Analysis of influencing factors of excitation parameters for magnetoacoustic tomography with current injection

Magneto-acoustic tomography with current injection(MAT-CI) is a type of hybrid imaging;under the excitation of the static magnetic field, the thermoacoustic effect and the Lorentz force effect will exist at the same time. Therefore,the detected signal is a mixed signal generated by the simultaneous action of the two effects, but the influence of excitation parameters on the two effects is different. In this paper, for objects with different conductivity, the proportion of thermoacoustic signal(TA) and magneto-acoustic signal(MA) in the mixed signal is quantitatively analyzed in terms of three aspects: the magnetic induction intensity, pulse excitation and injection current polarity. Experimental and simulation analyses show that the intensity ratio of MA to TA is not affected when the conductivity varies from 0.1 S/m to 1.5 S/m and other conditions remain unchanged. When the amplitude of the pulse excitation and the strength of the magnetic induction are different, the growth rates of MA and TA are different, which has a significant impact on the proportion of the two signals in the mixed signal. At the same time, due to the Lorentz force effect, MA is affected by the polarity of the injected current and the direction of the static magnetic field. The combination of the static magnetic field and the injected current can not only distinguish the two signals in the mixed signal, but also effectively enhance the intensity of the mixed signal and improve the quality of the reconstructed image.

Adaptive restarting method for LCC-HVDC based on principle of fault location by current injection

The existing LCC-HVDC transmission project adopts the fixed-time delay restarting method.This method has disadvantages such as non-selectivity,long restart process,and high probability of restart failure.These issues cause a secondary impact on equipment and system power fluctuation.To solve this problem,an adaptive restarting method based on the principle of fault location by current injection is proposed.First,an additional control strategy is proposed to inject a current detection signal.Second,the propagation law of the current signal in the line is analyzed based on the distributed parameter model of transmission line.Finally,a method for identifying fault properties based on the principle of fault location is proposed.The method fully considers the influence of the long-distance transmission line with earth capacitance and overcomes the influence of the increasing effect of the opposite terminal.Simulation results show that the proposed method can accurately identify the fault properties under various complex fault conditions and subsequently realize the adaptive restarting process.

Research on Open-circuit Fault Tolerant Control of Six-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Based on Fifth Harmonic Current Injection

This paper proposes a novel control approach for fault-tolerant control of dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM) under one-phase open-circuit fault.A modified six-phase static coordinate transformation matrix and an extended rotating coordinate transformation matrix are investigated considering the influence of the fifth harmonic space on fault-tolerant control. These mathematical models are further analyzed in the fundamental space and the fifth harmonic space after the fault and to eliminate the coupling between the d-q axis voltage equation in the fundamental wave space and the d-q axis voltage equation in the fifth harmonic space, a secondary rotation coordinate transformation matrix is proposed. To achieve the purpose of reducing torque ripple, the fault-tolerant control method proposed in this paper not only takes the minimum copper loss as the constraint condition, but also injects the fifth harmonic current. The experimental result of current and torque is used to verify the accuracy of fault-tolerant control.

Use of Double Differential-mode Current Injection Method Equivalent to High Level Illumination for Susceptibility Testing

To achieve the electric field strength and the induced currents in equivalence in susceptibility tests with the high-level field radiation above 400 MHz,a double differential-mode(DM) current injection method based on directional couplers is proposed.Two cascaded symmetrical directional couplers compose a coupling device to inject the DM currents.When the coupling device is used,two devices are necessary to achieve the equivalence between radiation and injection,i.e.the equivalence between the injected voltages and the field strength,which is linear,regardless of the characteristics of the equipment under test(EUT).The results are verified by experiments using typical coaxial cables and nonlinear devices,where the equivalence between the nonlinear EUT responses induced by radiation and injection at both ends is achieved by using two coupling devices.At a frequency up to 1.75 GHz,the maximal experimental error is only 3.39%.The experimental results confirm the accuracy of the proposed method even both the EUTs work in the nonlinear region.The proposed method is applicable for radiated susceptibility(RS) testing of interconnected systems in the microwave frequency band.

Accurate capacitance-voltage characterization of organic thin films with current injection

To deal with the invalidation of commonly employed series model and parallel model in capacitance-voltage(C-V)characterization of organic thin films when current injection is significant,a three-element equivalent circuit model is proposed.On this basis,the expression of real capacitance in consideration of current injection is theoretically derived by small-signal analysis method.The validity of the proposed equivalent circuit and theoretical expression are verified by a simulating circuit consisting of a capacitor,a diode,and a resistor.Moreover,the accurate C-V characteristic of an organic thin film device is obtained via theoretical correction of the experimental measuring result,and the real capacitance is 35.7%higher than the directly measured capacitance at 5-V bias in the parallel mode.This work strongly demonstrates the necessity to consider current injection in C-V measurement and provides a strategy for accurate C-V characterization experimentally.

Research on the Equivalence Between Double Differential- mode Current Injection and Radiation Test Method

There are the application scope limits for single differential-mode current injection test method, so in order to carry out injection susceptibility test for two-pieces equipment interconnected with both ends of a cable simultaneously, a double differential-mode current in- jection test method (DDMCI) is proposed. The method adopted the equivalence source wave theorem and Baum-Liu-Tesche(BLT) equation as its theory foundation. The equivalent corresponding relation between injection voltage and radiation electric field intensity is derived, and the phase relation between the two injection voltage sources is confirmed. The results indicate that the amplitude and phase of the equivalent injection voltage source is closely related to the S parameter of directional coupling device, the transmission line length, and the source vector in BLT equation, but has nothing to do with the reflection coefficient between the two equipment pieces. Therefore, by choosing the right amplitude and phase of the double injection voltage sources, the DDMCI test is equivalent to the radiation test for two interconnected equipment of a system.

The Forward and Inverse Problem Based on Magneto-Acoustic Tomography with Current Injection

The Magneto-acoustic Tomography with Current Injection (MAT-CI) is a new biological electrical impedance imaging technique that combines Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) with Ultrasonic Imaging (UI), which possesses the non-invasive and high-contrast of the EIT and the high-resolution of the UI. The MAT-CI is expected to acquire high quality image and embraces a wide application. Its principle is to put the conductive sample in the Static Magnetic Field(SMF) and inject a time-varying current, during which the SMF and the current interact and generate the Lorentz Force that inspire ultrasonic signal received by the ultrasonic transducers positioned around the sample. And then according to related reconstruction algorithm and ultrasonic signal, electrical conductivity image is obtained. In this paper, a forward problem mathematical model of the MAT-CI has been set up to deduce the theoretical equation of the electromagnetic field and solve the sound source distribution by Green’s function. Secondly, a sound field restoration by Wiener filtering and reconstruction of current density by time-rotating method have deduced the Laplace’s equation that caters to the current density to further acquire the electrical conductivity distribution image of the sample through iteration method. In the end, double-loop coils experiments have been conducted to verify its feasibility.

20 MHz Switched-Current Sample-and-Hold Circuit with Low Charge Injection

A switched-current sample-and-hold circuit with low charge injection was proposed. To obtain low noise and charge injection, the zero-voltage switching was used to remove the signal-dependent charge injection, and the signal-independent charge injection was reduced by removing the feed-through voltage from the input port of the memory transistor directly. This current sample-and-hold circuit was implemented using CMOS 180 nm 1.8 V technology. For a 0.8 MHz sinusoidal signal input, the simulated signal-to-noise and distortion ratio and total harmonic distortion were improved from 53.74 dB and -51.24 dB to 56.53 dB and -54.36 dB at the sampling rate of 20 MHz respectively, with accuracy of 9.01 bit and power consumption of 0.44 mW.

Effects of Current-Injection on Superconductivity of YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ) in La_(0.8)Te_(0.2)MnO_3/YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)Bilayer

La_(0.8)Te_(0.2)MnO_3/YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)(F/S)bilayers were fabricated by electrophoretic technique. The thickness of La_(0.8)Te_(0.2)MnO_3 is ~70 μm, the dimensions of YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ) superconductor are 5 mm×10 mm×0.5 mm. The image of cross-sectional profile was measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Standard four-probe method was used for YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ) superconducting resistance measurements. Either 1 mA current is injected from S layer to F layer ((+I_(inj))) or from F layer to S layer (-I_(inj)),the normal resistance is lower than that without current injection. The critical transition temperature is higher than that without current injection.

Rashba spin-orbit coupling induced rectified currents in monolayer graphene with exchange field and sublattice potential

We investigate the effect of Rashba spin-orbit coupling(RSOC)on photoconductivities of rectified currents in monolayer graphene with exchange field and sublattice potential.The system shows that the photoconductivities of resonant shift and injection current contributions are nonzero,while the photoconductivities of non-resonant shift current contribution are zero.We find that the RSOC induces a warping term,which leads to the nonzero rectified currents.Moreover,the photoconductivities of resonant injection(shift)current contribution are(not)related to the relaxation rate.The similar behavior can be found in other Dirac materials,and our findings provide a way to tune the nonlinear transport properties of Dirac materials.

Power supply arm protection scheme of high-speed railway based on wide-area current differential

When fault occurs on cross-coupling autotransformer(AT)power supply traction network,the up-line and down-line feeder circuit breakers in the traction substation trip at the same time without selectivity,which leads to an extended power failure.Based on equivalent circuit and Kirchhoff’s current law,the feeder current characteristic in the substation,AT station and sectioning post when T-R fault,F-R fault,and T-F fault occur are analyzed and their expressions are obtained.When the traction power supply system is equipped with wide-area protection measurement and control system,the feeder protection device in each station collects the feeder currents in other two stations through the wide-area protection channel and a wide-area current differential protection scheme based on the feeder current characteristic is proposed.When a short-circuit fault occurs in the power supply arm,all the feeder protection devices in each station receive the feeder currents with time stamp in other two stations.After data synchronous processing and logic judgment,the fault line of the power supply arm can be identified and isolated quickly.The simulation result based on MATLAB/Simulink shows that the power supply arm protection scheme based on wide-area current differential has good fault discrimination ability under different fault positions,transition resistances,and fault types.The verification of measured data shows that the novel protection scheme will not be affected by the special working conditions of the electrical multiple unit(EMU),and reliability,selectivity,and rapidity of relay protection are all improved.

单级三相谐波电流注入可升降压AC/DC变换器

为适应电动车充电电压宽范围变化需求,本文针对传统充电桩前级整流器拓扑开展研究,提出一种新式单级三相AC/DC变换器。该变换器集成了三相桥式不控整流电路与Cuk模块,为降低输入侧电流谐波分量,选用双向开关管构建谐波电流回馈通路,整体构造成单级式拓扑结构。文章阐述了变换器的电路结构及工作模态,通过建立变换器的等效模型推导出电压增益。变换器通过简单的控制逻辑即可实现正弦输入电流并拥有高功率因数。最后通过搭建变换器数字控制实验平台验证了所提变换器的可行性。

单端注入型LED的光电特性与灰度调制技术研究

Micro-LED拥有出色的亮度、高发光效率、低能耗、高反应速度、超高解析度与色彩饱和度等优势,且具备自发光和感测能力,是一项十分理想的显示技术。传统的直流灰度调控方法不再适用于驱动单端载流子注入结构的交流型LED,本文根据单端注入型LED器件在不同频率、幅度、占空比以及交流驱动模式下的光电特性,提出一种基于人眼视觉特性的相对占空比混合式灰度调制方案。结果表明,正负方波驱动模式下的器件在相同电压和频率下表现出更强的发光亮度,并且器件随着驱动频率的增加,发光亮度逐渐提升。最后,结合人眼视觉特性,验证了发光器件在不同相对占空比、幅度、频率的混合式调制方法下实现了由2个灰度到8个灰度等级的提升,为未来新型发光器件灰度调制提供新思路。

基于光注入电流调制弱谐振腔法布里珀罗激光器获取光学频率梳

提出了一种基于电流调制弱谐振腔法布里珀罗激光器在外部光注入下产生光学频率梳的方案,实验研究了关键参量对所产生的光学频率梳性能的影响。在该方案中,首先采用频率为1.6 GHz(激光器弛豫振荡频率)、功率为19 dBm的正弦信号直接电流调制弱谐振腔法布里珀罗激光器,使其进入增益开关状态;进一步引入单光注入以及双光注入以获取高性能光学频率梳。实验研究结果表明:采用单光注入时,在合适的注入光功率条件下,连续变化注入光波长可使产生的光学频率梳的中心波长在1525~1560 nm内实现连续调谐。光学频率梳的梳线数目呈现周期性变化,变化周期为激光器的纵模间距0.28 nm(35 GHz);在给定注入光波长条件下,逐渐增加注入光功率,光学频率梳的梳线数目先在一个较高水平附近振荡,然后急剧下降,最后趋于平缓,而光学频率梳的载噪比呈现先增加后饱和的趋势;在优化单光注入参数条件下,获得了梳线功率在10 dB变化范围内包含49根梳线的光学频率梳。引入额外的注入光构建双光注入,在优化的参数条件下,获得了梳线功率在10 dB变化范围内包含92根梳线的光学频率梳。最后,对单光注入和双光注入以及不同注入波长间距的双光注入所产生的光学频率梳各梳齿之间的相干性进行了分析,发现各种光注入方式下所产生的光学频率梳各梳齿之间均具有强的相干性,其拍频信号中基频的单边带相位噪声均处于−125.0 dBc/Hz@10 kHz左右的水平。

不平衡电网下模块化多电平换流器的直流环流均衡策略

不平衡电网下模块化多电平换流器(MMC)存在三相直流环流不均衡问题,易导致相间电流应力和热应力差异,降低其在不平衡工况下安全运行能力。该文从桥臂功率角度分析不平衡电网下三相MMC直流环流不均衡现象和基于零序电压注入的直流环流均衡机理。提出一种零序电压注入的直流环流均衡方法,通过网侧电流与直流环流偏差量计算得到零序电压相位,经过比例谐振控制器生成零序电压注入量,进而实现直流环流的快速、有效均衡。在所提出的控制策略的基础上,研究该方法对MMC桥臂电流峰值、有效值及子模块电容电压纹波的影响规律。仿真与实验结果验证了该文理论分析与控制策略的有效性。

电网不对称故障下MMC自适应相功率均衡控制策略

交流电网不对称故障工况下模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)存在相功率不均衡的问题,常规的基于直流环流注入的调控方法会引起桥臂电流不对称,导致各相电流应力不相等;而基于零序电压注入的方法可能导致系统过调制,危害系统安全稳定运行。针对传统相功率均衡控制策略的局限性,提出一种交流电网不对称故障下MMC自适应相功率均衡控制策略。首先,分析基于零序电压和直流环流注入的MMC相间功率调控原理,指出不同方法单独进行相间功率均衡的局限性。其次,研究零序电压注入方法的过调制边界,引入相功率分配系数,给出不同故障下相功率系数优化方法,提出基于零序电压和直流环流注入协调的MMC自适应相功率均衡控制策略。最后,通过仿真验证了机理分析与所提控制策略的正确性和有效性。

Location of Asymmetric Ground Fault Using Virtual Injected Current Ratio and Two-stage Recovery Strategy in Distribution Networks

Sparse measurements challenge fault location in distribution networks.This paper proposes a method for asymmetric ground fault location in distribution networks with limited measurements.A virtual injected current vector is formulated to estimate the fault line,which can be reconstructed from voltage sags measured at a few buses using compressive sensing(CS).The relationship between the virtual injected current ratio(VICR)and fault position is deduced from circuit analysis to pinpoint the fault.Furthermore,a two-stage recovery strategy is proposed for improving reconstruction accuracy of the current vector,where two different sensing matrixes are utilized to improve the incoherence.The proposed method is validated in IEEE 34 node test feeder.Simulation results show asymmetric ground fault type,resistance,fault position and access of distributed generators(DGs)do not significantly influence performance of our method.In addition,it works effectively under various scenarios of noisy measurement and line parameter error.Validations on 134 node test feeders prove the proposed method is also suitable for systems with more complex structure.

开关磁阻电机无位置传感器控制策略研究

针对开关磁阻电机无位置传感器下的转子位置还原,提出一种基于电流上升时间监测的无位置传感器控制策略,该策略包含初始位置检测、电机启动运行、转子位置重构和调速控制几个部分。首先离线测得电机在特殊位置时滞环带宽内的电流上升时间,作为初始阈值用于电机启动;接着分别对各相绕组注入小电流,比较各相电流在滞环带宽内的上升时间进行初始位置分区;然后将转子从电感下降区进入电感最小区起始点作为特征点,利用初始阈值启动电机并在电机运行过程中依据实时工况更新特征点处时间阈值作为下一周期的检测特征;最后通过检测特征点位置信号对转子进行位置重构和转速估算实现换相与调速。仿真与实验结果验证了所提出控制策略的有效性与准确性。

Rectifier Configurations Based on Harmonic Injecting and Counteracting Principle

谐波注入抵消方法能有效地抵消无源单相整流装置所引起的电流谐波，本文在分析这种方法原理的基础上，提出几种结构非常简单的低谐波整流装置．此外，本文还针对多个单相整流装置同时并联运行情况，探讨了用附加无源网络实现谐波的统一补偿．

电流传感器的一体化封装技术

为解决传感器制造时组装工序繁杂的难题,采用低压注塑技术,探讨电流传感器一体化封装的可行性。首先,通过仿真对注塑过程中热熔胶填充过程及敏感器件所受应力进行分析;其次,采用自行开发的简易注塑模具对传感器进行封装效果验证;最后,完成了传感器的可靠性测试。测试结果表明,低压注塑技术应用于电流传感器封装具备较强的可行性,这为实现传感器大批量封装制造提供了参考依据。