Ripple-effect analysis for operational architecture of air defense systems with supernetwork modeling

In order to solve the problem that the ripple-effect analy- sis for the operational architecture of air defense systems （OAADS） is hardly described in quantity with previous modeling approaches, a supernetwork modeling approach for the OAADS is put for- ward by extending granular computing. Based on that operational units and links are equal to different information granularities, the supernetwork framework of the OAADS is constructed as a “four- network within two-layer” structure by forming dynamic operating coalitions, and measuring indexes of the ripple-effect analysis for the OAADS are given combining with Laplace spectral radius. In this framework, via analyzing multidimensional attributes which inherit relations between operational units in different granular scales, an extended granular computing is put forward integrating with a topological structure. Then the operation process within the supernetwork framework, including transformation relations be- tween two layers in the vertical view and mapping relations among functional networks in the horizontal view, is studied in quantity. As the application case shows, comparing with previous modeling approaches, the supernetwork model can validate and analyze the operation mechanism in the air defense architecture, and the ripple-effect analysis can be used to confirm the key operational unit with micro and macro viewpoints.

The Coupled Operational Systems:A Linear Optimisation Review

The purpose of this review is to summarise the existing literature on the operational systems as to explain the current state of understanding on the coupled operational systems.The review only considers the linear optimisation of the operational systems.Traditionally,the operational systems are classified as decoupled,tightly coupled,and loosely coupled.Lately,the coupled operational systems were classified as systems of time-sensitive and time-insensitive operational cycle,systems employing one mix and different mixes of factors of production,and systems of single-linear,single-linear-fractional,and multi-linear objective.These new classifications extend the knowledge about the linear optimisation of the coupled operational systems and reveal new objective-improving models and new state-of-the-art methodologies never discussed before.Business areas affected by these extensions include product assembly lines,cooperative farming,gas/oil reservoir development,maintenance service throughout multiple facilities,construction via different locations,flights traffic control in aviation,game reserves,and tramp shipping in maritime cargo transport.

Iterative Solution for Systems of Nonlinear Two Binary Operator Equations

Using the cone and partial ordering theory and mixed monotone operator theory, the existence and uniqueness of solutions for some classes of systems of nonlinear two binary operator equations in a Banach space with a partial ordering are discussed. And the error estimates that the iterative sequences converge to solutions are also given. Some relevant results of solvability of two binary operator equations and systems of operator equations are improved and generalized.

Energy-Efficient Operation of Water Systems through Optimization of Load Power Reduction in Electricity Markets

Demand response(DR) is gaining more and more importance in the architecture of power systems in a context of flexible loads and high share of intermittent generation. Changes in electricity markets regulation in several countries have recently enabled an effective integration of DR mechanisms in power systems. Through its flexible components(pumps, tanks), drinking water systems are suitable candidates for energy-efficient DR mechanisms. However, these systems are often managed independently of power system operation for both economic and operational reasons. Indeed, a sufficient level of economic viability and water demands risk management are necessary for water utilities to integrate their flexibilities to power system operation. In this paper,we proposed a mathematical model for optimizing pump schedules in water systems while trading DR blocs in a spot power market during peak times. Uncertainties about water demands were considered in the mathematical model allowing to propose power reductions covering the potential risk of real-time water demand forecasting inaccuracy.Numerical results were discussed on a real water system in France, demonstrating both economic and ecological benefits.

Vehicle Operating, Accident and User Time Costs in Pavement Management Systems： Approach for Portuguese Conditions

This paper presents a description and analysis of the most important models to predict each of the Road User Costs components （Vehicle Operating Costs, Accident Costs and Value of Time） and proposes a model for estimating RUC components suitable for the Portuguese road network. These results are part of a research which aimed to obtain a Road User Cost Model to be used as a tool in road management systems. This model is different from other models by the fact that it includes a simple formulation that allows calibration and calculation of cost parameters, for any year, in a simple and fast way, providing trustworthy results. The required data is already available in Portuguese institutions, allowing periodic revision of cost parameters to insure accuracy.

Holistic Approach to Safety and Operational Stability: Analyzing VVER-1200 Reactor Dynamics in SGTR and AC Power Loss

VVER-1200 (Water-Water Energetic Reactor) represents a significant advancement in nuclear power generation, emphasizing the continuous analysis and enhancement of safety systems for reliable operation. The proposed study focuses on simulating combined scenarios involving steam generator tube rupture (SGTR) and AC power loss using core algorithms and models within personal computer transient analyzer (PCTRAN). Reactor kinetic equations, thermal-hydraulic balance, and safety system models are discussed to elucidate their role in simulating SGTR and AC power loss. Safety criteria, boundaries and initial conditions are outlined to provide a comprehensive understanding of the simulation framework. The analysis delves into dynamic behavior of VVER-1200, placing emphasis on thermal-hydraulic implications, essential reactor parameters, and radiation monitoring to facilitate impact evaluation. Continuous monitoring and maintenance of safety systems are underscored to ensure stable core cooling, particularly during proposed transient conditions. Through meticulous analysis and comparison with established benchmarks, this study contributes to bolstering the safety and reliability of VVER-1200 reactors by identifying vulnerabilities, assessing mitigation strategies, and refining emergency response protocols. Practical implications of this study offer a crucial understanding of reactor behavior, safety system performance, and emergency response strategies, thereby improving safety, optimizing operational practices, and reducing risks in nuclear reactor accidents.

Completeness of eigenfunction systems for the product of two symmetric operator matrices and its application in elasticity

The completeness theorem of the eigenfunction systems for the product of two 2 × 2 symmetric operator matrices is proved. The result is applied to 4 × 4 infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian operators. A modified method of separation of variables is proposed for a separable Hamiltonian system. As an application of the theorem, the general solutions for the plate bending equation and the free vibration of rectangular thin plates are obtained. Finally, a numerical test is analysed to show the correctness of the results.

Controlled unknown quantum operations on hybrid systems

Any unknown unitary operations conditioned on a control system can be deterministically performed if ancillary subspaces are available for the target systems [Zhou X Q, et al. 2011 Nat. Commun. 2 413]. In this paper, we show that previous optical schemes may be extended to general hybrid systems if unknown operations are provided by optical instruments. Moreover, a probabilistic scheme is proposed when the unknown operation may be performed on the subspaces of ancillary high-dimensional systems. Furthermore, the unknown operations conditioned on the multi-control system may be reduced to the case with a control system using additional linear circuit complexity. The new schemes may be more flexible for different systems or hybrid systems.

ON THE EXISTENCE AND UNIQUENESS THEOREMS OF SOLUTIONS FOR THE SYSTEMS OF MIXED MONOTONE OPERATOR EQUATIONS WITH APPLICATIONS

The existence, uniqueness and non-symmetric iterative approximation of solutions for a class of systems of mixed monotone operator equations are discussed. As an application, we utilize, the results presented in this paper to study the existence and uniqueness problems of common solutions for a class of systems of functional equations arising in dynamic programming of multistage decision processes and a class of systems of nonlinear integral equation. The results obtained in this paper not only answer an open question suggested in [3] but also generalize the corresponding results of [1],[2].

Development of a skill assessment tool for the Korea operational oceanographic system

A standard skill assessment （SA） tool was developed and implemented to evaluate the performance of op- erational forecast models in the Korea operational oceanographic system. The SA tool provided a robust way to assess model skill in the system by comparing predictions and observations, and involved the com- putation of multiple skill metrics including correlation and error skills. User- and system-based acceptance criteria of skill metrics were applied to determine whether predictions were acceptable for the system. To achieve this, the tool produced a time series comparison plot, a skill score table, and an advanced sum- marized diagram to effectively demonstrate the multiple skill scores. Moreover, the SA was conducted to evaluate both atmospheric and hydrodynamic forecast variables. For the atmospheric variables, acceptable error criteria were preferable to acceptable correlation criteria over short timescales, since the mean square error overwhelmed the observation variance. Conversely, for the hydrodynamic variables, acceptable root mean square percentage error （e.g., perms） criteria were preferable to acceptable error （e.g., erms） criteria owing to the spatially variable tidal intensity around the Korean Peninsula. Furthermore, the SA indicated that predetermined acceptance error criteria were appropriate to satisfy a target central frequency （fc） for which errors fell within the specified limits （i.e., the .fc equals 70%）.

An Optimization Problem of Boundary Type for Cooperative Hyperbolic Systems Involving Schrodinger Operator

In this paper, we consider cooperative hyperbolic systems involving Schr?dinger operator defined on ?Rn. First we prove the existence and uniqueness of the state for these systems. Then we find the necessary and sufficient conditions of optimal control for such systems of the boundary type. We also find the necessary and sufficient conditions of optimal control for same systems when the observation is on the boundary.

Evaluation of Operating Domains in Power Systems

This paper presents the results of a recent major industry-supported study with the aim to provide power system operators with more meaningful and effective means to quickly identify feasible operating boundaries as well as more flexibility to select alternate operating scenarios. In this regard, the paper outlines the main theoretical basis and computational framework for the development of innovative computerized schemes capable of identifying and processing various system integrity domains. The novel framework allows system operators to determine – in a fast and reliable manner – the most favorable operating scenarios which maintain system security, reliability and operating performance quality. For demonstration purposes, and without loss of generality, an emphasis is given to the dynamic system security problem where the Transient Energy Function (TEF) method is used to define quantitative measures of the level (degree) of system security for a given operating scenario. Nonetheless, the framework presented is applicable quite as well to other system performance functions and criteria that may be considered. A demonstrative application is presented for a 9-bus benchmark system, widely used in the literature. In addition, a practical application is also presented for the Saudi Electricity Company (SEC) power system where the operating security domain was evaluated in the operating parameter space spanned by two major interface flows in the system.

An Efficient Memory Management for Mobile Operating Systems Based on Prediction of Relaunch Distance

Recently,various mobile apps have included more features to improve user convenience.Mobile operating systems load as many apps into memory for faster app launching and execution.The least recently used(LRU)-based termination of cached apps is a widely adopted approach when free space of the main memory is running low.However,the LRUbased cached app termination does not distinguish between frequently or infrequently used apps.The app launch performance degrades if LRU terminates frequently used apps.Recent studies have suggested the potential of using users’app usage patterns to predict the next app launch and address the limitations of the current least recently used(LRU)approach.However,existing methods only focus on predicting the probability of the next launch and do not consider how soon the app will launch again.In this paper,we present a new approach for predicting future app launches by utilizing the relaunch distance.We define the relaunch distance as the interval between two consecutive launches of an app and propose a memory management based on app relaunch prediction(M2ARP).M2ARP utilizes past app usage patterns to predict the relaunch distance.It uses the predicted relaunch distance to determine which apps are least likely to be launched soon and terminate them to improve the efficiency of the main memory.

Operations Support Systems Standards:Status Quo and Trends

The emerging of diversified new telecommunications technologies leads to a continuous change of telecom networks. Consequently, the operations support systems of telecommunications operators are facing structure adjustments as well as new systems construction. In this situation, new generation operations support systems standards are urgently required. Several standardization organizations have made substantial progress in the study of the new generation standards, such as ITU' s study on Next Generation Network (NGN) management, TMF's on New Generation Operations Systems and Software (NGOSS) and CCSA's on network management standards. However, the existing operations support systems face the challenges of architecture improvement, change of the focus of operations support, orientation of customers' demands and technology evolution.

Nonfragile guaranteed cost control for Delta operator-formulated uncertain time-delay systems

With consideration that the controller parameters may vary from the designed value when the controller is realized, based on Lyapunov stability theory, a design method of nonfragile guaranteed cost control for a class of Delta operator-formulated uncertain time-delay systems is studied. A sufficient condition for the existence of the nonfragile guaranteed cost controller is given. A numeric example is then given to illustrate the effectiveness and the feasibility of the designed method. The results show that even if the parameters of the designed controller are of variations, the closed-loop system is still asymptotically stable and the super value of the cost function can also be obtained, while the closed-loop system will be unstable if the variations of the controller parameters are not considered when the controller is designed. The nonfragile guaranteed cost controller derived from the traditional shift operator method may cause the closed-loop system to be unstable, while the nonfragile guaranteed cost controller based on Delta operator method can avoid the unstable problem of the closed-loop system.

Probabilistic Rationale of Actions for Artificial Intelligence Systems Operating in Uncertainty Conditions

The approach for probabilistic rationale of artificial intelligence systems actions is proposed.It is based on an implementation of the proposed interconnected ideas 1-7 about system analysis and optimization focused on prognostic modeling.The ideas may be applied also by using another probabilistic models which supported by software tools and can predict successfulness or risks on a level of probability distribution functions.The approach includes description of the proposed probabilistic models,optimization methods for rationale actions and incremental algorithms for solving the problems of supporting decision-making on the base of monitored data and rationale robot actions in uncertainty conditions.The approach means practically a proactive commitment to excellence in uncertainty conditions.A suitability of the proposed models and methods is demonstrated by examples which cover wide applications of artificial intelligence systems.

ITERATIVE SOLUTIONS FOR SYSTEMS OF NONLINEAR OPERATOR EQUATIONS IN BANACH SPACE

By using partial order method, the existence, uniqueness and iterative approximation of solutions for a class of systems of nonlinear operator equations in Banach space are discussed. The results obtained in this paper extend and improve recent results.

General Consideration of Measuring System for Operational Test of Thyristor Valves of Ultra High Voltage DC Power Transmission

Thyristor valve is one of the key equipments for ultra high voltage direct current(UHVDC) power transmission projects.Before being installed on site,they need to be tested in a laboratory in order to verify their operational performance to satisfy the technical specification of project related.Test facilities for operational tests of thyristor valves are supposed to enable to undertake more severe electrical stresses than those being applied in the thyristor valves under test(test objects).On the other hand,the stresses applied into the test objects are neither higher nor lower than specified by the specification,because inappropriate stresses applied would result in incorrect evaluation of performance on the test objects,more seriously,would cuase the damage of test objects with expensive cost losing.Generally,the process of operational tests is complicated and performed in a complex synthetic test circuit(hereafter as STC),where there are a lot of sensors used for measuring,monitoring and protection on line to ensure that the test circuit functions in good condition.Therefore,the measuring systems embedded play a core role in STC,acting like "eyes".Based on the first project of building up a STC in China,experience of planning measuring systems is summarized so as to be referenced by related engineers.

Analysis and Comparison of Five Kinds of Typical Device-Level Embedded Operating Systems

Today, the number of embedded system was applied in the field of automation and control has far exceeded a variety of general-purpose computer. Embedded system is gradually penetrated into all fields of human society, and ubiquitous embedded applications constitute the 'ubiquitous' computing era. Embedded operating system is the core of the em-bedded system, and it directly affects the performance of the whole system. Our Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Embedded Technology has successfully developed five kinds of device-level embedded operating systems by more than ten years’ efforts, and these systems are Webit 5.0, Worix, μKernel, iDCX 128 and μc/os-II 128. This paper mainly analyses and compares the implementation mechanism and performance of these five kinds of device-level embedded operating systems in detail.