“China Shock”or China Dividend?-China GVC Participation’s Effects on Trading Partners’Technological Progress

This paper explores the effects of China’s global value chain(GVC)participation on technological progress in trading-partner countries based on estimated data on value-added trade between China and 52 trading partners.We find that,first,although China’s exports lowered the total factor productivity(TFP)of its trading partners(competitive effect),its imports greatly increased trading partners’TFP(effect of scale).This implies that China’s GVC participation is beneficial to its trading partners’technological progress in the form of a considerable technology dividend effect.Second,China’s export dividend effect compensates for the negative effect of Chinese competition on trading partners’technological progress;the innovation effects attributable to China’s imports reinforce the positive effects of scale on technological progress.When innovation is factored in,the China dividend thus becomes further reinforced.Third,China’s merchandise imports have a diminishing positive effect on technological progress in trading partners as geographical distance increases,but trade in services transcends geographical boundaries,and the positive technological progress effect of China’s service imports do not diminish as distance increases.We find that the“China dividend”from China’s GVC participation is a significant contributor to technological progress in partner nations,and China’s imports are conducive to innovation and technological progress in developed countries in the long run.

Group Innovation Ability of Agricultural Technological Innovation Strategic Alliance

Agricultural technological innovation strategic alliance, as an important form of strategic alliance, has steadily strengthened the collaborative management among organizations and raised competitive power with the backing of improved group innovation ability. This article studies innovation ability from individual innovation ability to the group innovation ability. Firstly, basic connotation of group innovation ability is to be concluded through the comparison of individual and group innovation ability. Secondly, evaluation index system is to be established based on the influencing factors of the group innovation ability of agricultural technological innovation strategic alliance and evaluation is based on three dimensions, namely organization technological innovation ability, alliance collaborative innovation ability as well as innovation environment. Furthermore, basic methods for promoting the group innovation ability of alliance are to be proposed.

How technological proximity affect collaborative innovation?An empirical study of China’s Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

Based on joint-innovation patent data from 2000 to 2016 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region of China,the purpose of this paper is to analyze how technological proximity affects university-industry collaborative innovation in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.We adopt a 1:1 matching design to conduct an empirical study.The results show that the effect of technological proximity on the formation of collaborative innovation displays an inverted U-shape,and geographical proximity and institutional proximity play a positive role of forming a tie.Geographical proximity and institutional proximity as a coordination mechanism,have negatively influenced the relationship between technological proximity and the formation of university-industry collaborative innovation.Furthermore,university strength improves the possibility of collaborative innovation.These findings contributed to the understanding of the relationship between technological proximity and collaborative innovation.

AI Inventions: The Best Mode Requirement, Is It up for Redefinition, Minimizing Potential Innovation Bias and Optimizing Visual Aids?

From the author, there are not less than a dozen of rather significant recent publications in scientific editions anticipating some aspects of importance to innovation such as “bigger data”, AI, IP, and frontier technology with a central massive contribution in 2020 on AI, IP, and EI. Nonetheless, the IP associated with AI remains still barely covered in scientific publications. Especially patent discussion tends to be rather a legal matter. Another trilogy, 2013, “Business Strategy-IP Strategy-R&D Strategy: An All-in-One Business Model” proposed by the author, marked the advent, and customized implementation of a new strategy level. After the two trilogies’ volumes, the AI-IP “accessibility” chapter was a logical step brought to the attention of a larger public by the author. The time now to bring to light another chapter, namely the IP eligibility of AI innovation steps in ad hoc inventions. The main objectives of this short, principally illustrated communication, are to: 1) Revise the best mode requirement status, i.e. the best way to enable the reproducibility of claimed matter, reviewing its need for improvement when AI is involved. And proposing a unique sequence of evolution inspired by IP’s current and evolving practices. 2) Give a new dimension to visual aids to help the Best Mode description, demystify AI complexity, and underline frontier traits that may hinder a confident adoption or well-argued rejection. 3) Further illustrations take into account the fact that IoT, AI, and 3D can be simpler than perceived. 4) Finally ATA©, Adjacent Technology Analysis, is timely refreshed in a unique challenging, indeed tumultuous, environment. 5) Bias, such as semantic ones is consistently monitored. 6) Overall leaving space for innovative pleasurable interpretation. The emphasis is on educational, illustrative and demonstrative value.

中瑞农业科技创新合作的必要性及对策建议

瑞士作为我国首个创新战略伙伴关系国,与我国有着良好的农业科技合作基础。两国农业科技创新需求互补性强、利益与战略契合点多、合作领域广泛、合作空间与潜力大。加强两国不同利益相关方在农业科技领域的创新合作,将有助于共同应对区域性或全球性重大农业挑战。文章阐述了双方在农业科技创新领域合作的必要性,分析了双方农业科技发展的特点以及双方合作发展态势,剖析了双方农业科技创新合作中存在的问题,并从项目管理机制、合作成果评价机制、项目资助机制、相关利益方参与机制等方面提出了双方在农业科技创新领域加强合作的对策建议,以期为两国未来合作机制的深入探索提供借鉴与参考。

“一带一路”共建国家农业科技创新合作网络结构演化及影响因素探究

基于WOS数据库中跨国农业科技论文合著数据,借助社会网络分析法和QAP回归模型,剖析2006—2020年“一带一路”共建国家农业科技创新合作网络结构演化特征及影响因素。研究发现:(1)“一带一路”共建国家农业科技创新合作网络整体结构指标均得到了不同程度的优化,且各指标优化速度快于全球农业科技创新合作网络。(2)“一带一路”共建国家和全球国家农业科技创新合作网络去中心化趋势均较明显,多核共存特征更加突出。(3)中国和意大利在合作网络中同时扮演着核心者和中间人角色。(4)合作网络呈现出双向溢出、主受益、“经纪人”3种类型的块集聚特征,亚洲国家是推动农业科技创新合作的主引擎。(5)制度、经济、科研和认知邻近对3个阶段的合作网络都具有显著的正向影响,而空间邻近对合作的阻碍作用逐渐减弱。“一带一路”共建国家应进一步重视跨国农业科技创新合作,明确自身在合作网络中的地位与角色,充分借助网络核心国家的重要作用,加速融入农业科技创新国际合作核心网络.

加强辽宁省、市农业科研机构科技协同创新的实践与思考

加强农业科技创新主体协同合作是提升国家农业科技创新能力的有效途径。近年来,辽宁省已经初步构建了具有辽宁特色的农业科技创新体系,但随着经济快速发展、科技进步和体制变革,其在体制机制、结构和组织管理模式等方面仍存在一定的问题。文章通过分析辽宁省、市两级农业科研机构的发展现状及在协同创新方面存在的问题,提出了强化顶层设计与制度创新、着力培育重大成果、加强人才队伍和平台建设、加大经费投入力度、探索激励机制与加强监督考核等推进辽宁省、市农业科研机构协同创新的对策建议。

新型举国体制推动军民科技协同创新:内在逻辑与实践进路

新型举国体制是传统举国体制在新时代的适应性转型,在国家竞争日益加剧和民族复兴的关键时期,新型举国体制成为发挥中国制度优势、破解关键核心技术难题、实现国家战略任务的重要抓手。如何探索新型举国体制的实现方式,尤其是在国家安全、军民融合等重大战略领域满足国家战略需求,已成为当前亟需回答的重要课题。鉴于此,在深入分析新型举国体制推动军民科技协同创新的内在逻辑及创新要素基础上,从组织体系及实现机制两个层面构建新型举国体制推动军民科技协同创新的分析框架,并通过对军民协同推进新冠疫苗研发的全景式回顾进行案例探索,揭示新冠疫苗研发的中国经验——以新型举国体制为制度优势,以定位“国家重大战略任务”为前提,在党中央集中统一领导下,发挥军民融合的战略支撑作用,释放社会主义市场经济活力的中国方式。

数字化转型、融通创新与企业技术效率粘性效应

现实中企业技术效率存在粘性效应,具体表现为企业在产业升级、技术改进等方面具有反馈、积累和锁定效应,进而促进企业长期高质量发展和经济持续性增长。基于转移矩阵分析检验企业技术效率的粘性效应,同时基于回归分析检验企业数字化转型与技术效率粘性的影响及其作用机制,研究发现:技术效率粘性普遍存在于我国上市公司中,且企业数字化转型与企业技术效率粘性存在倒U型关系,融通创新与企业技术效率粘性呈现倒U型关系,数字化转型与融通创新正相关,融通创新是数字化转型影响企业技术效率粘性的重要机制。基于异质性分析发现:不同产权性质和规模的企业,数字化转型会对企业技术效率粘性产生差异化影响。研究结论对企业利用数字信息技术进行融通创新以促进企业高质量发展具有重要的指导意义。

协同创新理论下中国国家实验室建设路径探索——基于美国能源部国家实验室的经验启示

为推进中国国家实验室的开放和协同创新,运用协同创新理论,基于对美国能源部国家实验室协同创新的实践经验分析,结合中国当前面临被西方主要国家技术封锁的严峻形势,探讨协同创新促进中国国家实验室建设的路径。协同创新包含了多方创新主体、共同目标、优势互补和合理分工、复杂的相互作用和整体协同效应等五方面的核心要素,其结构从简单无序布局向高级有序组织变革转变为网络化创新结构,因此要确保协同创新成果实现,需要充分考虑不同主体之间的利益平衡和风险控制等因素。美国能源部国家实验室具有明确的战略目标与使命、充足的财政投入与多元化经费来源、高效的管理运行机制、人员组成多元化的强大科研团队,其发展总体呈现开放化、网络化的对外合作趋势,在协同创新方面形成了强化战略导向和目标聚焦、深化产学研合作、建立高效的协同机制、强化人才培养和团队建设,以及鼓励创新、营造宽容失败的文化氛围等经验举措。借鉴美国经验,深化国际合作和加强内部合作是应对挑战、促进国家实验室建设的两翼。因此,应对当前西方国家技术封锁,中国国家实验室建设须毫不动摇地坚持开放共享与合作交流的理念,强化顶层设计与政策引导,深化产学研用合作,建立高效协同机制,实现多领域协同创新、引领学科交叉创新,并积极融入创新联合体建设,弘扬科学家精神、营造鼓励创新探索的科研文化氛围。

校企协同口腔医学技术专业创新创业课程体系构建与实践

目前,我国在推行校企合作创新创业教育模式,学校教育与企业需求在一定程度仍存在着脱节的问题,尤其是口腔医学技术这种专业性较强的学科。本文基于校企融合的背景,对目前校企融合背景下口腔医学技术专业创新创业课程存在的问题进行分析,并探讨了相应的课程体系构建策略,包括改革课程体系、融入专业课程、加强师资力量、建立创业教育平台等。

Modeling Analysis of Complex Products Resource Integration Behavior Under Distributed Collaborative Technology Innovation Mode

According to new features of distributed technology innovation collaboration of complex products of China’s aviation,in the multi-agent collaborative R&D process,between main manufacturer and suppliers,this paper summarizes the organizational structure and characteristics of collaborative mode of distributed technology innovation of complex products,basing on the technological innovation and resource integration of complex products,and treating resource contribution rate as a key parameter. It establishes multi-agent resource integration collaborative symbiosis model under distributed collaborative technology innovation mode based on symbiosis theory. And finds that some factors such as the basic attributes of the enterprise,the mutual influence of resources among enterprises and the behavior decision of the main manufacturer have some effects on the resource integration using stability analysis and simulation analysis,which provides a theoretical basis for the main manufacturer to optimize the behavior of suppliers’ resource integration.

新兴技术伦理风险协同治理研究

新兴技术在造福人类社会的同时也引发了诸多伦理风险问题,防范和化解新兴技术伦理风险成为科技创新领域的重点内容,须高度重视和切实加强新兴技术伦理风险治理研究,以高效治理范式促进新兴技术良性发展和科技创新事业向善而行。通过阐释新兴技术伦理风险概念内涵和基本特征,剖析新兴技术伦理风险具体样态、生成缘由和管理问题,运用协同治理范式,从治理理念、治理主体、治理手段、治理过程和治理范围出发,提出新兴技术伦理风险协同治理实施路径,为有效应对科技创新领域伦理风险问题,着力提高新兴技术伦理风险治理效能,大力促进国家治理能力现代化提供理论指导和政策支持。

Market Dissimilarity, Technology Complementarity and Collaborative Innovation Performance: The Moderating Effects of IT Adoption

As the strategic alliance between firms is becoming increasingly popular, and collaborative innovation is becoming an important management issue, the lack of a holistic framework of different collaborative partners’ characteristics and their different effects on firms’ innovation is becoming a critical research gap. Another intension of our study is to explore the moderating factors that affect the market dissimilarity/technology complementarity—innovation performance relationships. Using the data of collaboration between innovative firms, we tested our hypotheses using partial least squares(PLS). The results show that both market dissimilarity and technology complementarity between collaborative partners relate positively to focal firms’ innovation performance, in terms of both novelty and efficiency,while technology complementarity is more effective. Our results also indicate that IT adoption negatively moderates the relationship between market dissimilarity and collaborative innovation novelty/efficiency,and the relationship between technology complementarity and innovation efficiency, while in terms of the relationship between technology complementarity and innovation novelty, the moderating effect becomes significantly positive. This study extends previous research on collaborative innovation.

区块链赋能下产学研协同创新意愿研究

区块链技术为产学研协同创新发展带来新契机,为促进产学研协同创新,文中构建了初始状态、补偿状态和区块链状态下的产学研协同创新的动态博弈模型,基于演化博弈理论对3种状态下的模型对比分析,探究区块链赋能对产学研协同创新意愿的影响机制与策略选择。结果表明:区块链技术可替代基于补偿作用带来的惩罚和成本补偿程度。区块链技术成本、区块链信用金、使用区块链节省的协同创新成本和增加的协同收入均会有效影响产学研协同创新意愿。区块链技术的赋能促进博弈主体协同创新意愿的提升,使产学研协同创新焕发新的活力。该研究可为区块链在产学研协同创新中的应用提供理论依据和支撑,并丰富和发展产学研协同创新的研究内容。

产业协同集聚促进了城市创业活跃度提升吗?

在全面推行高质量发展的时代背景下,产业协同集聚已成为提升城市创业活跃度的新引擎。基于2005—2019年中国279个地级及以上城市数据,考察产业协同集聚与城市创业活跃度之间的因果关系及作用机理。研究发现,产业协同集聚显著促进了城市创业活跃度提升,外商直接投资、技术创新和人才集聚是产业协同集聚影响城市创业活跃度的重要路径;异质性分析发现,产业协同集聚对城市创业活跃度提升的促进效果在服务业综合改革试点之后,东部地区以及一、二三线城市更明显,且在城市群城市的促进效果比非城市群城市更明显;进一步分析发现,地方政府经济竞争在产业协同集聚对城市创业活跃度的影响中发挥显著的负向调节作用,而地方政府创新竞争发挥显著的正向调节作用。据此提出加快推进“双轮驱动”的产业协同发展战略,因地制宜制定城市创业政策,优化地方政府竞争体系等政策建议。

数字产业协同创新对绿色高质量发展的影响

选取2012—2021年中国279个地级及以上城市面板数据,实证检验数字产业协同创新对绿色高质量发展的影响效应及内在机制。研究结果表明,数字产业协同创新对绿色高质量发展的影响呈“U”型非线性特征。数字产业协同创新可通过推动低碳技术进步间接影响绿色高质量发展水平。数字产业协同创新对绿色高质量发展的“U”型非线性影响存在显著异质性,具体表现为在跨过拐点后,数字产业协同创新对东部地区城市、大规模城市及中心型城市的促进作用更显著。据此,提出深挖数字产业协同创新发展优势、完善低碳技术研发体系、制定差异化数字产业发展策略,赋能绿色高质量发展的政策建议。

海洋牧场企业绿色技术协同创新机制研究——基于扎根理论的质性分析

基于协同视角的绿色技术创新是海洋牧场企业实现可持续发展的重要途经,但实践中却存在技术创新动力不足、创新风险时有发生、协同合作失败以及创新绩效无法衡量等问题。为进一步系统揭示绿色技术协同创新的运行规律,文章运用扎根理论方法诠释海洋牧场企业绿色技术协同创新机制体系,探究各创新机制间的作用关系,并通过结构方程模型对其进行验证。研究发现:动力机制、主体行为演化机制、风险管理机制、绩效评价机制和保障机制共同构成了海洋牧场企业绿色技术协同创新机制。海洋牧场企业绿色技术创新动力机制和保障机制对主体行为演化机制具有正向显著影响作用,而主体行为演化机制和保障机制对风险管理机制具有显著的正向影响作用;风险管理机制对绩效评价机制具有正向的显著影响作用;海洋牧场企业创新绩效评价机制对绿色技术创新行为具有直接显著的影响作用;而动力机制、主体行为演化机制、风险管理机制均对绿色技术协同创新行为具有间接驱动作用。

技术融合对企业利用式与探索式创新绩效的影响

21世纪初以来,随着各学科的突破和交叉融合,技术融合作为产业发展中一个新的决定性因素已成为企业突破技术约束、应对市场变化、实现创新发展的关键途径,并促进产业跨界协同形成新的创新网络。然而,由于融合现象固有的模糊性和复杂性,少有学者关注定量研究不同技术融合模式对企业创新的影响。因此,从技术元素之间的关系视角出发,基于中国343家新能源汽车企业2005—2017年新产品数据、专利数据与企业性质的面板数据,通过不同类别国际专利分类号(IPC)构建企业技术知识共现矩阵,采用负二项固定效应回归模型实证检验互补性和替代性技术融合对企业利用式与探索式创新绩效的作用机制。结果表明:当企业偏向采取利用式创新,通过改进已有产品、设计或服务来满足消费者需求时,应采取替代性技术融合来提升创新绩效;而当企业力求寻找新技术发展轨迹,通过探索式创新来满足新兴顾客或新兴市场需求时,互补性技术融合的积极作用则更加突出,替代性技术融合虽然一开始能赋予原有技术新的附加功能和更强的竞争力,但在后期将不利于探索式创新绩效的进一步提升。据此,建议企业管理者应深入理解企业技术元素之间的关系,通过不同技术融合方式发展不同的技术创新轨道。

产业投资基金能够激励企业技术创新吗?——基于国家集成电路产业投资基金的研究

国家产业投资基金是支持企业创新发展的重要政策工具。本文以国家集成电路产业投资基金设立作为准自然实验,使用2010—2020年的沪深A股上市公司数据,考察国家产业投资基金对企业创新的影响和作用机制。实证分析得出:国家集成电路产业投资基金能够显著提升企业的创新质量,而且通过缓解企业的融资约束、推动企业开拓市场份额等渠道为企业技术创新奠定资金和市场需求基础。国家集成电路产业投资基金对年轻企业、小规模企业和处于环渤海、中西部地区的集成电路企业有显著的创新促进作用。进一步分析得出,国家集成电路产业投资基金能够提升企业的协同创新水平和效率,而且社会基金能够增强国家产业投资基金对企业创新的推动作用。本文为国家产业投资基金促进企业创新发展提供了经验证据,有利于实现突破性技术创新和提升集成电路产业链安全性。