Cross-wedge rolling (CWR) is a metal process of ro ta ry forming. To produce a part, one cylindrical billet should be placed between t wo counterrotating and wedge-shape dies, which move tangentially relative each oth...Cross-wedge rolling (CWR) is a metal process of ro ta ry forming. To produce a part, one cylindrical billet should be placed between t wo counterrotating and wedge-shape dies, which move tangentially relative each other. The billet suffers plastic deformation (essentially, localized compressio n) during its rotation between the rotating dies. Compared to other numerical si mulation methods, the finite element method (FEM) has advantages in solving gene ral problems with complex shapes of the formed parts. In cross-wedge rolling, t here are four stages in the workpiece deformation process, namely knifing, guidi ng, stretching and sizing stage. It is time-consuming and expensive to design t he CWR process by trial and error method. The application of numerical simul ation for the CWR process will help engineers to efficiently improve the process development. Tselikov, Hayama, Jain and Kobayashi, and Higashimo applied the sl ip-line theory in study of CWR process analysis. Zb.pater studied CWR process i ncluding upsetting by upper-bound method. The above numerical simulation were b ased on the two-dimensional plain-strain assumption ignored the metal flow in workpiece axial direction. Therefore, the complex three-dimensional stress and deformation involved in CWR processes were not presented. Compared to other nume rical simulation methods, the finite element method (FEM) has advantages in solv ing general problems with complex shapes of the formed parts. As yet, a few 3-D finite element simulation studies on CWR process have been reported in literatu res. In this paper, the process of cross wedge rolling (CWR) has been simulated and analyzed by 3D rigid-plastic finite element method. Considering the charact eristic of CWR, the static implicit FEM program is selected. The models proposed in this study uses the commercial code DEFORM 3D to simulate the CWR process. T his is an implicit Lagrangian finite element code, which includes many new enhan cements functions. A new method of utilizing multiple processors using the MPI s tandard has been implemented. Automatic switching between the two different defo rmation solvers (Sparse Solver and Conjugate Gradient Solver) has also been impl emented in order to increase the speed of simulations. In this paper, all stages in CWR process are simulated to be able to closely understand and analyze the a ctual CWR process. For simulating all forming stages in CWR process, the dynam ic adaptive remeshing technology for tetrahedral solid elements was applied. T he stress distributions in cross section of forming workpiece are analyzed to in terpret fracture or rarefaction in the center of workpiece. Authors also analyze d the time-torque curve and the laws of load changing.展开更多
This study presents a novel method using a disk-like sample to assess the workability of metal during the cross wedge rolling(CWR)process.Using this method,we can quantitatively evaluate the moment destruction which o...This study presents a novel method using a disk-like sample to assess the workability of metal during the cross wedge rolling(CWR)process.Using this method,we can quantitatively evaluate the moment destruction which occurs at the center of the sample during CWR.In this study,45 steel was selected to demonstrate the proposed method.Firstly,we designed a model for the tools and sample,conducted finite element simulations to analyze the distribution regulations of metal flow,stress,and strain,and evaluated the relationship between the damage and moving distance of the tool during the forming process.Then,we obtained the optimal deformation temperature range,rolling speed,and geometry parameters for the tool.Finally,experiments were conducted from 20℃ to 1200℃ to verify the accuracy of the developed model.It was demonstrated that the model was significantly accurate in accessing the workability of 45 steel in the CWR process.The proposed method could be generalized to investigate the CWR process for other materials,such as aluminum alloys,superalloys,titanium alloys,etc.展开更多
文摘Cross-wedge rolling (CWR) is a metal process of ro ta ry forming. To produce a part, one cylindrical billet should be placed between t wo counterrotating and wedge-shape dies, which move tangentially relative each other. The billet suffers plastic deformation (essentially, localized compressio n) during its rotation between the rotating dies. Compared to other numerical si mulation methods, the finite element method (FEM) has advantages in solving gene ral problems with complex shapes of the formed parts. In cross-wedge rolling, t here are four stages in the workpiece deformation process, namely knifing, guidi ng, stretching and sizing stage. It is time-consuming and expensive to design t he CWR process by trial and error method. The application of numerical simul ation for the CWR process will help engineers to efficiently improve the process development. Tselikov, Hayama, Jain and Kobayashi, and Higashimo applied the sl ip-line theory in study of CWR process analysis. Zb.pater studied CWR process i ncluding upsetting by upper-bound method. The above numerical simulation were b ased on the two-dimensional plain-strain assumption ignored the metal flow in workpiece axial direction. Therefore, the complex three-dimensional stress and deformation involved in CWR processes were not presented. Compared to other nume rical simulation methods, the finite element method (FEM) has advantages in solv ing general problems with complex shapes of the formed parts. As yet, a few 3-D finite element simulation studies on CWR process have been reported in literatu res. In this paper, the process of cross wedge rolling (CWR) has been simulated and analyzed by 3D rigid-plastic finite element method. Considering the charact eristic of CWR, the static implicit FEM program is selected. The models proposed in this study uses the commercial code DEFORM 3D to simulate the CWR process. T his is an implicit Lagrangian finite element code, which includes many new enhan cements functions. A new method of utilizing multiple processors using the MPI s tandard has been implemented. Automatic switching between the two different defo rmation solvers (Sparse Solver and Conjugate Gradient Solver) has also been impl emented in order to increase the speed of simulations. In this paper, all stages in CWR process are simulated to be able to closely understand and analyze the a ctual CWR process. For simulating all forming stages in CWR process, the dynam ic adaptive remeshing technology for tetrahedral solid elements was applied. T he stress distributions in cross section of forming workpiece are analyzed to in terpret fracture or rarefaction in the center of workpiece. Authors also analyze d the time-torque curve and the laws of load changing.
基金This work was financially supported by the Sino-Belarus Inter-Governmental S&T Cooperation project(Grant No.CB0209)the National Key R&D Plan(Grant No.SQ2018YFE011170)the Technical Innovation Program of Liaoning Province(Grant No.2020JH6/10500018).
文摘This study presents a novel method using a disk-like sample to assess the workability of metal during the cross wedge rolling(CWR)process.Using this method,we can quantitatively evaluate the moment destruction which occurs at the center of the sample during CWR.In this study,45 steel was selected to demonstrate the proposed method.Firstly,we designed a model for the tools and sample,conducted finite element simulations to analyze the distribution regulations of metal flow,stress,and strain,and evaluated the relationship between the damage and moving distance of the tool during the forming process.Then,we obtained the optimal deformation temperature range,rolling speed,and geometry parameters for the tool.Finally,experiments were conducted from 20℃ to 1200℃ to verify the accuracy of the developed model.It was demonstrated that the model was significantly accurate in accessing the workability of 45 steel in the CWR process.The proposed method could be generalized to investigate the CWR process for other materials,such as aluminum alloys,superalloys,titanium alloys,etc.
