We investigated forest road networks and forestry operations before and after mechanization on aggregated forestry operation sites. We developed equations to estimate densities of road networks with average slope angl...We investigated forest road networks and forestry operations before and after mechanization on aggregated forestry operation sites. We developed equations to estimate densities of road networks with average slope angles, operational efficiency of bunching operations with road network density, and average forwarding distances with operation site areas. Subsequently, we analyzed the effects of aggregating forests, establishing forest road networks, and mechanization on operational efficiency and costs. Six ha proved to be an appropriate operation site area with minimum operation expenses. The operation site areas of the forest owners＇ cooperative in this region aggregated approximately 6 ha and the cooperative conducted forestry operations on aggregated sites. Therefore, 6 ha would be an appropriate operation site area in this region. Regarding road network density, higher-density road networks increased operational expenses due to the higher direct operational expenses of strip road establishment. Therefore, road network density should be reduced to approximately 200 m.展开更多
In this paper the use of lime stabilized subgrade for low volume roads in two regions with high mountains and different frost penetration conditions in Türkiye was investigated in terms of design,performance,and ...In this paper the use of lime stabilized subgrade for low volume roads in two regions with high mountains and different frost penetration conditions in Türkiye was investigated in terms of design,performance,and cost.Pavements on unstabilized and stabilized subgrade were designed for two regions(Izmir and Van),covering all climate variations.The resilient modulus of the lime stabilized subgrade with different soil pulverization levels for non-freezing and freezing conditions were taken from a previous laboratory study.Frost effects were considered in pavement design using two different approaches,including limited subgrade frost penetration method and reduced subgrade strength method.Detailed application and evaluation were performed for all steps.Lime stabilized subgrades significantly reduced the thickness of base courses,and the benefit of lime stabilization was highly dependent on soil pulverization level.A detailed cost analysis on the unstabilized and stabilized cases found that the use of lime stabilization in the subgrade provided significant initial cost savings.Comparative analysis by using the AASHTO(1993)method and KENPAVE software,and quantity effect of soil pulverization level on the performance of low volume roads from a service life perspective,show that subgrade resilient modulus can be estimated.It is also possible to make correct performance estimation in the field.The results of the study show that lime stabilization is a good solution for low volume roads in the mountainous regions of Türkiye.展开更多
在电力系统中,终端设备的信任度评估是实现访问权限分级、数据安全采集的关键技术,对于保证电网安全稳定运行具有重要意义。传统的信任度评估模型通常基于终端设备身份识别、运行状态和交互记录等直接计算信任度评分,在面临间接攻击和...在电力系统中,终端设备的信任度评估是实现访问权限分级、数据安全采集的关键技术,对于保证电网安全稳定运行具有重要意义。传统的信任度评估模型通常基于终端设备身份识别、运行状态和交互记录等直接计算信任度评分,在面临间接攻击和节点共谋时,性能较差。针对上述问题,提出一种基于自适应交互反馈的信任度评估(Adaptive Interaction Feedback based Trust evaluation,AIFTrust)机制。所提机制通过直接信任评估模块、信任推荐模块和信任聚合模块全面地度量设备的信任等级,针对电力信息系统中海量协作终端精准地评估信任度。首先,直接信任评估模块引入交互成本,并基于信任衰减策略计算恶意目标终端的直接信任评分;其次,信任推荐模块引入经验相似性,并通过二次聚类推荐相似终端以提高推荐信任度评分的可靠性;然后,信任聚合模块基于信任评分准确性自适应地聚合直接信任度评分和推荐信任度评分。在真实数据集和生成数据集上的仿真实验结果均表明,在攻击概率为30%、信任衰减率为0.05时,AIFTrust相较于基于相似度的信任评估方法SFM(Similarity FraMework)和基于客观信息熵的信任评估方法CRT(Reputation Trusted based on Cooperation)在推荐准确度上分别提高13.30%和14.81%。展开更多
文摘We investigated forest road networks and forestry operations before and after mechanization on aggregated forestry operation sites. We developed equations to estimate densities of road networks with average slope angles, operational efficiency of bunching operations with road network density, and average forwarding distances with operation site areas. Subsequently, we analyzed the effects of aggregating forests, establishing forest road networks, and mechanization on operational efficiency and costs. Six ha proved to be an appropriate operation site area with minimum operation expenses. The operation site areas of the forest owners＇ cooperative in this region aggregated approximately 6 ha and the cooperative conducted forestry operations on aggregated sites. Therefore, 6 ha would be an appropriate operation site area in this region. Regarding road network density, higher-density road networks increased operational expenses due to the higher direct operational expenses of strip road establishment. Therefore, road network density should be reduced to approximately 200 m.
基金a joint venture project between Istanbul University and the Turkish General Directorate of Highways by project number KGM-ARGE/2012-25funded by Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Scientific Research Projects under Project No:ACIP 54739。
文摘In this paper the use of lime stabilized subgrade for low volume roads in two regions with high mountains and different frost penetration conditions in Türkiye was investigated in terms of design,performance,and cost.Pavements on unstabilized and stabilized subgrade were designed for two regions(Izmir and Van),covering all climate variations.The resilient modulus of the lime stabilized subgrade with different soil pulverization levels for non-freezing and freezing conditions were taken from a previous laboratory study.Frost effects were considered in pavement design using two different approaches,including limited subgrade frost penetration method and reduced subgrade strength method.Detailed application and evaluation were performed for all steps.Lime stabilized subgrades significantly reduced the thickness of base courses,and the benefit of lime stabilization was highly dependent on soil pulverization level.A detailed cost analysis on the unstabilized and stabilized cases found that the use of lime stabilization in the subgrade provided significant initial cost savings.Comparative analysis by using the AASHTO(1993)method and KENPAVE software,and quantity effect of soil pulverization level on the performance of low volume roads from a service life perspective,show that subgrade resilient modulus can be estimated.It is also possible to make correct performance estimation in the field.The results of the study show that lime stabilization is a good solution for low volume roads in the mountainous regions of Türkiye.
文摘在电力系统中,终端设备的信任度评估是实现访问权限分级、数据安全采集的关键技术,对于保证电网安全稳定运行具有重要意义。传统的信任度评估模型通常基于终端设备身份识别、运行状态和交互记录等直接计算信任度评分,在面临间接攻击和节点共谋时,性能较差。针对上述问题,提出一种基于自适应交互反馈的信任度评估(Adaptive Interaction Feedback based Trust evaluation,AIFTrust)机制。所提机制通过直接信任评估模块、信任推荐模块和信任聚合模块全面地度量设备的信任等级,针对电力信息系统中海量协作终端精准地评估信任度。首先,直接信任评估模块引入交互成本,并基于信任衰减策略计算恶意目标终端的直接信任评分;其次,信任推荐模块引入经验相似性,并通过二次聚类推荐相似终端以提高推荐信任度评分的可靠性;然后,信任聚合模块基于信任评分准确性自适应地聚合直接信任度评分和推荐信任度评分。在真实数据集和生成数据集上的仿真实验结果均表明,在攻击概率为30%、信任衰减率为0.05时,AIFTrust相较于基于相似度的信任评估方法SFM(Similarity FraMework)和基于客观信息熵的信任评估方法CRT(Reputation Trusted based on Cooperation)在推荐准确度上分别提高13.30%和14.81%。
