The present paper is focused on the analysis of the European building processes from the historical perspective of federalism （from ethnic federalism to current federalism） applied to the current framework of Europe...The present paper is focused on the analysis of the European building processes from the historical perspective of federalism （from ethnic federalism to current federalism） applied to the current framework of Europeanization and cross-border cooperation in Europe. With the objective of reviewing some of its processes and impacts, an analysis structure has been set, being the main purpose to extract conclusions on the long Europeanization process undertaken by the EU institutions. One of these recent processes reached the consolidation of Euroregions as cross-border cooperation institutions within the framework of multilevel governance. For the main purpose of the paper, the following questions are raised： How has contributed the perspective of federalism to the building of cross-border institutions, namely Euroregions？ After three decades of implementation of the formal cooperation in Europe through institutions as the Euroregions, can it be confirmed that the Eurnregions are consolidated as an institutional benchmark within the cross-border cooperation in Europe （CBC-E）？ In order to answer these questions, a review of the historic perspective of ethnic federalism applied to the classical models of formal cooperation is undertaken. From this historical revision, the development of the Euroregion within the EU will be analyzed. Finally, the present paper is focused on the case study of the cross-border space that are the Autonomous Region of Galician and the Regiao Norte de Portugal, as well as its most important cooperative institution, the Euro-region Galicia-North Portugal.展开更多
This study is being carried out in the cross-border area of </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-fam...This study is being carried out in the cross-border area of </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the tri-national Dja-Odzala-Minkébé (TRIDOM), subject of a cooperation agreement between Cameroon, Congo a</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">nd Gabon in 2005. The purpose of this study is to analyze the dynamics of changes in land use in the context of cross-border cooperation. Geographic information systems and remote sensing were used to produce the various land use maps. For this purpose, the MERIS satellite images for the periods 1992, 2005 and 2018 were used. The exploration of the different images and the field visits made it possible to identify the following six land use classes: dense forests, degraded/deforested forests, savannas, swamp forests, buildings and bare soils, water surfaces. It emerges that the TRIDOM landscape is mainly occupied by dense forests which represent 97.02%, 96.72% and 96.52% respectively in 1992, 2005 and 2018. Then, degraded/deforested forests and savannas which would correspond to cultivation areas and fallow land only represent respectively 1.06% and 0.68% of the landscape in 1992. This proportion in 2005 is respectively 1.22% and 0.77%, whereas in 2018, it is respectively 1.36% and 0.81% of the massif. The landscape of TRIDOM has not experienced any significant land use change during the period after the signing of the cooperation agreement. Historical rates of deforestation are low during the period under study. They are estimated at 0.042% and 0.030% respectively for the period 1992-2005 and the period 2005-2018. These low rates of deforestation seem to be due to the measures taken to secure and sustainably manage the massif taken by the three countries, the low population density in this area and the still difficult level of accessibility of a large part of the massif.展开更多
The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation(SCO)is the most extensive and populous comprehensive regional cooperation organization in the world,covering about half of the world's population,with not only a huge consumer...The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation(SCO)is the most extensive and populous comprehensive regional cooperation organization in the world,covering about half of the world's population,with not only a huge consumer market,but also rich natural resources and strong productivity.As one of the important platforms for the implementation of the Green Belt and Road Initiative,it is an important opportunity for the SCO to actively participate in global governance and contribute to building a community of global life.To investigate the status of biodiversity conservation in the SCO countries,we used literature analysis approach.We surveyed the performance and international cooperation status of the SCO countries in the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD),listed facing problems and threats to biodiversity conservation,including not optimistic biodiversity conservation project implementation status,contradiction between ecological protection and economic development,impacts of human activities,lack of funds and talents,etc.,and analyzed the biodiversity protection needs of the SCO countries from the perspectives of project and policy implementation status and international cooperation.According to the cooperation between China and the other SCO countries on biodiversity conservation and the post-2020 global biodiversity framework goals,we gave some recommendations:(1)promoting access to genetic resources and benefit-sharing;(2)integrating multiple funds and innovating the implementation of funding mechanism;(3)developing talent training and exchange programs and deepening multilateral cooperation;(4)strengthening cross-border cooperation and improving cooperation network;and(5)establishing a coordination mechanism for biodiversity conservation within the framework of the SCO.展开更多
Based on the blockchain technology to construct the relevant research on the China-Europe cross-border e-commerce ecosystem,we must first define the main significance and combine the core technology application of blo...Based on the blockchain technology to construct the relevant research on the China-Europe cross-border e-commerce ecosystem,we must first define the main significance and combine the core technology application of blockchain to explore the blockchain China-Europe cross-border e-commerce ecosystem,thereby drawing effective measures such as establishing a cross-border e-commerce integrated service system,improving e-commerce credit risk management and establishing a blockchain supply chain intelligence system,which comprehensively elaborates on the importance of blockchain technology to build a China-Europe cross-border e-commerce ecosystem.展开更多
This paper delves into the national standards for e-invoices,the seamless integration of fully-digitalized e-invoices with international norms,and the digital identity system,shares the explorations and practices made...This paper delves into the national standards for e-invoices,the seamless integration of fully-digitalized e-invoices with international norms,and the digital identity system,shares the explorations and practices made by China’s tax authorities in cross-border interoperability,and proposes suggestions and outlook for future development.展开更多
The Chinese approach to poverty reduction is a government-led and marketbased approach that gives priority to infrastructure and combines fiscal subsidy with development as an antidote to poverty.These characteristics...The Chinese approach to poverty reduction is a government-led and marketbased approach that gives priority to infrastructure and combines fiscal subsidy with development as an antidote to poverty.These characteristics are also evident in China’s cooperation with other developing countries on poverty reduction.China supports other developing countries to reduce poverty via aid and investment mainly in the field of infrastructure.While the government and SOEs take the lead in foreign aid and investment,China also invites other sources of capital to participate in market-based development in partnership with recipient countries.Our empirical research finds that aid and investment from China are generally conducive to reducing poverty incidence in recipient developing countries,but their poverty reduction effects vary across different types of aid and investment.The elements characteristic of the Chinese approach to poverty reduction proved to be effective in helping other developing countries reduce poverty as well.Nevertheless,the effectiveness of aid and investment in reducing poverty is subject to the governance and market efficiency of recipient countries.In order for the Chinese experience to work in less developed countries,future cooperation on poverty reduction must put a premium on governance and market systems.展开更多
This paper discusses cross-border cooperation at the level of urban socio-economic systems. Worldwide, cross-border urban cooperation has in several cases produced socio-economic and political coherence supported by v...This paper discusses cross-border cooperation at the level of urban socio-economic systems. Worldwide, cross-border urban cooperation has in several cases produced socio-economic and political coherence supported by various joint programs and efforts. However, the degree of coherence varies and seldom cre-ates socio-economically and politically tightly integrated "Twin-Cities" where the state border becomes highly transparent or ob-scure. Focusing on Finlan d and China, our aim is to identify whether the selected border towns represent coherent TwinCities or a more loose type of "paired border towns". The study uses an empirical examination of three Finnish towns (Helsinki, Tornio, Imatra) and their neighboring towns in Estonia, Sweden, and Rus-sia as a benchmark. Then, a comparative study is made regarding three Chinese cross-border cities facing Russia, Vietnam and Ka-zakhstan. We highlight the differences in cross-border integration from the viewpoint of shared public sector programs, cross-border enterprise relocation and networking, and integrated social sector in terms of labor market, education and shopping area.展开更多
The Silk Road Economic Belt （SREB） opens new development opportunities for Russia in general, and its Eastern regions in particular, via larger-scale and multi-level international cooperation. The eastern regions of...The Silk Road Economic Belt （SREB） opens new development opportunities for Russia in general, and its Eastern regions in particular, via larger-scale and multi-level international cooperation. The eastern regions of Russia, rich in natural resources, have traditionally focused on resource extraction. In the context of the SREB, the issues of environmental security in Eastern Russia come to the fore. Here, we propose tools for ＇diagnosis＇ if a chosen path of regional economic development proceeds according to the concept of a green economy. We use different indicators based on eco-intensity. We determine ecological-economic development trends in the Eastern border regions of Russia at the initial stage of the Silk Road Economic Belt formation to serve as a starting point and guideline for development processes within the SREB. If cooperation is directed to implementing the best Chinese production chains, significant improvements in the quality of economic growth in Russia will be achieved.展开更多
The foundation of Shanxi University is a prime example of the collaborative efforts in higher education between the Chinese and British in late Qing China(1842-1912).Both sides made compromises,with the Chinese adapti...The foundation of Shanxi University is a prime example of the collaborative efforts in higher education between the Chinese and British in late Qing China(1842-1912).Both sides made compromises,with the Chinese adapting their ideas of educational sovereignty,and the British agreeing to work under the supervision of the local government.Such a collaboration was made possible by the individual personalities of the two founders and their visions for China’s higher education.The dual structure of the university,with one department to teach Chinese learning and the other to teach Western learning,showed that,at a local and personal level,these officials and missionaries opted for direct cooperation,despite the myriad changes and upheavals following the Boxer Movement.In addition,by allowing foreign missionaries into critical roles in a government university,the principle of ti-yong dualism was gradually being adapted.The formation of Shanxi University not only demonstrates the dynamics of the Sino-Western educational relationship and the roles individuals played in it,but also stimulates reflection on China’s contemporary cross-border partnerships in higher education.展开更多
文摘The present paper is focused on the analysis of the European building processes from the historical perspective of federalism （from ethnic federalism to current federalism） applied to the current framework of Europeanization and cross-border cooperation in Europe. With the objective of reviewing some of its processes and impacts, an analysis structure has been set, being the main purpose to extract conclusions on the long Europeanization process undertaken by the EU institutions. One of these recent processes reached the consolidation of Euroregions as cross-border cooperation institutions within the framework of multilevel governance. For the main purpose of the paper, the following questions are raised： How has contributed the perspective of federalism to the building of cross-border institutions, namely Euroregions？ After three decades of implementation of the formal cooperation in Europe through institutions as the Euroregions, can it be confirmed that the Eurnregions are consolidated as an institutional benchmark within the cross-border cooperation in Europe （CBC-E）？ In order to answer these questions, a review of the historic perspective of ethnic federalism applied to the classical models of formal cooperation is undertaken. From this historical revision, the development of the Euroregion within the EU will be analyzed. Finally, the present paper is focused on the case study of the cross-border space that are the Autonomous Region of Galician and the Regiao Norte de Portugal, as well as its most important cooperative institution, the Euro-region Galicia-North Portugal.
文摘This study is being carried out in the cross-border area of </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the tri-national Dja-Odzala-Minkébé (TRIDOM), subject of a cooperation agreement between Cameroon, Congo a</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">nd Gabon in 2005. The purpose of this study is to analyze the dynamics of changes in land use in the context of cross-border cooperation. Geographic information systems and remote sensing were used to produce the various land use maps. For this purpose, the MERIS satellite images for the periods 1992, 2005 and 2018 were used. The exploration of the different images and the field visits made it possible to identify the following six land use classes: dense forests, degraded/deforested forests, savannas, swamp forests, buildings and bare soils, water surfaces. It emerges that the TRIDOM landscape is mainly occupied by dense forests which represent 97.02%, 96.72% and 96.52% respectively in 1992, 2005 and 2018. Then, degraded/deforested forests and savannas which would correspond to cultivation areas and fallow land only represent respectively 1.06% and 0.68% of the landscape in 1992. This proportion in 2005 is respectively 1.22% and 0.77%, whereas in 2018, it is respectively 1.36% and 0.81% of the massif. The landscape of TRIDOM has not experienced any significant land use change during the period after the signing of the cooperation agreement. Historical rates of deforestation are low during the period under study. They are estimated at 0.042% and 0.030% respectively for the period 1992-2005 and the period 2005-2018. These low rates of deforestation seem to be due to the measures taken to secure and sustainably manage the massif taken by the three countries, the low population density in this area and the still difficult level of accessibility of a large part of the massif.
基金the International Cooperation and Compliance Programme of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment,the People’s Republic of China(22110106029)。
文摘The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation(SCO)is the most extensive and populous comprehensive regional cooperation organization in the world,covering about half of the world's population,with not only a huge consumer market,but also rich natural resources and strong productivity.As one of the important platforms for the implementation of the Green Belt and Road Initiative,it is an important opportunity for the SCO to actively participate in global governance and contribute to building a community of global life.To investigate the status of biodiversity conservation in the SCO countries,we used literature analysis approach.We surveyed the performance and international cooperation status of the SCO countries in the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD),listed facing problems and threats to biodiversity conservation,including not optimistic biodiversity conservation project implementation status,contradiction between ecological protection and economic development,impacts of human activities,lack of funds and talents,etc.,and analyzed the biodiversity protection needs of the SCO countries from the perspectives of project and policy implementation status and international cooperation.According to the cooperation between China and the other SCO countries on biodiversity conservation and the post-2020 global biodiversity framework goals,we gave some recommendations:(1)promoting access to genetic resources and benefit-sharing;(2)integrating multiple funds and innovating the implementation of funding mechanism;(3)developing talent training and exchange programs and deepening multilateral cooperation;(4)strengthening cross-border cooperation and improving cooperation network;and(5)establishing a coordination mechanism for biodiversity conservation within the framework of the SCO.
文摘Based on the blockchain technology to construct the relevant research on the China-Europe cross-border e-commerce ecosystem,we must first define the main significance and combine the core technology application of blockchain to explore the blockchain China-Europe cross-border e-commerce ecosystem,thereby drawing effective measures such as establishing a cross-border e-commerce integrated service system,improving e-commerce credit risk management and establishing a blockchain supply chain intelligence system,which comprehensively elaborates on the importance of blockchain technology to build a China-Europe cross-border e-commerce ecosystem.
文摘This paper delves into the national standards for e-invoices,the seamless integration of fully-digitalized e-invoices with international norms,and the digital identity system,shares the explorations and practices made by China’s tax authorities in cross-border interoperability,and proposes suggestions and outlook for future development.
文摘The Chinese approach to poverty reduction is a government-led and marketbased approach that gives priority to infrastructure and combines fiscal subsidy with development as an antidote to poverty.These characteristics are also evident in China’s cooperation with other developing countries on poverty reduction.China supports other developing countries to reduce poverty via aid and investment mainly in the field of infrastructure.While the government and SOEs take the lead in foreign aid and investment,China also invites other sources of capital to participate in market-based development in partnership with recipient countries.Our empirical research finds that aid and investment from China are generally conducive to reducing poverty incidence in recipient developing countries,but their poverty reduction effects vary across different types of aid and investment.The elements characteristic of the Chinese approach to poverty reduction proved to be effective in helping other developing countries reduce poverty as well.Nevertheless,the effectiveness of aid and investment in reducing poverty is subject to the governance and market efficiency of recipient countries.In order for the Chinese experience to work in less developed countries,future cooperation on poverty reduction must put a premium on governance and market systems.
文摘This paper discusses cross-border cooperation at the level of urban socio-economic systems. Worldwide, cross-border urban cooperation has in several cases produced socio-economic and political coherence supported by various joint programs and efforts. However, the degree of coherence varies and seldom cre-ates socio-economically and politically tightly integrated "Twin-Cities" where the state border becomes highly transparent or ob-scure. Focusing on Finlan d and China, our aim is to identify whether the selected border towns represent coherent TwinCities or a more loose type of "paired border towns". The study uses an empirical examination of three Finnish towns (Helsinki, Tornio, Imatra) and their neighboring towns in Estonia, Sweden, and Rus-sia as a benchmark. Then, a comparative study is made regarding three Chinese cross-border cities facing Russia, Vietnam and Ka-zakhstan. We highlight the differences in cross-border integration from the viewpoint of shared public sector programs, cross-border enterprise relocation and networking, and integrated social sector in terms of labor market, education and shopping area.
基金Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences(Project IX.88.1.6.)
文摘The Silk Road Economic Belt （SREB） opens new development opportunities for Russia in general, and its Eastern regions in particular, via larger-scale and multi-level international cooperation. The eastern regions of Russia, rich in natural resources, have traditionally focused on resource extraction. In the context of the SREB, the issues of environmental security in Eastern Russia come to the fore. Here, we propose tools for ＇diagnosis＇ if a chosen path of regional economic development proceeds according to the concept of a green economy. We use different indicators based on eco-intensity. We determine ecological-economic development trends in the Eastern border regions of Russia at the initial stage of the Silk Road Economic Belt formation to serve as a starting point and guideline for development processes within the SREB. If cooperation is directed to implementing the best Chinese production chains, significant improvements in the quality of economic growth in Russia will be achieved.
文摘The foundation of Shanxi University is a prime example of the collaborative efforts in higher education between the Chinese and British in late Qing China(1842-1912).Both sides made compromises,with the Chinese adapting their ideas of educational sovereignty,and the British agreeing to work under the supervision of the local government.Such a collaboration was made possible by the individual personalities of the two founders and their visions for China’s higher education.The dual structure of the university,with one department to teach Chinese learning and the other to teach Western learning,showed that,at a local and personal level,these officials and missionaries opted for direct cooperation,despite the myriad changes and upheavals following the Boxer Movement.In addition,by allowing foreign missionaries into critical roles in a government university,the principle of ti-yong dualism was gradually being adapted.The formation of Shanxi University not only demonstrates the dynamics of the Sino-Western educational relationship and the roles individuals played in it,but also stimulates reflection on China’s contemporary cross-border partnerships in higher education.
