leveling Survey

Aiming at different variation patterns of cross-fault short-leveling before earthquakes,the paper establishes the 2-D finite-element models with different crustal stratification and fault occurrence perpendicular to Longmenshan fault zone. By contact analysis and viscoelastic finite element method,the influence of fault structure on cross-fault short-leveling is obtained under the same constraint conditions,the results show that:with the increase of the horizontal projection distance of fault,the cumulative displacements of surface increase gradually in the models with fixed dip angles of the fault plane(model 1). However,when the horizontal projection distance exceeds 20 km,the influence of fault?s dip angle on the cumulative displacements of surface short-leveling will decrease significantly,and the cumulative displacements are maintained at about 1. 5 m. However,in the listric fault models(model 2),when the projection distance is less than 20 km,the listric fault structure impedes the sliding of fault. The short-leveling variation rate is only half of model 1;as a result,the ability to reflect the regional stress enhancement by cross-fault short-leveling is further weakened. But when the horizontal projection distance exceeds25 km,the cumulative displacements significantly increase,with the maximum displacement reaching 1. 75 m. The results of equivalent stress show that the listric fault structure causes a sudden increasement in equivalent stress when the horizontal projection distance is 10 km,higher equivalent stress values are accumulated between the projection distance of 5-20 km,and then high-low stress difference zones are formed at the bottom of the fault plane and near the transition zone of low-high dip angle.

发酵食品中微生物交叉保护策略及其作用机制研究进展

微生物在发酵食品的生产加工过程中往往会受到各种环境胁迫因子(酸、热、盐、氧化等)的影响。交叉保护是指微生物在受到某种胁迫后,诱导增强对这种胁迫及其他胁迫耐受能力的现象。利用交叉保护提升微生物环境耐受性对于改善微生物的功能特性、推动发酵食品产业发展具有重要意义。本文对发酵食品中微生物的交叉保护作用进行了综述,并围绕细胞成分、胞内pH值及蛋白质氨基酸调节系统对交叉保护作用下细胞的反应机制进行了总结,提出了提升微生物耐胁迫能力的相关策略。

跨断层切顶卸压自成巷顶板变形机理及控制技术研究

针对跨断层切顶卸压自成巷顶板变形大不易支护的问题,以棋盘井煤矿东区11101工作面运输巷为工程背景,探究跨断层切顶卸压自成巷顶板变形机理,研究“切顶卸压+恒阻锚索”支护对跨断层切顶卸压自成巷顶板变形的控制效果。建立力学分析模型研究断层及切顶卸压自成巷顶板各相关参数对巷道直接顶应力的影响,将切顶卸压自成巷顶板变形过程划分为4个阶段,研究巷道顶板各阶段及总垂直位移量计算方法并给出计算公式,并将相关参数代入公式求解跨断层切顶卸压自成巷顶板垂直位移量;利用3DEC数值模拟软件建立跨断层切顶卸压自成巷数值计算模型,研究断层附近巷道顶板应力应变演化规律及恒阻锚索控制效果,研究结果表明:数值模拟上下盘巷道顶板变形数据与理论分析所得数据结果误差分别为1.14%、4.04%;恒阻锚索能够有效减小巷道顶板变形,与未使用恒阻锚索模型相比,上盘巷道切缝侧顶板垂直位移量减小至16.8%,下盘巷道切缝侧顶板垂直位移量减小至50.7%;上下盘巷道顶板在工作面回采过巷道测点断面过程中出现不同程度的应力集中,其中上盘巷道顶板的垂直应力集中值大于下盘巷道,分别为5.72 MPa和4.48 MPa;恒阻锚索通过减缓断层附近巷道顶板变形速率,待巷旁碎石帮充填完成后与碎石帮共同对巷道顶板变形进行控制;将11101工作面运输巷围岩位移监测数据与理论模型计算结果相比较,误差均在10%以内,证明“切顶卸压+恒阻锚索”支护方式对跨断层巷道顶板变形具有良好的控制效果。

随动辊压型低应力精密断料教学实验平台开发

为了增强学生对先进成形装备及低应力精密断料技术的理解,开发了随动辊压型低应力精密断料教学实验平台。该实验平台综合利用机械设计、传感器技术及计算机控制技术,将应力集中效应和随动辊压技术引入管料的精密分离断料工序中,设计了管料断面质量评价方法,对带有V型槽的45#钢及304不锈钢管料进行了裂纹可控式低应力精密下料实验,验证了断料效果。该实验平台不仅使低应力断料过程更加直观,还提升了学生对低应力精密成形技术的认识,增强了学生对“机械制造工程基础”“切削原理与刀具”及“先进制造技术”等课程的学习兴趣。

某1400 MW等级核电汽轮机中低压连通管应力分析

以管道应力分析软件ROHR2为计算平台,对某1400 MW等级核电汽轮机组中低压连通管在冷态、热态、抽真空以及地震等不同工况下的应力水平进行了详细的计算分析。结合相关设计规范以及工程实际对各工况进行匹配组合,得出了管系整体的应力计算结果以及接口的荷载,以期向设计人员提供连通管道的应力评判、结构设计以及支吊架选型设计的相关理论依据,确保管系的安全可靠运行。

高地应力特大断面隧道的适宜施工工法

为探索高地应力特大断面软岩隧道的适宜施工方法,以桐梓隧道为工程背景,通过现场监测和数值模拟,探索不同高地应力下的3种施工工法[三台阶、CD(cross diaphragm)法、双侧壁导坑法]的适宜性,从围岩变形、施工成本以及施工进度等方面评价施工方法的优劣。结果表明:Ⅴ级围岩:当隧道埋深为300、400 m时,适用三台阶法施工;当埋深为500 m时,适用CD法施工;当埋深为600 m时,适用双侧壁导坑法施工。Ⅳ级围岩:当隧道埋深为300~600 m时,都适用三台阶法施工。