Research Framework of B3G Mobile Communications Systems

Compared with the services in 3G, services in Beyond 3G (B3G) have some distinctive characteristics such as the packet data services being the majority, more service types, larger scale of services, higher peak transmission rate, enlarged range of transmission rates, more spatial and temporal distribution differences, and more service transmission requests occurring in fast moving vehicles. In order to meet the requirements of B3G services, the B3G systems must have great improvement in network architecture, air interface scheme, radio resource allocation strategy, frequency bands, and Radio Frequency (RF) technology etc. Therefore, the research of the B3G systems should focus on the theory of generalized cellular communications networks, theory of the Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) wireless transmission system, matching of radio resources to new-type air interfaces, new iterative detection and adaptive link methods, and new-type antenna and RF technologies.

FACT:An Air-Ground Communication Framework for Seeding Quality Control of Aircraft

A new type of air-ground communication application framework named FACT(framework for air-ground communication technology with weather-modification aircraft)is presented to track and command weather-modification aircraft to perform ideal cloud seeding.FACT provides a set of solutions from three perspectives,namely,onboard,onground and air-to-ground,with the core purpose of solving the problems of the rapid exchange of information,contract analysis and identifying potential seeding areas when flight plans and meteorological conditions change.On board,the observed data are processed centrally and transmitted downward through air-to-ground communication.The real-time application and sharing of aircraft detection data are strengthened on the ground,and potential areas of operation are automatically identified based on ground data.The communication between the air and the ground achieves a technical breakthrough by realizing double satellite links,adaptive data transmission and VPN channel encryption.Additionally,an application based on FACT is designed and implemented for the real-time command of weather-modified aircraft.This approach has become the key air-to-ground communication system support for more than 40 Chinese aircraft and the big data service support center of airborne data to ensure improved operation of weather-modification aircraft in China.

Federated Learning on Internet of Things:Extensive and Systematic Review

The proliferation of IoT devices requires innovative approaches to gaining insights while preserving privacy and resources amid unprecedented data generation.However,FL development for IoT is still in its infancy and needs to be explored in various areas to understand the key challenges for deployment in real-world scenarios.The paper systematically reviewed the available literature using the PRISMA guiding principle.The study aims to provide a detailed overview of the increasing use of FL in IoT networks,including the architecture and challenges.A systematic review approach is used to collect,categorize and analyze FL-IoT-based articles.Asearch was performed in the IEEE,Elsevier,Arxiv,ACM,and WOS databases and 92 articles were finally examined.Inclusion measures were published in English and with the keywords“FL”and“IoT”.The methodology begins with an overview of recent advances in FL and the IoT,followed by a discussion of how these two technologies can be integrated.To be more specific,we examine and evaluate the capabilities of FL by talking about communication protocols,frameworks and architecture.We then present a comprehensive analysis of the use of FL in a number of key IoT applications,including smart healthcare,smart transportation,smart cities,smart industry,smart finance,and smart agriculture.The key findings from this analysis of FL IoT services and applications are also presented.Finally,we performed a comparative analysis with FL IID(independent and identical data)and non-ID,traditional centralized deep learning(DL)approaches.We concluded that FL has better performance,especially in terms of privacy protection and resource utilization.FL is excellent for preserving privacy becausemodel training takes place on individual devices or edge nodes,eliminating the need for centralized data aggregation,which poses significant privacy risks.To facilitate development in this rapidly evolving field,the insights presented are intended to help practitioners and researchers navigate the complex terrain of FL and IoT.

Critical emancipatory reflection on a practice-based issue in relation to nurses' communicative role with unsatisfied clients in Chinese hospitals

Objective: This study aims to use reflective theory and critical emancipatory theory to explore nurses' communicative role with unsatisfied clients.Methods: This paper begins with the broad issue, and the analysis will engage Smyth's cycle, which includes describing, analyzing,exploring, and reconstructing.Results: Critical emancipatory reflection is essential to make changes in the professional practice of nursing, because it is of primary importance for the professional learning and development of a nurse.Conclusions: Critical emancipatory reflection helps a nurse to analyze the constraints, including historical, sociocultural, political, and personal aspects.

A survey on semantic communications:Technologies,solutions,applications and challenges

Semantic Communication(SC)has emerged as a novel communication paradigm that provides a receiver with meaningful information extracted from the source to maximize information transmission throughput in wireless networks,beyond the theoretical capacity limit.Despite the extensive research on SC,there is a lack of comprehensive survey on technologies,solutions,applications,and challenges for SC.In this article,the development of SC is first reviewed and its characteristics,architecture,and advantages are summarized.Next,key technologies such as semantic extraction,semantic encoding,and semantic segmentation are discussed and their corresponding solutions in terms of efficiency,robustness,adaptability,and reliability are summarized.Applications of SC to UAV communication,remote image sensing and fusion,intelligent transportation,and healthcare are also presented and their strategies are summarized.Finally,some challenges and future research directions are presented to provide guidance for further research of SC.

Opportunistic Usage of Maritime VHF Band—Deployment Challenges for a New Regulatory Framework

Similarly to other domains, maritime community requests for broadband services have been significantly increasing. Worldwide navigation footprint and the lack of practical alternatives to Satellite Communications (SATCOM) empower VHF band as the natural choice to support most of those demands. Nevertheless, the major challenge for an implementation of maritime broadband VHF services is unquestionably the spectrum availability and management. Eventually, the solution must include spectrum sharing, using a Cognitive Radio (CR) based approach, but unfortunately current regulatory framework and spectrum management regime are not appropriate for such concepts and emerging technologies. To overcome such constraints, it is necessary to address a whole field of regulatory and standardization issues in order to prepare an evolution towards a more flexible and dynamic approach to spectrum management and a transition that would ensure incumbents live operations and legacy systems. The required paradigm change encompasses a new policy definition, an enforcement mechanism implementation and a comprehensive transition plan. The presented analysis pretends to address the regulatory feasibility of a framework change, discusses its evolving process and points some challenges related with practical aspects associated to Quality of Service (QoS) enforcement metrics definition, centering the arguments in maritime VHF band.

The Technical Design and Implementation of Cross-Platform Industrial Product Order System

According to some data in the Industrial Purchasing Trends report released by China in 2017,we can see that e-commerce purchasing channels have ranked first among all industrial products purchasing channels in China compared with European and American countries.In addition,in the whole industrial product purchasing market,we can also see that both manufacturers and suppliers are making active e-commerce transformation,and some other Internet giants are also actively entering the industrial product e-commerce industry.But at present,the revenue of all kinds of subjects is still a lot of room for improvement compared to the United States industrial giants.Although the domestic e-commerce market of industrial products has a variety of problems,also contains huge opportunities and development space.Today mobile Internet technology is becoming more and more popular.It is particularly important to develop a cross-platform industrial product order system that supports the collaborative work and unified experience of Android,iOS,and Web.This system uses a uni-app framework to develop front-end applications,which can realize an order management system with code running across multiple platforms.The back end is built based on LNMP architecture.Linux is the most popular free operating system.Nginx is a free and efficient web server with good stable performance,rich functions,simple operation and maintenance,fast processing of static files,and minimal system resource consumption.MySQL database is one of the most widely used relational databases in Web application data processing.The server side is written by PHP script under ThinkPHP framework,which is quick,open-source,and cross-platform in system construction.And these four kinds of software are free,open-source software,together,they can become a free,efficient,highly extensible website service system.

BLE Mesh： A Practical Mesh Networking Development Framework for Public Safety Communications

Owing to advanced storage and communication capabilities today, smart devices have become the basic interface between individuals and their surrounding environment. In particular, massive devices connect to one other directly in a proximity area, thereby enabling abundant Proximity Services（Pro Se）, which can be classified into two categories： public safety communication and social discovery. However, two challenges impede the quick development and deployment of Pro Se applications. From the viewpoint of networking, no multi-hop connectivity functionality component can be directly operated on commercially off-the-shelf devices, and from the programming viewpoint, an easily reusable development framework is lacking for developers with minimal knowledge of the underlying communication technologies and connectivity. Considering these two issues, this paper makes a twofold contribution. First, a multi-hop mesh networking based on Bluetooth Low Energy（BLE） is implemented,in which a proactive routing mechanism with link-quality（i.e., received signal strength indication） assistance is designed. Second, a Pro Se development framework called BLE Mesh is designed and implemented, which can provide significant benefits for application developers, framework maintenance professionals, and end users. Rich application programming interfaces can help developers to build Pro Se apps easily and quickly. Dependency inversion principle and template method pattern allow modules in BLE Mesh to be loosely coupled and easy to maintain and update. Callback mechanism enables modules to work smoothly together and automation processes such as registration, node discovery, and messaging are employed to offer nearly zero-configuration for end users.Finally, based on the designed Pro Se development kit, a public safety communications app called Quote Send App is built to distribute emergency information in close area without Internet access. The process illustrates the easy usability of BLE Mesh to develop Pro Se apps.

Critique of an Existing Language Syllabus

This article is intended for exploration and critique of some issues of the syllabus for Certificate in English for Business. The issues examined are what ideologies are behind the design, what types of the syllabus are and whether it is likely to develop the communicative competence. In addition, the comparison between the learning outcomes and objectives of the education program is also included. Next, the process-oriented syllabus which is different from the category of the teaching plan is taken into consideration as well. Finally, minor problems on whether the design is likely to meet the learners'needs and motivate the learners, whether it is likely for the teacher to the implement the plan are covered, being discussed briefly.

EXPLOITING THE LANGUAGE LAB: A WAY TO FIT LAB-BASED LISTENING COURSES INTO THE COMMUNICATIVE FRAMEWORK

This paperlanalyzes why the language laboratory still has an important role to play in ELT in China. Two methods of incorporating lab-based courses into a communicative framework, involving classroom interaction patterns and task-based listening materials, are suggested, and a model lesson applying these two methods is presented.