Development of agricultural machinery operating service in Chongqing takes on rapid increase in number of service organizations,diversified service methods,improvement in service level,and constant service income. How...Development of agricultural machinery operating service in Chongqing takes on rapid increase in number of service organizations,diversified service methods,improvement in service level,and constant service income. However,there are some problems,including unreasonable composition and small scale of service organization,imbalanced development of four service methods,low service level,and low operating income of agricultural machinery households. To accelerate development of agricultural machinery operating service in Chongqing,it is recommended to take following measures: adjusting subsidy for purchase and operation of agricultural machinery; improving fiscal and taxation and financial system; speeding up infrastructure construction,establishing agricultural machinery information network,and improving organizational form and methods of agricultural machinery operating service.展开更多
针对大规模农田的粮食抢收工作,由于抢收约束时间的限制,导致可能无法在规定时间内完成所有粮食的收割任务,此时则会出现粮食损失值。构建以粮食损失值最小化为目标的农机跨区紧急调配模型,提出基于两阶段的农机紧急调配算法(Agricultur...针对大规模农田的粮食抢收工作,由于抢收约束时间的限制,导致可能无法在规定时间内完成所有粮食的收割任务,此时则会出现粮食损失值。构建以粮食损失值最小化为目标的农机跨区紧急调配模型,提出基于两阶段的农机紧急调配算法(Agricultural Machinery Emergency Algorithm based on Two Stages,TSEA)。首先按照基于距离的分区策略对大规模农田进行分区,接着采用改进的遗传算法分别对各农田分区进行农机紧急作业调配。为验证算法的有效性,主要从紧急任务的粮食损失值、算法运行时间等方面将TSEA算法与GA、SA算法进行比较,试验结果表明,TSEA算法得到的紧急调度方案优于其他两种算法。为验证本文分区策略的有效性,分别采用TSEA算法和不分区的紧急调配算法从粮食损失值、算法运行时间等方面进行比较,验证分区策略的有效性。多组试验结果表明该文提出的策略和算法对于解决大规模农田的农机跨区紧急调配问题更有效,可为农机管理部门提供解决方案。展开更多
Agricultural machinery typically requires lower limb actuation forces for operations such as treadling,pedaling and tractor based.However,limited systems exist for assessment of such forces that have ergonomic influen...Agricultural machinery typically requires lower limb actuation forces for operations such as treadling,pedaling and tractor based.However,limited systems exist for assessment of such forces that have ergonomic influence.This study,therefore developed and evaluated a single board computer integrated foot transducer(IFT)and autonomous data logging and visualization systemtomonitor dynamic lower limb exerted forces.The systemconsists of custom developed load sensors sandwiched into foot shaped units that fit operator's both feet.Stamped forces at crank angles for operations typical to pedaling while at height(above ground level)for operation representing typical treadling operations were recorded on-board amemory card and displayed on a liquid crystal display.Evaluations were conducted by imposing external loads that significantly increased(p b 0.05)the foot exerted forces.Force trends were periodic with peaks of 73,85,110.5 and 145.4 N for left foot and 41,50,131.7 and 145.4 N for right foot at loads of 10,30,50 and 70 N,respectively during pedaling operations.Similarly,the left lower actuation limb exerted forces of 139,249 and 255 N at 5,10 and 15 N of imposed loads,respectively during treadling operation.System was also evaluated for tractor operations and exerted forces ranged from 92 to 164 and 107–176 N for clutch pedal engagement at lower to higher tractor speeds on farm and tarmacadam roads,respectively.Similarly,for brake pedal engagement,such forces ranged from106 to 173 and 120–204 N on farm and tarmacadamroads.These forces varied significantly at different forward speeds.Results suggest potential of such system for foot exerted force assessments typical to agricultural machinery systems in real field.Designsmay be evaluated or reconsidered tominimizemusculoskeletal disorder risks during prolonged operations.Work-rest schedules protocols can be developed by ergonomists for safe,efficient and comfortable operations.展开更多
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(SWU1309402XDJK2012C001)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Fund of China(71473205)Major Project of Decision Consultation and Management Innovation of Chongqing(cstc2013jccx B0022)
文摘Development of agricultural machinery operating service in Chongqing takes on rapid increase in number of service organizations,diversified service methods,improvement in service level,and constant service income. However,there are some problems,including unreasonable composition and small scale of service organization,imbalanced development of four service methods,low service level,and low operating income of agricultural machinery households. To accelerate development of agricultural machinery operating service in Chongqing,it is recommended to take following measures: adjusting subsidy for purchase and operation of agricultural machinery; improving fiscal and taxation and financial system; speeding up infrastructure construction,establishing agricultural machinery information network,and improving organizational form and methods of agricultural machinery operating service.
文摘针对大规模农田的粮食抢收工作,由于抢收约束时间的限制,导致可能无法在规定时间内完成所有粮食的收割任务,此时则会出现粮食损失值。构建以粮食损失值最小化为目标的农机跨区紧急调配模型,提出基于两阶段的农机紧急调配算法(Agricultural Machinery Emergency Algorithm based on Two Stages,TSEA)。首先按照基于距离的分区策略对大规模农田进行分区,接着采用改进的遗传算法分别对各农田分区进行农机紧急作业调配。为验证算法的有效性,主要从紧急任务的粮食损失值、算法运行时间等方面将TSEA算法与GA、SA算法进行比较,试验结果表明,TSEA算法得到的紧急调度方案优于其他两种算法。为验证本文分区策略的有效性,分别采用TSEA算法和不分区的紧急调配算法从粮食损失值、算法运行时间等方面进行比较,验证分区策略的有效性。多组试验结果表明该文提出的策略和算法对于解决大规模农田的农机跨区紧急调配问题更有效,可为农机管理部门提供解决方案。
文摘Agricultural machinery typically requires lower limb actuation forces for operations such as treadling,pedaling and tractor based.However,limited systems exist for assessment of such forces that have ergonomic influence.This study,therefore developed and evaluated a single board computer integrated foot transducer(IFT)and autonomous data logging and visualization systemtomonitor dynamic lower limb exerted forces.The systemconsists of custom developed load sensors sandwiched into foot shaped units that fit operator's both feet.Stamped forces at crank angles for operations typical to pedaling while at height(above ground level)for operation representing typical treadling operations were recorded on-board amemory card and displayed on a liquid crystal display.Evaluations were conducted by imposing external loads that significantly increased(p b 0.05)the foot exerted forces.Force trends were periodic with peaks of 73,85,110.5 and 145.4 N for left foot and 41,50,131.7 and 145.4 N for right foot at loads of 10,30,50 and 70 N,respectively during pedaling operations.Similarly,the left lower actuation limb exerted forces of 139,249 and 255 N at 5,10 and 15 N of imposed loads,respectively during treadling operation.System was also evaluated for tractor operations and exerted forces ranged from 92 to 164 and 107–176 N for clutch pedal engagement at lower to higher tractor speeds on farm and tarmacadam roads,respectively.Similarly,for brake pedal engagement,such forces ranged from106 to 173 and 120–204 N on farm and tarmacadamroads.These forces varied significantly at different forward speeds.Results suggest potential of such system for foot exerted force assessments typical to agricultural machinery systems in real field.Designsmay be evaluated or reconsidered tominimizemusculoskeletal disorder risks during prolonged operations.Work-rest schedules protocols can be developed by ergonomists for safe,efficient and comfortable operations.
