Federalism and Euro-Regions in Europe： What Have We Learned From Twenty-Five Years of Cross-Border Cooperation in the Euro-region of Galicia-North Portugal？

The present paper is focused on the analysis of the European building processes from the historical perspective of federalism （from ethnic federalism to current federalism） applied to the current framework of Europeanization and cross-border cooperation in Europe. With the objective of reviewing some of its processes and impacts, an analysis structure has been set, being the main purpose to extract conclusions on the long Europeanization process undertaken by the EU institutions. One of these recent processes reached the consolidation of Euroregions as cross-border cooperation institutions within the framework of multilevel governance. For the main purpose of the paper, the following questions are raised： How has contributed the perspective of federalism to the building of cross-border institutions, namely Euroregions？ After three decades of implementation of the formal cooperation in Europe through institutions as the Euroregions, can it be confirmed that the Eurnregions are consolidated as an institutional benchmark within the cross-border cooperation in Europe （CBC-E）？ In order to answer these questions, a review of the historic perspective of ethnic federalism applied to the classical models of formal cooperation is undertaken. From this historical revision, the development of the Euroregion within the EU will be analyzed. Finally, the present paper is focused on the case study of the cross-border space that are the Autonomous Region of Galician and the Regiao Norte de Portugal, as well as its most important cooperative institution, the Euro-region Galicia-North Portugal.

Spatio-Temporal Dynamic of Land Use in the Dja-Odzala-MinkébéLandscape between Cameroon, Congo and Gabon: Influence on the Evolution of Forest Cover in a Context of Cross-Border Cooperation

This study is being carried out in the cross-border area of the tri-national Dja-Odzala-Minkébé (TRIDOM), subject of a cooperation agreement between Cameroon, Congo and Gabon in 2005. The purpose of this study is to analyze the dynamics of changes in land use in the context of cross-border cooperation. Geographic information systems and remote sensing were used to produce the various land use maps. For this purpose, the MERIS satellite images for the periods 1992, 2005 and 2018 were used. The exploration of the different images and the field visits made it possible to identify the following six land use classes: dense forests, degraded/deforested forests, savannas, swamp forests, buildings and bare soils, water surfaces. It emerges that the TRIDOM landscape is mainly occupied by dense forests which represent 97.02%, 96.72% and 96.52% respectively in 1992, 2005 and 2018. Then, degraded/deforested forests and savannas which would correspond to cultivation areas and fallow land only represent respectively 1.06% and 0.68% of the landscape in 1992. This proportion in 2005 is respectively 1.22% and 0.77%, whereas in 2018, it is respectively 1.36% and 0.81% of the massif. The landscape of TRIDOM has not experienced any significant land use change during the period after the signing of the cooperation agreement. Historical rates of deforestation are low during the period under study. They are estimated at 0.042% and 0.030% respectively for the period 1992-2005 and the period 2005-2018. These low rates of deforestation seem to be due to the measures taken to secure and sustainably manage the massif taken by the three countries, the low population density in this area and the still difficult level of accessibility of a large part of the massif.

Research on the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity among the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation countries

The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation(SCO)is the most extensive and populous comprehensive regional cooperation organization in the world,covering about half of the world's population,with not only a huge consumer market,but also rich natural resources and strong productivity.As one of the important platforms for the implementation of the Green Belt and Road Initiative,it is an important opportunity for the SCO to actively participate in global governance and contribute to building a community of global life.To investigate the status of biodiversity conservation in the SCO countries,we used literature analysis approach.We surveyed the performance and international cooperation status of the SCO countries in the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD),listed facing problems and threats to biodiversity conservation,including not optimistic biodiversity conservation project implementation status,contradiction between ecological protection and economic development,impacts of human activities,lack of funds and talents,etc.,and analyzed the biodiversity protection needs of the SCO countries from the perspectives of project and policy implementation status and international cooperation.According to the cooperation between China and the other SCO countries on biodiversity conservation and the post-2020 global biodiversity framework goals,we gave some recommendations:(1)promoting access to genetic resources and benefit-sharing;(2)integrating multiple funds and innovating the implementation of funding mechanism;(3)developing talent training and exchange programs and deepening multilateral cooperation;(4)strengthening cross-border cooperation and improving cooperation network;and(5)establishing a coordination mechanism for biodiversity conservation within the framework of the SCO.

Institutional Factors Affecting the Economic Performance of Peasant Special Cooperative Organization——A Case of Cuiping District,Yibin City,China

Literatures about the institutional arrangement of the Peasant Special Cooperative Organization are summarized.Based on the introduction of theoretical background,the overall level of annual earnings in the year 2008 is selected as a dependent variable to evaluate the economic performance of cooperative organizations,according to the investigation on 54 Peasant Special Cooperative Organizations in Cuiping District,Sichuan Province,China.A total of 13 institutional indices passing the correlation test are chosen as independent variables.Relationship between the development level and the institutional factors affecting the economic performance of cooperative organizations is studied by using factor analysis method.Result shows that there is relatively high consistency between the score of institutional factor and the development level of cooperative organization.Both macroscopic support system and internal benefit distribution system have greater impacts on the Peasant Special Cooperative Organization;the internal supervision factor and the interest factor of core members have insignificant impacts on the economic performance;and the production management factor has little effect on economic performance.Based on this,several suggestions are put forward,including standardizing and reforming the system,improving the countermeasures for economic performance,strengthening the support and policy guidance for Peasant Special Cooperative Organization,improving and standardizing the distribution of benefit system,the security system and monitoring system for core members' interests,and fully reflecting the interests of core members.

Research on applying the interests distribution method of enterprise-university-research institute cooperation based on nash model

In order to get an acceptable interests-distribution scheme for each partner of enterprise-university-research institute cooperation in advance,based on Nash model,the paper designs the interest distribution method of enterprise-university-research institute cooperation and provides the basis for determining the weight of each partner in accordance with the interest distribution principles and subjected relations between major factors in enterprise-university-research institute cooperation.Also,in combination with one example,an applicable method is provided to distribute interest in enterprise-university-research institute cooperation.The study gives some references for interests-distribution of enterprise-university-research institute cooperation.

Theoretical Considerations of Vocational Education School-Enterprise Cooperation Alliances Based on Institutional Mechanism Innovation

In the current global economic landscape, vocational education plays a vital role in nurturing technical and vocational skills while serving as a driving force for societal development and innovation. However, the vocational education sector faces challenges related to educational quality, employment rates, and alignment with industries. School-enterprise cooperation alliances have emerged as crucial mechanisms to enhance vocational education. This paper explores theoretical considerations of vocational education school-enterprise cooperation alliances, emphasizing institutional and mechanistic innovation. The study investigates key aspects, including formation, development, operational models, and effects and evaluations of such alliances. Through comprehensive research, this paper aims to provide theoretical support and policy recommendations for the sustainable advancement of vocational education school-enterprise cooperation alliances. The research’s significance lies in its potential to influence collaboration between educational institutions and businesses, impact students’ career development, and contribute to societal economic growth.

Progress of International Cooperation Between RIPED and Foreign Institute

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Chinese, Uzbek Institutions Agree to Human Rights Cooperation

The China Society for Human Rights Studies and the National Human Rights Center of Uzbekistan signed a mem- orandum of understanding （MOU） over cooperation on human rights on September 13, 2013.

SELF-DEVELOPMENT IS THE PRIMARY TARGET IN INTERNA- TIONAL COOPERATION FOR A RESEARCH INSTITUTE

In the current context of reform, "open-door" and the initiation of the socialist market economy,one of the key aspects in our ceaseless exploration and practice is to promote international cooperation and academic exchange with foreign scholars as a supplementary means of our institute’s survival,development and winning against overseas competition.

Comparative Study of Environmental Institutional Framework and Setup in the GCC States

Establishing environmental institutions will aid in providing effective responses on any changes in the status of environment by improving the current policies by having solid management strategies to combat environmental degradation. All the six member countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) have established similar environmental institutional bodies that serve with the mandate of conserving and protecting the environment. Degrees of implementation, wealth, state of environment reporting and strategic planning are varying and closer inspection has to be done. Institutionalization in GCC states has to be promoted to cover major framework of sustainable development strategies. This will guarantee the use-effectiveness of those polices and other environmental management tools to ensure sustainable development of the natural resources. This paper attempts to list and examine the current status of all GCC country’s environment institutional framework and setup through comparison of the available information, highlighting the achievement of some and providing some guidance for others on how it could be enhanced.

On Localization of ELT at Sino-foreign Cooperative Institutions

With the rapid development of educational reform and innovation,Sino-foreign Cooperative Institutions have made greatachievements.Especially after China entered the WTO,as foreign universities educational resources are introduced,the localiza-tion of English language teaching arouse much attention.This paper is to explore and study the Localization of English LanguageTeaching at Sino-foreign Cooperative Institutions.And then is the study on localization of English language teaching at SIAS Inter-national University.Through the evidence of this paper shows,it can pose a theory reference and support to Sino-foreign Coopera-tive Institutions.

Medicine-Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Based on Bibliometric Analysis: A Case Study on Medicine-Engineering Institutional Cooperation of Shanghai Jiao Tong University

This article aims to provide reference for medicine-engineering interdisciplinary research.Targeted at the scientific literature and patent literature published by Shanghai Jiao Tong University,this article attempts to set up co-occurrence matrix of medicine-engineering institutional information which was extracted from address fields of the papers,so as to construct the medicine-engineering intersection datasets.The dataset of scientific literature was analyzed using bibliometrics and visualization methods from multiple dimensions,and the most active factors,such as trends of output,journal and subject distribution,were identified from the indicators of category normalized citation impact(CNCI),times cited,keywords,citation topics and the degree of medicineengineering interdisplinary.Research on hotspots and trends was discussed in detail.Analyses of the dataset of patent literature showed research themes and measured the degree for technology convergence of medicineengineering.

Research on the Construction of China-Europe Cross-border E-com-merce Ecosphere Based on Blockchain Technology

Based on the blockchain technology to construct the relevant research on the China-Europe cross-border e-commerce ecosystem,we must first define the main significance and combine the core technology application of blockchain to explore the blockchain China-Europe cross-border e-commerce ecosystem,thereby drawing effective measures such as establishing a cross-border e-commerce integrated service system,improving e-commerce credit risk management and establishing a blockchain supply chain intelligence system,which comprehensively elaborates on the importance of blockchain technology to build a China-Europe cross-border e-commerce ecosystem.

U.S.’ Recognition, Evaluation of China-U.S. Educational Cooperation and Its Enlightenment to China--Analysis Based on the Survey Reports by U.S.’Policy Elites

Educational cooperation is one of the key factors to embody humanistic exchanges and promote the development of international relations.Through the analysis of four survey reports on China-U.S.educational cooperation,it is found that American policy elites generally attach importance to the distribution of power,the application of law,mutual benefit between the two countries in educational cooperation,and pay attention to the potential motivation and influence of China.China should rationally refer to the views and suggestions,strengthen the effectiveness of dialogue mechanism,enhance the credibility of international discourse,and at the same time encourage the negotiation and governance among cooperative universities,so as to promote the stable and sustainable development of education cooperation.

A Comparative Study of Humanistic Exchange and Cooperation between China and Southeast Asian in the Perspective of "the Belt and Road" Initiative

In the exchanges between different countries,apart from enhancing political mutual trust and strengthening pragmatic cooperation,it is of great importance to forging humanistic exchange.With a long history of exchanges between China and all the countries in South-east Asia,the humanistic exchange between China and South-east Asia has been continuing since the founding of the People's Republic of China.After the establishment of China-ASEAN dialogue relations,the strategic position of humanistic exchange has been rapidly improved.By means of the case study of Confucius Institute,sister cities,and tourism cooperation,the author has found that humanistic exchange between China and South-east Asia has enjoyed a long history and embodied profound and extensive meaning.It is the ancient Maritime Silk Road that helped to form the exchanges between China and South-east Asia.In the meantime,it is the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road that has deepened this friendship.The successful experience of humanistic exchange and cooperation between China and South-east Asia has not only consolidated the China-ASEAN strategic partnership but also provided a conducive reference for people-to-people ties in the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative.In addition,it has added dynamics and confidence to the building of a community with a shared future for mankind which is propelled by China's humanistic diplomacy.

Enhancing Cross-Border Interoperability to Advance International Digitalization Cooperation

This paper delves into the national standards for e-invoices,the seamless integration of fully-digitalized e-invoices with international norms,and the digital identity system,shares the explorations and practices made by China’s tax authorities in cross-border interoperability,and proposes suggestions and outlook for future development.

新时代中国特色学徒制制度特征及优化路径--基于对2012-2022年81份学徒制政策文本的分析

中国特色学徒制制度是现代学徒制在新时代中国的制度实现形态,是中国特色学徒制政策发展的逻辑起点。以2012-2022年中国特色学徒制政策文本内容为依据,从政策视角对新时代中国特色学徒制制度进行分析表明,中国特色学徒制制度是中国特色职业教育和培训制度改革发展的必然结果,它建立在新时代学徒制本土化实践试验的基础上,融汇聚力政校行企等多元主体参与学徒人才培养,最终为中国式现代化提供技术技能人才支撑。针对中国特色学徒制制度构建中所面临的难点,未来还需进一步优化顶层设计、强化制度供给,协调各方利益、构建共治网络,引导行业参与、增强校企合力,完善质量体系、提升应用价值,由此推动中国特色学徒制实现高质量内涵式发展。

国际安全制度与总体国家安全:一种理论分析

一国的总体国家安全虽然涉及方方面面,但国内政治和国际政治是贯穿这些领域的两条主线。国际安全制度构成了维护各领域国家安全的重要依托:国际安全制度能够塑造各国国家安全的外部环境,影响不同领域的国家安全利益,促进不同领域的国际安全合作,从而有利于实现各国的总体国家安全。二战结束以来,主权平等、不干涉内政和不使用武力解决国际争端等基本原则已经大大改善了全球安全环境,构成中小国家主权独立和国家安全的重要保障。同时,普遍性的国际安全原则和规范也可以应用到各个具体领域的安全规则的构建,从而直接影响各国维护相关领域国家安全的能力与利益。多边安全联盟会带来高水平的国际安全合作,促进联盟成员的总体国家安全,但也可能减损其他国家的安全水平,从而导致冲突。纯粹的区域性集体安全制度在提升各成员国家安全水平的同时,也具有合作安全和共同安全的优点。各国应该积极参与国际安全制度的构建,并有效运用国际安全制度提升本国的国家安全水平。

“学校—培训机构”特色课后服务合作行为机理及困境突破——基于社会交换理论的分析

“学校—培训机构”合作是特色课后服务供给的重要模式。从社会交换理论视角分析学校与培训机构的合作行为机理发现,报酬吸引与组织支持促成双方的合作动机,资源吸纳与权力依赖促使双方合作达成,信任维系与秩序强化保证双方的持续性合作。但是,“学校—培训机构”合作仍存在组织信息不对称导致合作动机减弱、监管机制不到位导致资源吸纳利用率低、主体沟通不顺畅导致合作难以持续等问题。因此,应强化信息透明,稳固特色课后服务的吸引力;加强运行监管,增加特色课后服务的吸纳度;畅通交流渠道,保障特色课后服务的持续性,以更好地发挥课后服务的育人功能,满足学生的多样化需求。

“一带一路”背景下农业科研院所与埃塞俄比亚合作成效浅析——以中国与埃塞俄比亚旱作玉米技术合作为例

为了提升埃塞俄比亚玉米产业发展水平,响应“一带一路”倡议,执行科技部对发展中国家科技援助项目,河北省农林科学院生物技术与食品科学研究所联合多家科研单位开展了中国与埃塞俄比亚国家抗旱玉米栽培联合技术研究与示范工作。文章阐述了科技合作立项背景、科技合作的重要意义,以及科技合作的主要内容及取得的成效,如引进种质资源、筛选抗旱玉米杂交种、筛选抗旱投入品、配套栽培技术研究与示范等,并提出了建立长期科技合作及交流机制、鼓励科研单位主动“走出去”、加强储备国际科技合作人才等建议,以期为农业科研院所更好地开展国际科技合作提供借鉴。