Mechanism of high Li-ion conductivity in poly(vinylene carbonate)-poly(ethylene oxide)cross-linked network based electrolyte revealed by solid-state NMR

Solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)have become increasingly important in advanced lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to their improved safety and mechanical properties compared to organic liquid electrolytes.Cross-linked polymers have the potential to further improve the mechanical property without trading off Li-ion conductivity.In this study,focusing on a recently developed cross-linked SPE,i.e.,the one based on poly(vinylene carbonate)-poly(ethylene oxide)cross-linked network(PVCN),we used solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)techniques to investigate the fundamental interaction between the chain segments and Li ions,as well as the lithium-ion motion.By utilizing homonuclear/heteronuclear correlation,CP(cross-polarization)kinetics,and spin-lattice relaxation experiments,etc.,we revealed the structural characteristics and their relations to lithium-ion mobilities.It is found that the network formation prevents poly(ethylene oxide)chains from crystallization,which could create sufficient space for segmental tumbling and Li-ion co nductio n.As such,the mechanical property is greatly improved with even higher Li-ion mobilities compared to the poly(vinylene carbonate)or poly(ethylene oxide)based SPE analogues.

Residual alkali-evoked cross-linked polymer layer for anti-air-sensitivity LiNi_(0.89)Co_(0.06)Mn_(0.05)O_(2)cathode

High-energy density lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)with layered high-nickel oxide cathodes(LiNi_(x)Co_(y)Mn_(1-x-y)O_(2),x≥0.8)show great promise in consumer electronics and vehicular applications.However,LiNi_(x)Co_(y)Mn_(1-x-y)O_(2)faces challenges related to capacity decay caused by residual alkalis owing to high sensitivity to air.To address this issue,we propose a hazardous substances upcycling method that fundamentally mitigates alkali content and concurrently induces the emergence of an anti-air-sensitive layer on the cathode surface.Through the neutralization of polyacrylic acid(PAA)with residual alkalis and then coupling it with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane(KH550),a stable and ion-conductive cross-linked polymer layer is in situ integrated into the LiNi_(0.89)Co_(0.06)Mn_(0.05)O_(2)(NCM)cathode.Our characterization and measurements demonstrate its effectiveness.The NCM material exhibits impressive cycling performance,retaining 88.4%of its capacity after 200 cycles at 5 C and achieving an extraordinary specific capacity of 170.0 mA h g^(-1) at 10 C.Importantly,this layer on the NCM efficiently suppresses unfavorable phase transitions,severe electrolyte degradation,and CO_(2)gas evolution,while maintaining commendable resistance to air exposure.This surface modification strategy shows widespread potential for creating air-stable LiNi_(x)Co_(y)Mn_(1-x-y)O_(2)cathodes,thereby advancing high-performance LIBs.

流程型生产安全数据流的多Agent节点协同分流优化方法

为实现流程型生产安全监测系统的及时、准确决策,结合数据流采集与隐患识别过程,分析非关键数据的冗余、关键数据的缺失和数据计算时延较大的问题,提出基于多Agent的流程型生产安全数据流网络分流调度规划方法和节点流量划分识别机制。研究结果表明:相较于分簇传输方法,数据流网络分流调度方法可以实现关键隐患数据更高的传输成功率;相较于常规的复杂事件处理方法,本文提出的流量划分识别机制在2种类型数据集上实现隐患事件识别均有更低的计算时延。研究结果可为流程行业安全生产数字化管控模式和数据高质量获取提供参考。

基于免疫Agent的电力电缆线路故障检测系统

为区别故障信号、非故障信号,实现对电缆线路故障的准确检测,设计了基于免疫Agent的电力电缆线路故障检测系统。利用前端检测电路为故障分析模块、测距方式切换模块提供电量传输信号,完成系统前端检测装置的连接。按照免疫Agent检测原理提取电力电缆线路故障信号的特征,联合已获取信号对象,求解检测插值指标的具体数值。结合各级硬件设备结构,完成系统设计。实验结果表明,该系统可同时检测波频为10~20 Hz、40~50 Hz、60~70 Hz的故障信号与波频为20~30 Hz、30~40 Hz、50~60 Hz的非故障信号,可以在精准辨别故障与非故障信号的同时,实现对电力电缆线路故障的准确检测。

基于Agent人工智能的异构网络多重覆盖节点入侵检测系统设计

异构网络具有结构复杂、多重覆盖面积大等特征,使得网络入侵检测较为隐蔽,威胁网络运行的安全性;为此,对基于Agent人工智能的异构网络多重覆盖节点入侵检测系统进行了研究;通过检测Agent和通信Agent装设主机Agent,以Cisco Stealthwatch流量传感器作为异构网络传感器检测攻击行为,采用STM32L151RDT664位微控制器传输批量数据,由MAX3232芯片实现系统电平转化,实现硬件系统设计;软件部分设计入侵检测标准,采用传感器设备捕获网络实时数据,通过Agent技术解析异构网络协议并提取数据运行特征,综合考虑协议解析结果及与检测标准匹配度,实现异构网络多重覆盖节点入侵检测;经实验测试表明,基于Agent人工智能的异构网络多重覆盖节点入侵检测系统入侵行为的漏检率和入侵类型误检率的平均值仅为6%和5%,能够有效提高检测精度,减小检测误差。

基于Multi-Agent的无人机集群体系自主作战系统设计

针对无人集群自主作战体系设计中的关键问题,提出基于Multi-Agent的无人集群自主作战系统设计方法。建立无人集群各节点的Agent模型及其推演规则;对于仿真系统模块化和通用化的需求,设计系统互操作式接口和无人集群自主作战的交互关系;开展无人集群系统仿真推演验证。仿真结果表明,所提设计方案不仅能够有效开展并完成自主作战网络生成-集群演化-效能评估的全过程动态演示验证,而且能够通过重复随机试验进一步评估无人集群的协同作战效能,最后总结了集群协同作战的策略和经验。

In situ formed cross-linked polymer networks as dual-functional layers for high-stable lithium metal batteries

Lithium-metal anodes(LMAs)have been recognized as the ultimate anodes for next-generation batteries with high energy density,but stringent assembly-environment conditions derived from the poor moisture stability dramatically hinder the transformation of LMAs from laboratory to industry.Herein,an in situ formed cross-linked polymer layer on LMAs is designed and constructed by a facile thiol-acrylate click chemistry reaction between poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate(PEGDA)and the crosslinker containing multi thiol groups under UV irradiation.Owing to the hydrophobic nature of the layer,the treated LMAs demonstrate remarkable humid stability for more than 3 h in ambient air(70%relative humidity).The coating humid-resistant protective layer also possesses a dual-functional characterization as solid polymer electrolytes by introducing lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide in the system in advance.The intimate contact between the polymer layer and LMAs reduces interfacial resistance in the assembled Li/LiFePO_(4)or Li/LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)full cell effectively,and endows the cell with an outstanding cycle performance.

基于Multi-Agent的水电站变压器故障诊断系统

为了精准、快速完成水电站变压器的故障诊断,设计基于Multi-Agent的水电站变压器故障诊断系统。变压器状态监控agent将检测到的变压器故障信息发送给系统管理agent,系统管理agent通过通信agent将变压器故障信息发送给变压器故障诊断agent,变压器故障诊断agent利用小波变换方法提取变压器故障特征,并将其作为IFOA-SVM模型输入,完成变压器故障分类后,获取变压器故障诊断结果,该结果通过通信agent显示给用户。实验表明,该系统可有效诊断变压器故障诊断,诊断成功率受系统故障信息丢失率的影响较小,诊断耗时、耗能小,并具有较高故障诊断成功率。

基于多Agent传动关系的股市趋势预测

股市趋势预测是机器学习领域中一个具有挑战性的任务。由于一些因素对于股市的影响是动态且不确定的,导致股市趋势难以预测。针对已有方法在股市预测时存在的灵敏性差、适应力弱等问题,从快变量和慢变量的传动关系出发,利用Agent技术对股市中的快周期和慢周期进行联合建模,提出一种多Agent传动影响图(MATID)股市趋势预测方法。给出股市中快周期和慢周期的划分标准,并引入周期能量的概念;通过对相关趋势指标的特征融合,给出周期能量的量化计算方法;通过分析快周期和慢周期的动态作用过程,给出传动因子的表示方法;将快周期和慢周期分别对应成不同的Agent,利用多Agent影响图模型建模快周期和慢周期的传动过程;利用股市振子模型表示快Agent和慢Agent之间的传动效用,利用联合树的自动推理技术对股市趋势进行预测。在不同样本数量和不同股市趋势下进行实验,结果表明,与门控循环单元、S-LSTM和Hybrid-RNN预测方法相比,MATID方法预测精确率提升1.5%~7.0%,召回率提升5.4%~6.7%,F1值提升3.7%~6.2%,具有良好的灵敏性和适应力。

基于AI agent的6G内生智能技术框架及其应用

未来6G网络将内生支持通信和AI一体化服务,赋能丰富多彩的新业务,支撑社会高效可持续发展。为此,借鉴了IT行业AI Agent的应用范式,基于电信应用场景创新地提出了6G AI Agent技术框架的三大设计理念,包括多模型融合、定制化Agent和插件式环境交互,并基于该理念构建了6G AI Agent技术框架。通过环境交互层、Agent引擎层、模型调度层、模型基座层交互协同,实现了自主环境感知、自主任务生成和自主执行任务的能力。此外,以移动网络的智能感知任务为例,探索了AI Agent的使用场景及价值,为AI新技术在电信领域发展提供了新的思路和技术支撑。

Cross-linked polyelectrolyte reinforced SnO_(2)electron transport layer for robust flexible perovskite solar cells

SnO_(2)electron transport layer(ETL)is a vital component in perovskite solar cells(PSCs),due to its excellent photoelectric properties and facile fabrication process.In this study,we synthesized a water-soluble and adhesive polyelectrolyte with ethanolamine(EA)and poly-acrylic acid(PAA).The linear PAA was crosslinked by EA,forming a 3D network that stabilized the SnO_(2)nanoparticle dispersion.An organic–inorganic hybrid ETL is developed by introducing the cross-linked PAA-EA into SnO_(2)ETL,which prevents nano particle agglomeration and facilitates uniform SnO_(2)film formation with fewer defects.Additionally,the PAA-EA-modified SnO_(2)facilitated a uniform and compact perovskite film,enhancing the interface contact and carrier transport.Consequently,the PAA-EA-modified PSCs exhibited excellent PCE of 24.34%and 22.88%with high reproducibility for areas of 0.045 and 1.00 cm~2,respectively.Notably,owing to structure reinforce effect of PAA-EA in SnO_(2)ETL,flexible device demonstrated an impressive PCE of 23.34%while maintaining 90.1%of the initial PCE after 10,000 bending cycles with a bending radius of 5 mm.This successful approach of polyelectrolyte reinforced hybrid organic–inorganic ETL displays great potential for flexible,large-area PSCs application.

A UV cross-linked gel polymer electrolyte enabling high-rate and high voltage window for quasi-solid-state supercapacitors

Serving as a promising alternative to liquid electrolyte in the application of portable and wearable devices,gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs)are expected to obtain more preferable properties rather than just be satisfied with the merits of high safety and deformability.Here,an easy-operated method is employed to fabricate cross-linked composite polymer membranes used for GPEs assisted by UV irradiation,in which N-doped carbon quantum dots(N-CQDs)and TiO2are introduced as photocatalysts and additives to improve the performances of GPEs.Specifically,N-CQDs participate as a cross-linker to construct the inner porous structure,and TiO2nanoparticles serve as a stabilizer to improve the electrochemical stability of GPEs under high voltage(3.5 V).The excellent thermal and mechanical stability of the membrane fabricated in this work guarantee the safety of the supercapacitors(SCs).This GPE based SC not only exhibits prominent rate performance(105%capacitance retention at the current density of 40A g^(-1))and cyclic stability(85%at 1 A g^(-1)under 3.5 V after 20,000 cycles),but also displays remarkable energy density(42.88 Wh kg^(-1))with high power density(19.3 k W kg^(-1)).Moreover,the superior rate and cycling performances of the as-prepared GPE based flexible SCs under flat and bending state confirm the feasibility of its application in flexible energy storage devices.

A Self-Healing and Nonflammable Cross-Linked Network Polymer Electrolyte with the Combination of Hydrogen Bonds and Dynamic Disulfide Bonds for Lithium Metal Batteries

The self-healing solid polymer electrolytes(SHSPEs)can spontaneously eliminate mechanical damages or micro-cracks generated during the assembly or operation of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),significantly improving cycling performance and extending service life of LIBs.Here,we report a novel cross-linked network SHSPE(PDDP)containing hydrogen bonds and dynamic disulfide bonds with excellent self-healing properties and nonflammability.The combination of hydrogen bonding between urea groups and the metathesis reaction of dynamic disulfide bonds endows PDDP with rapid self-healing capacity at 28°C without external stimulation.Furthermore,the addition of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide(EMIMTFSI)improves the ionic conductivity(1.13×10^(−4)S cm^(−1)at 28°C)and non-flammability of PDDP.The assembled Li/PDDP/LiFePO_(4)cell exhibits excellent cycling performance with a discharge capacity of 137 mA h g^(−1)after 300 cycles at 0.2 C.More importantly,the self-healed PDDP can recover almost the same ionic conductivity and cycling performance as the original PDDP.

竞争与合作视角下的多Agent强化学习研究进展

随着深度学习和强化学习研究取得长足的进展,多Agent强化学习已成为解决大规模复杂序贯决策问题的通用方法。为了推动该领域的发展,从竞争与合作的视角收集并总结近期相关的研究成果。该文介绍单Agent强化学习;分别介绍多Agent强化学习的基本理论框架——马尔可夫博弈以及扩展式博弈,并重点阐述了其在竞争、合作和混合三种场景下经典算法及其近期研究进展;讨论多Agent强化学习面临的核心挑战——环境的不稳定性,并通过一个例子对其解决思路进行总结与展望。

Patent-based technological developments and surfactants application of lithium-ion batteries fire-extinguishing agent

While newer,more efficient Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)and extinguishing agents have been developed to reduce the occurrence of thermal runaway accidents,there is still a scarcity of research focused on the application of surfactants in different LIBs extinguishing agents,particularly in terms of patented technologies.The aim of this review paper is to provide an overview of the technological progress of LIBs and LIBs extinguishing agents in terms of patents in Korea,Japan,Europe,the United States,China,etc.The initial part of this review paper is sort out LIBs technology development in different regions.In addition,to compare LIBs extinguishing agent progress and challenges of liquid,solid,combination of multiple,and microencapsulated.The subsequent section of this review focuses on an in-depth analysis dedicated to the efficiency and challenges faced by the surfactants corresponding design principles of LIBs extinguishing agents,such as nonionic and anionic surfactants.A total of 451,760 LIBs-related patent and 20 LIBs-fire-extinguishing agent-related patent were included in the analyses.The extinguishing effect,cooling performance,and anti-recombustion on different agents have been highlighted.After a comprehensive comparison of these agents,this review suggests that temperature-sensitive hydrogel extinguishing agent is ideal for the effective control of LIBs fire.The progress and challenges of surfactants have been extensively examined,focusing on key factors such as surface activity,thermal stability,foaming properties,environmental friendliness,and electrical conductivity.Moreover,it is crucial to emphasize that the selection of a suitable surfactant must align with the extinguishing strategy of the extinguishing agent for optimal firefighting effectiveness.

General anesthetic agents induce neurotoxicity through oligodendrocytes in the developing brain

General anesthetic agents can impact brain function through interactions with neurons and their effects on glial cells.Oligodendrocytes perform essential roles in the central nervous system,including myelin sheath formation,axonal metabolism,and neuroplasticity regulation.They are particularly vulnerable to the effects of general anesthetic agents resulting in impaired proliferation,differentiation,and apoptosis.Neurologists are increasingly interested in the effects of general anesthetic agents on oligodendrocytes.These agents not only act on the surface receptors of oligodendrocytes to elicit neuroinflammation through modulation of signaling pathways,but also disrupt metabolic processes and alter the expression of genes involved in oligodendrocyte development and function.In this review,we summarize the effects of general anesthetic agents on oligodendrocytes.We anticipate that future research will continue to explore these effects and develop strategies to decrease the incidence of adverse reactions associated with the use of general anesthetic agents.

Self-Cross-Linked Tannin-Aminated Tannin Surface Coatings for Particleboard

Aminated tannins were prepared by reacting mimosa condensed tannin extract with ammonia yielding the substitution of many,if not all of the tannin hydroxyl groups with–NH_(2)groups.A tannin-aminated tannin(ATT)particleboard coating was then prepared by reacting raw tannin extract with aminated tannin extract and thus cross-linking the two by substituting tannin’s hydroxyl groups with the–NH_(2)groups on the aminated tannin to form–NH-bridges between the two.The resulting particleboard coating gave encouraging results when pressed at 180℃for 3 min.Conversely,the system in which tannin was reacted/cross-liked with urea(ATU)by a similar amination reaction did not perform as well as the ATT system,and this even when a higher curing temperature and longer hot press time were used.In particular its water repellence was worse probably due to the presence of urea and such a system with lower reactivity.Nonetheless,substituting the tannin–OHs with the urea–NH_(2)groups appeared to also take place.ATT gave better results than ATU as regards water repellence and mechanical resistance as shown by the cross cut test.The ATT system was shown to be between 95%and 98%biosourced.The difference appeared to be due,by TMA analysis,to the much faster formation of the ATT hardened network leading to a better cross-linked polymer coating.The chemical species formed for both the ATT and ATU system were studied by MALDI ToF and CP MAS^(13)C NMR.

基于Agent的跨境电子商务课程智能教学系统

当前,跨境电子商务课程智能教学系统功能模块多为单向形式,可控教学覆盖范围较小,导致平均成绩优化比下降,为此提出对基于Agent的跨境电子商务课程智能教学系统的设计与分析。首先,构建通信接口,并接入驱动装置,完成系统硬件的设计;其次,采用多目标的方式,扩大可控教学覆盖范围;最后,设计多目标Agent跨境电子商务课程教学功能模块,关联跨境电子商务教学知识库,完成系统软件设计。测试结果表明:针对选定的6个班级进行测试对比,最终得出的平均成绩优化比均可以达到20%以上,说明在Agent的辅助下,文章设计的系统应用效果更佳,具有实际的应用价值。

Fixed-Time Cluster Optimization for Multi-Agent Systems Based on Piecewise Power-Law Design

Dear Editor,This letter focuses on the fixed-time(FXT)cluster optimization problem of first-order multi-agent systems(FOMASs)in an undirected network,in which the optimization objective is the sum of the objective functions of all clusters.A novel piecewise power-law control protocol with cooperative-competition relations is proposed.Furthermore,a sufficient condition is obtained to ensure that the FOMASs achieve the cluster consensus within an FXT.

Aging-induced memory loss due to decreased N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine,a melatonin metabolite,in the hippocampus:a potential prophylactic agent for dementia

Melatonin(N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine)is known as the hormone of darkness because it is synthesized at night and involved in regulating the circadian clock.The hormone is primarily synthesized by the vertebrate pineal gland,but is ubiquitous among invertebrates,unicellular organisms,plants,and even cyanobacteria(Hattori and Suzuki,2024).Melatonin is well-conserved evolutionarily and possesses several physiological functions,such as immune response,bone and glucose metabolism,and memory formation besides regulating the circadian rhythm.