Classification,Hazards and Countermeasures of Agricultural Environmental Pollution Emergencies

Agricultural environmental pollution emergencies have become a hot research topic because of the high incidence and influence depth.This paper introduces classification and features of agricultural environmental pollution emergencies:by pollutant type,it falls into organic pollution emergencies and inorganic pollution emergencies;by the approach of entering agricultural environment,it falls into water resource agricultural environmental pollution emergencies and non-water resource agricultural environmental pollution emergencies.Hazards of agricultural environmental pollution emergencies are analyzed from 4 perspectives:personal security,indirect loss,ecological environment and social stability.In view of the hazards,countermeasures are given to deal with the pollution emergencies as(i)establishing a risk evaluation mechanism for agricultural environment;(ii)enhancing the capacity of handling agricultural environmental pollution emergencies;(iii)introducing new management concepts for environmental emergencies,and cultivating keen emergency management consciousness.

Enlightenment from the COVID-19 Pandemic:The Roles of Environmental Factors in Future Public Health Emergency Response

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic is challenging the current public health emergency response systems(PHERSs)of many countries.Although environmental factors,such as those influencing the survival of viruses and their transmission between species including humans,play important roles in PHERSs,little attention has been given to these factors.This study describes and elucidates the roles of environmental factors in future PHERSs.To improve countries’capability to respond to public health emergencies associated with viral infections such as the COVID-19 pandemic,a number of environmental factors should be considered before,during,and after the responses to such emergencies.More specifically,to prevent pandemic outbreaks,we should strengthen environmental and wildlife protection,conduct detailed viral surveillance in animals and hotspots,and improve early-warning systems.During the pandemic,we must study the impacts of environmental factors on viral behaviors,develop control measures to minimize secondary environmental risks,and conduct timely assessments of viral risks and secondary environmental effects with a view to reducing the impacts of the pandemic on human health and on ecosystems.After the pandemic,we should further strengthen surveillance for viruses and the prevention of viral spread,maintain control measures for minimizing secondary environmental risks,develop our capability to scientifically predict pandemics and resurgences,and prepare for the next unexpected resurgence.Meanwhile,we should restore the normal life and production of the public based on the“One Health”concept,that views global human and environmental health as inextricably linked.Our recommendations are essential for improving nations’capability to respond to global public health emergencies.

A case for systemic environmental analysis of cultured meat

The environmental implications of cultured meat are profound. An anticipatory life cycle assessment of cultured meat published in 2011 suggested it could have a smaller impact than agricultural meat in all categories except energy consumption. As with most technologies, cultured meat will almost certainly be accompanied by unintended consequences as well as unforeseen costs and benefits that accrue disproportionately to different stakeholders. Uncertainty associated with new engineered products cannot be completely eliminated prior to introduction, but ongoing environmental assessments of the technologies as they advance can serve to reduce unforeseen risks. Given the pace at which tissue engineering is advancing, systemic assessments of the technology will be pivotal in mitigating unintended environmental consequences.

Environmental perspectives of COVID-19 outbreaks:A review

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,caused by the novel virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),began in December 2019 in China and has led to a global public health emergency.Previously,it was known as 2019-nCoV and caused disease mainly through respiratory pathways.The COVID-19 outbreak is ranked third globally as the most highly pathogenic disease of the twenty-first century,after the outbreak of SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome in 2002 and 2012,respectively.Clinical,laboratory,and diagnostic methodology have been demonstrated in some observational studies.No systematic reviews on COVID-19 have been published regarding the integration of COVID-19 outbreaks(monitoring,fate and treatment)with environmental and human health perspectives.Accordingly,this review systematically addresses environmental aspects of COVID-19 outbreak such as the origin of SARS-CoV-2,epidemiological characteristics,diagnostic methodology,treatment options and technological advancement for the prevention of COVID-19 outbreaks.Finally,we integrate COVID-19 outbreaks(monitoring,fate and treatment)with environmental and human health perspectives.We believe that this review will help to understand the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak as a multipurpose document,not only for the scientific community but also for global citizens.Countries should adopt emergency preparedness such as prepare human resources,infrastructure and facilities to treat severe COVID-19 as the virus spreads rapidly globally.

Selection and Optimization of Path Responding to Unexpected Environmental Incidents in China

By analyzing disposal status of unexpected environmental incidents by government,public and enterprise,and combining the characteristics of unexpected environmental incidents,specific measures of responding to unexpected environmental incidents are proposed from the aspects of perfecting guarantee system of emergency nomocracy,enhancing information disclosure,encouraging public participation,enhancing the construction of emergency response capability,and enhancing post-event management,to improve the ability of defending environmental risk.

Does Environmental Risk Affect Human Migration Behavior?

This study tests the influence of environmental risks associated with floods, hurricanes, and hazardous material releases on human migration behavior. With close attention to a function of environmental risk factors, socio-demographic attributes, hazard risk and locational attributes were measured and correlated to the standardized number of recent arrivals and long term residents at the census tract level. Two groups (i.e., recent arrivals and long-term residents) were created to compare their moving behavior. The results indicate that flood risk showed little relationship to either recent arrivals or long-term residents. These results are consistent with past research which suggests that people tend to ignore their vulnerability to natural hazards. However, both groups had negative relationships to the risk from hurricanes and hazardous material releases. This counter-intuitive result suggests that other factors, such as proximity to employment opportunities or property tax advantages, need to be examined. In particular, the recent arrivals were negatively related to chemical risk while long-term residents were positively related to chemical risks, indicating that people that just arrived and old residents are somewhat different in perceiving environmental risks. In addition, the results of this study suggest that people are objective about environmental risks in selecting their habitat. However, once the habitat is settled, people’s perception of the risks may be interfered or reduced by other factors.

Considerations on Research of Environmental Risk Prevention and Control in “12th Five-Year Plan” Period

Along with the environmental pollution causes complexity and diversity increases ceaselessly, “national environmental protection” Twelfth Five “planning” (hereinafter referred to as “planning”) will be the environmental risk prevention as the “12th Five-Year Plan” one of the important tasks, including advancing environmental risk management in the whole process, key areas the environmental risk prevention measures. The whole process environmental risk management covers a risk source recognition, receptor vulnerability assessment, environmental risk characterization, risk decision and risk assessment of accident loss. This article from the environmental risk source classification, environmental risk classification management, environmental emergency response and environmental risk and insurance environment four aspects put forward the “12th Five-Year Plan” whole process environmental risk management content, to further reduce our country environmental pollution accident risk and policy makers to provide some decision support.

Suggestions on Conducting Ecological Emergency Monitoring

The importance of ecological environment monitoring was discussed,and the problems in ecological emergency environment monitoring were analyzed.Based on this,some suggestions were put forward for ecological environment emergency monitoring,in order to provide effective reference for relevant staff.

大安全大应急框架下的突发环境事件协同治理——英国的实践演进及其鉴戒

突发环境事件的特征决定了其协同治理必须坚持大安全大应急框架。英国在长期的突发环境事件协同治理实践演进过程中,积累了较为丰富的经验。英国实践的特点在于,通过不断夯实突发环境事件协同治理的法治基础、思想基础、主体基础、利益基础和组织基础,促进突发环境事件治理从“自由放任”向“政府干预”、从“末端应急”向“风险治理”、从“高知精英”向“大众参与”以及从“分散治理”到“整体治理”等四个方面的转变,从而使突发环境事件协同治理的能力得到提升。同时,英国突发环境事件协同治理也存在立法缓慢而碎片化、部门利益竞争以及群体观念冲突等问题。英国实践的鉴戒主要在于:要注重统筹各方利益,增强突发环境事件治理制度的协同性;要加强新污染物治理,增强突发环境事件治理政策的前瞻性;要健全社会参与渠道,增强突发环境事件治理力量的多元性;要注重夯实属地管理,优化突发环境事件治理的权责利机制。

尾矿库环境事故因素分析及建议

基于我国尾矿库环境风险特征,分析近年来尾矿库环境事故原因,并针对环境事故发生后的应急处理及环境次生灾害应急处理展开讨论。针对我国尾矿资源存量大、类型多,资源综合利用率较低以及矿山企业生产管理水平不高的实际问题,提出建议:一是要实现尾矿资源的综合利用,达到减量减排的目的;二是要对尾矿库采取系统性的污染治理,特别是针对因不可抗拒因素而引起的环境污染问题;三是要加强安全管理,减少溃坝等安全风险,从源头降低安全事故次生环境污染风险。

非靶标技术在新污染物识别中的应用

受人类活动的影响,来自工农业生产和生活活动等方面的化学品不断进入环境,加之各类生物和非生物转化时有发生,导致环境中存在多种污染物及复杂的转化产物.全面认识样品中的污染物是进行环境健康风险评价的前提.然而,大量的未知结构、复杂的环境基质以及低环境赋存浓度都为厘清污染物暴露带来了挑战,亟需发展高灵敏度的未知污染物识别技术.非靶标分析(nontarget analysis,NTA)作为一种新的分析手段,可以在化合物信息未知的情况下对复杂基质中的有机物进行识别,有助于最大限度揭示环境样品中存在的污染物,为风险评价奠定基础.本文回顾了非靶标技术在新污染物识别中的应用,从样品前处理、数据采集和数据处理三方面对目前使用的不同方法及策略进行讨论,讨论了各方法的优劣及适用范围,并提出了当前存在的问题及未来发展方向.

热分析质谱技术在微塑料检测领域的应用

微塑料作为一种日益受到关注的新型污染物,已被证实广泛存在于全球各地,并随食物链在生态系统中不断富集,对生物安全和人体健康产生风险。热分析质谱技术基于对塑料热解产物的准确测定可以实现复杂基质中微塑料高效的定性定量分析,所提供的质量浓度数据在一致性和可比性上有着显著优势。热分析质谱技术近年来已逐渐成为微塑料检测中应用最普遍的方法之一。对当前几种常见的热分析质谱方法,如热裂解-气相色谱质谱(Pyr-GC-MS)、热重-质谱(TGA-MS)、热吸附-解吸气相色谱质谱(TED-GC-MS)进行了综述,对其基本原理,应用场景进行总结讨论。通过梳理,提出目前热分析质谱技术仍存在的主要技术挑战,并对热分析质谱技术检测微塑料这一领域的未来研究方向进行了展望。

由石油类应急监测现状探寻水中石油类监测的突破

突发环境事件发生后,对污染物质、污染物浓度、污染范围及其动态变化情况进行监测是环境应急监测的基本工作要求。在不能利用管理手段有效获取污染来源等信息的情况下,开展溯源应急监测成为突发环境事件处理处置的重要需求。然而通过资料调研及应急监测案例分析发现,石油类水体突发环境事件应急监测大多存在采样代表性不够、溯源手段不健全、特征污染物监测不全面,以及现行石油类监测方法不能完整说清污染状况等问题或不足。因此,建议通过优化整合水中石油类指标监测标准,构建与石油类污染特征相适应的技术规范及配套监测分析方法,以达到精准、全面反映石油类水体污染状况的目的。

Advances and perspectives in environmental health research in China

Environmental health research aims to identify environmental conditions suitable for the healthy living and reproduction of human beings.Through the interdisciplinary research bridging environmental sciences and health/medical sciences,the impacts of physical,chemical,and biological environmental factors on human health are investigated.This includes identifying environmental factors detrimental to human health,evaluating human exposure characteristics to environmental factors,clarifying causal relationships between environmental exposure and health effects,analyzing the underlying biochemical mechanisms,linking environmental factors to the onset and progression of diseases,establishing exposure-response relationships,and determining effect thresholds.Ultimately,the results of environmental health research can serve as a scientific basis for formulating environmental management strategies and guiding prevention and intervention measures at both the public and individual levels.This paper summarizes the recent advances and future perspectives of environmental health research in China,as reported by a group of Chinese scientists who recently attended a workshop in Hainan,China.While it is not intended to provide a comprehensive review of this expansive field,it offers a glimpse into the significant progress made in understanding the health impacts of environmental factors over the past decade.Looking ahead,it is imperative not only to sustain efforts in studying the health effects of traditional environmental pollution,but also to prioritize research on the health impacts of emerging pollutants and climate change.

新工科建设背景下翻转课堂在前沿知识领域的教学探索--以环境污染控制新技术课程为例

环境污染控制新技术是环境工程专业的一门专业素质拓展课程。在新工科教学改革背景下,专业素质拓展课程的课堂教学应以提升学生专业素养、拓宽学生专业视野、培养学生创新能力为重心。该文探讨翻转课堂教学如何利用多方资源进行课前自主学习、课中如何发挥课堂互动效果及课后知识巩固与拓展,全方位引导学生主动关注环境工程最新的科研进展,促进科研与教学互动,把科研成果转化为教学内容,提高学生学习效果、专业素养和综合能力,为高校教育教学改革提供一定的理论借鉴。

海上凝析油泄漏生态环境影响及应急处置机制

近年来,国家为缓解石油供需矛盾、落实能源可持续发展战略,开始探索凝析油开采加工业。但凝析油以独特的理化特性和生物毒性,一旦泄漏将对海洋环境造成较大影响。全球范围来看,针对凝析油的环境行为、环境风险、溢油应急处置措施等的研究不充分。因此,文章针对凝析油环境行为,阐述其泄漏后的环境影响。并基于国内外既有泄漏事故案例,围绕应急处置措施有效性等方面开展分析研究,旨在为凝析油溢油应急防控措施有效建立提供启迪。

高校突发环境事件应急处理机制探究

针对高校环境风险管控难度大、应急处理工作基础薄弱和突发环境事件应急预案备案相对滞后等情况,分析了高校突发环境事件应急预案体系建设工作难点与备案滞后的原因,结合湖南省某高校突发环境事件应急预案制定与备案的成功经验,探索高校突发环境事件应急处理机制与预案体系建设实现路径。从高校突发环境事件的应急组织机构组建、预警分级、预警发布流程、应急响应程序、应急保障和应急监督管理等方面提出具体规范和实施流程。对高校突发环境事件应急预案体系建设具有一定指导与借鉴意义和良好的社会推广价值。

机器学习在环境分析检测中的应用研究进展

随着环境数据的迅速增加,机器学习已成为环境分析检测研究领域的重要工具。为推动该领域的持续创新,该综述简要介绍了机器学习的基本概念、常见算法和软件平台,并通过全面的文献分析,重点总结了利用机器学习技术开展环境分析检测研究的最新进展。基于机器学习方法的环境分析检测研究目前主要集中在常规环境质量指标检测、环境(非)靶向检测分析、微(纳)塑料分类识别、污染物的环境行为及溯源研究等五个方面。进一步指出目前机器学习在样品采集和前处理部分研究领域、新技术整合、多模态数据融合、模型可解释性和可信度等方面存在不足。最后,提出了机器学习方法在未来环境分析检测中可能的应用方向,进一步推动和扩展机器学习在该领域的应用。该综述可为环境分析检测及其交叉领域的相关研究者和管理决策者提供指导和建议。

信息化背景下的环境应急监测技术研究

本文主要围绕信息化背景下的环境应急监测技术进行研究。首先,阐述了信息化背景下环境应急监测技术的重要性。其次,介绍了信息化背景下环境应急监测的技术原则。最后,深入探讨了信息化背景下的环境应急监测技术要点,包括地理信息技术、油污监测技术、通信技术、数据库和注意事项等技术要点。这些技术的综合应用有助于更好地保护自然环境和人类健康,提高环境管理的效力。