Relationship between sonographically measured median nerve cross-sectional area and presence of peripheral neuropathy in diabetic subjects

BACKGROUND Neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus resulting from direct damage by hyperglycemia to the nerves and/or ischemia by microvascular injury to the endoneurial vessels which supply the nerves. Median nerve is one of the peripheral nerves commonly affected in diabetic neuropathy. The median nerve size has been studied in non-Nigerian diabetic populations. In attempt to contribute to existing literature, a study in a Nigerian population is needed.AIM To evaluate the cross-sectional area(CSA) of the median nerve using B-mode ultrasonography(USS) and the presence of peripheral neuropathy(PN) in a cohort of adult diabetic Nigerians.METHODS Demographic and anthropometric data of 85 adult diabetes mellitus(DM) and 85 age-and sex-matched apparently healthy control(HC) subjects were taken. A complete physical examination was performed on all study subjects to determine the presence of PN and modified Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument(MNSI) was used to grade its severity. Venous blood was taken from the study subjects for fasting lipid profile(FLP), fasting blood glucose(FBG) and glycated haemoglobin(HbA1 c) while their MN CSA was evaluated at a point 5 cm proximal to(5 cmCATL) and at the carpal tunnel(CATL) by high-resolution Bmode USS. Data was analysed using SPSS version 22.RESULTS The mean MN CSA was significantly thicker in DM subjects compared to the HC at 5 cmCATL(P < 0.01) and at the CATL(P < 0.01) on both sides. The presence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN) further increased the MN CSA at the CATL(P < 0.05) but not at 5 cmCATL(P > 0.05). However, the severity of DPN had no additional effect on MN CSA 5 cm proximal to and at the CATL. There was no significant association between MN CSA and duration of DM and glycemic control.CONCLUSION Thickening of the MN CSA at 5 cmCATL and CATL is seen in DM. Presence of DPN is associated with worse thickening of the MN CSA at the CATL but not at5 cmCATL. Severity of DPN, duration of DM, and glycemic control had no additional effect on the MN CSA.

Nonfatal Child Pedestrian Injury in Two Urban Cities of Guangdong Province,China:Results from a Cross-sectional Survey

Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics of nonfatal child pedestrian injuries and provide information to help understand an important public-health problem.Methods This was a school-based,cross-sectional questionnaire survey.The sample （42 750 children） was obtained from two urban cities of Guangdong Province,China,using multi-stage randomized sampling.Information was collected by the respondents self-reporting in the classroom.Results The incidence rate of nonfatal child pedestrian injuries in the cities was 2.0%.Boys had a higher incidence rate （2.6%） than girls （1.4%）.Compared to other children,those aged 10 years are at the highest risk.The primary places of occurrence were sidewalks,residential roads,and crosswalks.High-risk behavior of the children immediately prior to injury included mid-block crossings,playing on roads,and crossing on red lights.The major vehicles that caused pedestrian injuries were bicycles,car or vans,and motorcycles.Bruises,fractures,and injuries to the internal organs were the top three types of injuries.Almost 40% of victims were hospitalized,and nearly 30% of the victims suffered long-term disabilities.Conclusion This study shows that nonfatal child pedestrian injuries are a very serious public-health problem in the urban cities of Guangdong.Based on the epidemiological characteristics,prevention strategies and further research should be carried out to reduce the occurrence of injuries.

Ultrasonographic measurement of median nerve cross-sectional area reference values in a healthy Han population from Guiyang,China

High-resolution ultrasonography was used to analyze the nerve cross-sectional area （CSA） of the median nerve at 7 sites： the wrist crease, pisiform bone, hamate bone, 6 cm proximal to the tip of the wrist crease, proximal forearm （where the nerve enters the pronator teres muscle）, 4 cm proximal to the tip of the medial epicondyle, and mid-humerus （mid-point between elbow crease and axilla） in 200 healthy volunteers from Guiyang, China. Results showed similar CSA values between the left and right sides, but the CSA 6 cm proximal to the tip of the wrist crease, proximal forearm, 4 cm proximal to tip of the medial epicondyle, and mid-humerus in males was greater than that of females. Moreover, CSA values at the wrist crease, pisiform bone, and hamate bone were greater in the middle-aged and old groups when compared to the young group, and correlated with body mass and height. Thus, reference values of median nerve CSA of the upper limbs can facilitate the analysis of abnormal nerve conditions.

Does the ratio of the carpal tunnel inlet and outlet cross-sectional areas in the median nerve reflect carpal tunnel syndrome severity?

Although ultrasound measurements have been used in previous studies on carpal tunnel syndrome to visualize injury to the median nerve, whether such ultrasound data can indicate the severity of carpal tunnel syndrome remains controversial. The cross-sectional areas of the median nerve at the tunnel inlet and outlet can show swelling and compression of the nerve at the carpal. We hypothesized that the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the median nerve at the carpal tunnel inlet to outlet accurately reflects the severity of carpal tunnel syndrome. To test this, high-resolution ultrasound with a linear array transducer at 5–17 MHz was used to assess 77 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. The results showed that the cut-off point for the inlet-to-outlet ratio was 1.14. Significant differences in the inlet-to-outlet ratio were found among patients with mild, moderate, and severe carpal tunnel syndrome. The cut-off point in the ratio of cross-sectional areas of the median nerve was 1.29 between mild and more severe（moderate and severe） carpal tunnel syndrome patients with 64.7% sensitivity and 72.7% specificity. The cut-off point in the ratio of cross-sectional areas of the median nerve was 1.52 between the moderate and severe carpal tunnel syndrome patients with 80.0% sensitivity and 64.7% specificity. These results suggest that the inlet-to-outlet ratio reflected the severity of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Structural and functional connectivity of the whole brain and subnetworks in individuals with mild traumatic brain injury:predictors of patient prognosis

Patients with mild traumatic brain injury have a diverse clinical presentation,and the underlying pathophysiology remains poorly understood.Magnetic resonance imaging is a non-invasive technique that has been widely utilized to investigate neuro biological markers after mild traumatic brain injury.This approach has emerged as a promising tool for investigating the pathogenesis of mild traumatic brain injury.G raph theory is a quantitative method of analyzing complex networks that has been widely used to study changes in brain structure and function.However,most previous mild traumatic brain injury studies using graph theory have focused on specific populations,with limited exploration of simultaneous abnormalities in structural and functional connectivity.Given that mild traumatic brain injury is the most common type of traumatic brain injury encounte red in clinical practice,further investigation of the patient characteristics and evolution of structural and functional connectivity is critical.In the present study,we explored whether abnormal structural and functional connectivity in the acute phase could serve as indicators of longitudinal changes in imaging data and cognitive function in patients with mild traumatic brain injury.In this longitudinal study,we enrolled 46 patients with mild traumatic brain injury who were assessed within 2 wee ks of injury,as well as 36 healthy controls.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging data were acquired for graph theoretical network analysis.In the acute phase,patients with mild traumatic brain injury demonstrated reduced structural connectivity in the dorsal attention network.More than 3 months of followup data revealed signs of recovery in structural and functional connectivity,as well as cognitive function,in 22 out of the 46 patients.Furthermore,better cognitive function was associated with more efficient networks.Finally,our data indicated that small-worldness in the acute stage could serve as a predictor of longitudinal changes in connectivity in patients with mild traumatic brain injury.These findings highlight the importance of integrating structural and functional connectivity in unde rstanding the occurrence and evolution of mild traumatic brain injury.Additionally,exploratory analysis based on subnetworks could serve a predictive function in the prognosis of patients with mild traumatic brain injury.

Central nervous injury risk factors after endovascular repair of a thoracic aortic aneurysm with type B aortic dissection

Aortic dissection is the deadliest disease of the cardiovascular system.Type B aortic dissection accounts for 30%-60%of aortic dissections and is mainly treated by endovascular repair of thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair(TEVAR).However,patients are prone to various complications after surgery,with central nervous system injury being the most common,which seriously affects their prognosis and increases the risk of disability and death.Therefore,exploring the risk factors of central nervous system injury after TEVAR can provide a basis for its prevention and control.AIM To investigate the risk factors for central nervous system injury after the repair of a thoracic endovascular aneurysm with type B aortic dissection.METHODS We enrolled 306 patients with type B aortic dissection who underwent TEVAR at our hospital between December 2019 and October 2022.The patients were categorized into injury(n=159)and non-injury(n=147)groups based on central nervous system injury following surgery.The risk factors for central nervous system injury after TEVAR for type B aortic dissection were screened by comparing the two groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed.RESULTS The Association between age,history of hypertension,blood pH value,surgery,mechanical ventilation,intensive care unit stay,postoperative recovery times on the first day after surgery,and arterial partial pressure of oxygen on the first day after surgery differed substantially(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that age,surgery time,history of hypertension,duration of mechanical ventilation,and intensive care unit stay were independent risk factors for central nervous system injury after TEVAR of type B aortic dissection(P<0.05).CONCLUSION For high-risk patients with central nervous system injury after TEVAR of type B aortic dissection,early intervention measures should be implemented to lower the risk of neurological discomfort following surgery in high-risk patients with central nervous system injury after TEVAR for type B aortic dissection.

Usefulness of the acromioclavicular joint cross-sectional area as a diagnostic image parameter of acromioclavicular osteoarthritis

BACKGROUND Acromioclavicular joint(ACJ)space narrowing has been considered to be an important diagnostic image parameter of ACJ osteoarthritis(ACJO).However,the morphology of the ACJ space is irregular because of osteophyte formation,subchondral irregularity,capsular distention,sclerosis,and erosion.Therefore,we created the ACJ cross-sectional area(ACJCSA)as a new diagnostic image parameter to assess the irregular morphologic changes of the ACJ.AIM To hypothesize that the ACJCSA is a new diagnostic image parameter for ACJO.METHODS ACJ samples were obtained from 35 patients with ACJO and 30 healthy individuals who underwent shoulder magnetic resonance(S-MR)imaging that revealed no evidence of ACJO.Oblique coronal,T2-weighted,fat-suppressed SMR images were acquired at the ACJ level from the two groups.We measured the ACJCSA and the ACJ space width(ACJSW)at the ACJ on the S-MR images using our imaging analysis program.The ACJCSA was measured as the cross-sectional area of the ACJ.The ACJSW was measured as the narrowest point between the acromion and the clavicle.RESULTS The average ACJCSA was 39.88±10.60 mm;in the normal group and 18.80±5.13 mm;in the ACJO group.The mean ACJSW was 3.51±0.58 mm in the normal group and 2.02±0.48 mm in the ACJO group.ACJO individuals had significantly lower ACJCSA and ACJSW than the healthy individuals.Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses demonstrated that the most suitable ACJCSA cutoff score was 26.14 mm^(2),with 91.4%sensitivity and 90.0%specificity.CONCLUSION The optimal ACJSW cutoff score was 2.37 mm,with 88.6%sensitivity and 96.7%specificity.Even though both the ACJCSA and ACJSW were significantly associated with ACJO,the ACJCSA was a more sensitive diagnostic image parameter.

Correlation between current and cross-sectional area of parallel fixed-movable dual electrodes in ESC

Electroslag casting with parallel fixed-movable dual electrodes is a new method for achieving better quality of castings in complex mold cavities.In this work,a mathematical model,y=kx^2+(k+1)x,was established to describe the ideal correlation between the current ratio(y)and the cross-sectional area ratio(x)of the dual electrodes,where k is the filling ratio.Investigation was conducted on the electroslag casting process with dual electrodes of various cross-sectional areas,but at a constant k value.The experimental results indicated that the ideal correlation was obtained at the stable casting stage,and the fitting results were consistent with the experimental results at certain k values.The experimental findings show that better castings can be obtained when the current ratio is greater than 1.536 and the cross-sectional area ratio is greater than 0.5.

Non-concomitant cortical structural and functional alterations in sensorimotor areas following incomplete spinal cord injury

Brain plasticity, including anatomical changes and functional reorganization, is the physiological basis of functional recovery after spinal cord injury（SCI）. The correlation between brain anatomical changes and functional reorganization after SCI is unclear. This study aimed to explore whether alterations of cortical structure and network function are concomitant in sensorimotor areas after incomplete SCI. Eighteen patients with incomplete SCI（mean age 40.94 ± 14.10 years old; male：female, 7：11） and 18 healthy subjects（37.33 ± 11.79 years old; male：female, 7：11） were studied by resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Gray matter volume（GMV） and functional connectivity were used to evaluate cortical structure and network function, respectively. There was no significant alteration of GMV in sensorimotor areas in patients with incomplete SCI compared with healthy subjects. Intra-hemispheric functional connectivity between left primary somatosensory cortex（BA1） and left primary motor cortex（BA4）, and left BA1 and left somatosensory association cortex（BA5） was decreased, as well as inter-hemispheric functional connectivity between left BA1 and right BA4, left BA1 and right BA5, and left BA4 and right BA5 in patients with SCI. Functional connectivity between both BA4 areas was also decreased. The decreased functional connectivity between the left BA1 and the right BA4 positively correlated with American Spinal Injury Association sensory score in SCI patients. The results indicate that alterations of cortical anatomical structure and network functional connectivity in sensorimotor areas were non-concomitant in patients with incomplete SCI, indicating the network functional changes in sensorimotor areas may not be dependent on anatomic structure. The strength of functional connectivity within sensorimotor areas could serve as a potential imaging biomarker for assessment and prediction of sensory function in patients with incomplete SCI. This trial was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry（registration number： Chi CTR-ROC-17013566）.

Sarcopenia diagnosed using masseter muscle area predictive of early mortality following severe traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injury（TBI）represents a global pandemic and is currently a leading cause of injury related death worldwide.Unfortunately,those who survive initial injury often suffer devastating functional,social,and economic consequences.

Supplementary motor area deactivation impacts the recovery of hand function from severe peripheral nerve injury

Although some patients have successful peripheral nerve regeneration,a poor recovery of hand function often occurs after peripheral nerve injury.It is believed that the capability of brain plasticity is crucial for the recovery of hand function.The supplementary motor area may play a key role in brain remodeling after peripheral nerve injury.In this study,we explored the activation mode of the supplementary motor area during a motor imagery task.We investigated the plasticity of the central nervous system after brachial plexus injury,using the motor imagery task.Results from functional magnetic resonance imaging showed that after brachial plexus injury,the motor imagery task for the affected limbs of the patients triggered no obvious activation of bilateral supplementary motor areas.This result indicates that it is difficult to excite the supplementary motor areas of brachial plexus injury patients during a motor imagery task,thereby impacting brain remodeling.Deactivation of the supplementary motor area is likely to be a serious problem for brachial plexus injury patients in terms of preparing,initiating and executing certain movements,which may be partly responsible for the unsatisfactory clinical recovery of hand function.

生肌玉红膏联合威伐光治疗3期压力性损伤的疗效观察

目的观察生肌玉红膏联合威伐光治疗3期压力性损伤的疗效。方法选取2019年8月至2022年12月期间我院3期压力性损伤患者90例(共计患处105处),按随机数字表法分为生-威组(生肌玉红膏+威伐光照射)30例(35处),生-紫组(生肌玉红膏外敷+紫外线照射)30例(37处)和生肌玉红膏组(生肌玉红膏外敷)30例(33处)。对比观察3组患者压力性损伤伤口面积、24 h渗液量及伤口床组织类型评分。结果治疗前3组患者压力性损伤伤口面积、24 h渗液量及伤口床组织类型评分均无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后3组患者伤口面积评分、24 h渗液量评分、伤口床组织类型评分均低于治疗前,且生-威组低于其他两组,生-紫组低于生肌玉红膏组(P<0.05)。结论生肌玉红膏联合威伐光治疗对3期压力性损伤的改善幅度最大,可有效促进压力性损伤创面的愈合。

不同针灸介入时机对大脑中动脉供血区急性脑梗死神经功能预后的影响

目的观察不同针灸介入时机对大脑中动脉供血区急性脑梗死神经功能预后的影响。方法回顾性选取2020年1月—2022年8月收治的116例大脑中动脉供血区急性脑梗死患者的临床资料进行分析,根据针灸介入时机分为两组。两组均进行静脉溶栓及常规药物治疗,观察组61例患者于发病72 h内给予针灸治疗,对照组55例患者于发病2周时给予针灸治疗。检测两组不同时间点侧支循环代偿情况、脑损伤标志物的水平,评估两组不同时间点简易精神状态检查(Mini-mental state examination,MMSE)评分、神经功能评分、Barthel指数(Barthel index,BI)评分、肢体运动功能评分、中医症状评分的差异,统计两组疗效。结果治疗前,两组侧支循环代偿情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗4周和随访时,两组患侧大脑前动脉平均血流速度与对侧大脑中动脉平均血流速度的比值(Ratio of the average flow ve⁃locity of the affected anterior cerebral artery to the average flow velocity of the contralateral middle cerebral artery,iVACA/cVM⁃CA)较治疗前升高,观察组同时间点较对照组更高(P<0.05);两组患侧大脑后动脉平均血流速度与对侧大脑中动脉平均血流速度的比值(Ratio of the average flow velocity of the affected posterior cerebral artery to the average flow velocity of the contralateral middle cerebral artery,iVPCA/cVMCA)与治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗前,两组脑损伤标志物比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗4周和随访时,两组脑源性神经营养因子(Brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)较治疗前升高,观察组同时间点较对照组更高(P<0.05);两组钙结合蛋白β(Calcium binding proteinβ,S100β)、神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白(Glial fibrillary acid protein,GFAP)较治疗前下降,观察组同时间点较对照组更低(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组Fugl-Meyer评分、中医症状评分等相关评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗4周和随访时,两组MMSE评分、BI评分及上肢和下肢Fugl-Meyer评分较治疗前升高,观察组同时间点较对照组更高(P<0.05);两组美国国立卫生院神经功能缺损(National institutes of health stroke scale,NIHSS)评分、中医症状评分较治疗前下降,观察组同时间点较对照组更低(P<0.05)。观察组总有效率为88.52%(54/61)高于对照组的72.73%(40/55),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论发病72h内采用针灸治疗可改善大脑中动脉供血区急性脑梗死脑损伤标志物的表达,改善脑血流,促进神经功能的恢复,有利于疾病的康复。

基于高分辨格点数据东北水稻延迟型冷害风险评估及保险费率厘定

利用5km×5km空间分辨率3h时间分辨率的气象格点数据集,研究东北地区水稻延迟型冷害风险及其保险费率的厘定。基于东北地区1981-2010年5-9月平均温度的格点数据集和99个气象站的站点观测数据,以相关系数和均方根误差评价格点气象数据在东北地区的可用性。以日平均气温稳定通过10℃和18℃的日数作为获取水稻气候安全种植区域的指标,在水稻气候安全种植范围内,分析东北地区水稻延迟型冷害的空间分布特征,确定保险费率。结果表明,东北地区1981-2010年5-9月平均温度气象站点观测数据与格点数据的相关系数高,均方根误差小,表明格点数据在东北地区可用。水稻气候安全种植区域占东北的56.5%,主要分布在辽宁省、吉林省中西部、黑龙江省西南部和东北部、蒙东西部及东部与辽宁和吉林省接壤的区域。在水稻气候安全种植区内,水稻延迟型冷害发生频率呈南低北高,中间低东西高的分布特征,且重度延迟型冷害发生频率最高。低温冷害风险指数空间分布与之相似,内蒙古西部和东北部、黑龙江北部和吉林西部局部地区是风险指数的高值区。东北地区1981-2010年水稻延迟型冷害的天气指数保险费率在空间分布上与东北地区低温冷害风险指数的空间分布相似,呈南部低,北部高,中间低,东西高的特征,整个区域的保险费率在0.010~0.094,可为保险公司制定具体费率提供参考。

腕管区高压电损伤与组织缺损的修复

目的探讨腕管区高压电损伤与组织缺损修复治疗的方法与效果。方法对2011年1月-2021年1月收治的11例腕管区高压电损伤与组织缺损患者的临床资料进行分析。结果11例均保肢成功,避免截肢,术后皮瓣外形及质地良好,随访12~18个月,手掌和手指恢复了触痛觉,手内在肌功能无恢复。伤肢具有屈指、屈腕和持物功能。结论根据腕管区高压电损伤病情,早期切开减张、清创、血管桥接、血运丰富的组织瓣移植、肌腱神经修复是修复腕管区高压电损伤、避免截肢、重建手功能的较佳方法。

去骨瓣减压联合着力部位硬膜外血肿清除治疗对冲性重症颅脑损伤的效果观察

目的:观察去骨瓣减压联合着力部位硬膜外血肿清除治疗对冲性重症颅脑损伤的临床效果。方法:选取福建省福清市医院2020年1月—2023年2月收治的216例对冲性重症颅脑损伤患者,按照随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,各108例。对照组采用去骨瓣减压联合常规开颅血肿清除治疗,研究组采用去骨瓣减压联合着力部位硬膜外血肿清除治疗。对比两组临床症状、预后、意识状态、术后并发症、创伤应激反应。结果:研究组预后良好率和术后7 d格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)评分均高于对照组,术后7 d对侧血肿厚度及中线移位均小于对照组,术后7 d颅内压、术后并发症发生率及术后7 d肾上腺素(E)、β-内啡肽(β-EP)、皮质醇(Cor)水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:去骨瓣减压联合着力部位硬膜外血肿清除治疗对冲性重症颅脑损伤效果显著,不仅能够清除患者脑血肿,降低颅内压,减轻中线移位和创伤应激,还可改善患者意识状态,减少术后并发症发生,改善预后。

Modeling Blood Flow in Veins of Uniform Properties (Giraffe Jugular Vein)

This paper models the giraffe’s jugular veins as a uniform collapsible tube from a rigid skull. The equations governing one-dimensional steady flow through such a tube for various conditions have been developed. The effects of inertial and inclination angles that have not been discussed previously have been included. It has been shown that different flows for a uniform tube (vein) are possible. However, this flow matches that of a jugular vein which is supercritical, and the steady solution has been given by the balance between the driving forces of gravity and the viscous resistance to the flow at the right atrium of the heart must be sub-critical for a fixed right-atrium pressure which means that an elastic jump is required to return the flow to sub-critical from the supercritical flow upstream this type of relationship gives rise to flow limitation at the same time given any right atrium fixed pressure there exists a maximum flow rate which when exceeded the boundary conditions of the flow do not hold boundary conditions at the right atrium are not satisfied hence making the steady flow impossible this mechanism of flow limitation is slightly different from the other one in that causes airways through forced expiration from the observation made it is clearly shown that there is an intravascular pressure difference with a change in height.

RSR13对高原大鼠肺冲击伤的保护作用及机制研究

目的探究血红蛋白变构剂乙丙昔罗[efaproxiral(RSR13)]对高原地区爆炸冲击波致大鼠肺损伤的影响及其作用机制。方法8周龄SD健康雄性大鼠,共82只,按照随机数字表法分为冲击伤组和RSR13+冲击伤组,RSR13+冲击伤组大鼠在接受冲击前2 h腹腔注射RSR13(150 mg/kg):其中60只大鼠放置在距爆源同侧5 m处,为5 m冲击伤组(n=30)、5 m RSR13+冲击伤组(n=30);16只大鼠放置在距爆源同侧6 m处,6 m冲击伤组(n=8)、6 m RSR13+冲击伤组(n=8),余下6只大鼠为对照组(n=6)。观察距爆源5 m处各组大鼠24 h内生存情况。对距爆源6 m处存活24 h大鼠,采用HE染色与肺损伤病理评分比较各组大鼠肺组织损伤情况,测定大鼠动脉血气;采用比色法检测肺组织谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)水平;通过蛋白免疫印迹法检测肺组织中剪切胱天蛋白酶-3(cleaved caspase-3)、闭合蛋白(occludin)的表达水平。结果RSR13预处理可增加高原环境下距爆源5 m处爆炸后即刻存活率[46.7%(冲击伤组)vs 93.3%(RSR13+冲击伤组),P<0.01]和爆炸后1 h存活率[46.7%(冲击伤组)vs 86.7%(RSR13+冲击伤组),P<0.01]。RSR13可降低高原环境下距爆源6 m处大鼠肺损伤病理评分[(13.70±0.78)(冲击伤组)vs(8.27±0.93)(RSR13+冲击伤组),P<0.01]。RSR13对高原环境下肺冲击伤大鼠动脉血气无明显影响(P>0.05),RSR13可增加高原距爆源6 m处大鼠肺组织GSH含量[(22.62±10.88)(冲击伤组)vs(40.27±12.47)(RSR13+冲击伤组)μg/g,P<0.05)、但对MDA含量与SOD活性无明显影响(P>0.05),降低肺组织cleaved caspase-3表达量(P<0.01)、增加occludin表达量(P<0.05)。结论RSR13对高原爆炸冲击波所致大鼠肺损伤具有显著的保护作用,这可能与其增加组织抗氧化能力,减少细胞凋亡和降低肺通气屏障通透性有关。

带光源医用吸引器+扩张套管在高血压脑出血患者中的应用

目的探讨带光源医用吸引器+扩张套管在脑出血患者术中应用,对其脑脊液中细胞因子的影响。方法选择陕西省核工业二一五医院神经外科,于2019年1月至2024年1月收治有手术指征的基底节区高血压脑出血患者107例,随机分为治疗组与对照组,两组均进行常规去骨瓣减压血肿清除手术,治疗组:使用带光源医用吸引器+专用扩张套管,在管腔内操作清除血肿。对照组:采用脑压板牵开脑组织,无影灯照明下清除血肿,观察对比两组的血肿清除率、手术时间、住院时间、GOS评分、脑脊液IL-1β、TNF-α水平及患者日常生活活动能力评分(ADL)。结果治疗组与对照组,血肿清除率基本相同,前者比后者手术时间缩短43.88 min,住院时间缩短13.26 d,前者脑脊液中IL-1β、TNF-α含量明显低于后者,患者日常生活活动能力评分(ADL)高于后者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论带光源医用吸引器+扩张套管,可以在良好的照明下清除血肿,减少脑组织牵拉,防止医源性损伤发生,减少患者脑脊液中IL-1β、TNF-α因子含量,减少术中及术后继发性神经损害的发生,改善患者预后。

特高海拔地区某部官兵训练伤调查与分析

目的调查特高海拔地区某部官兵训练伤发生情况,分析其危险因素,提出防治策略,为驻高原部队卫勤保障工作提供参考。方法2022年9月,采用实地走访、整群随机抽样方法结合流行病学问卷调查的方式,对西藏自治区海拔5000 m地区某部驻地官兵训练伤情况进行调查统计,分析结果并提出相应防治措施。结果收回调查问卷共41份,结果显示训练伤发生率为31.71%,受伤最常见类型是皮肤损伤,占46.15%。危险因素分析显示,身高和心理状况评分在发生高原训练伤和未发生训练伤的受训者间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论特高海拔地区官兵的训练伤主要表现为皮肤损伤、肌腱及关节损伤等,这些病情与该地区特有的低温低压和强紫外线辐射的气候条件密切相关。严格遵循高原地区的科学训练原则,合理安排训练计划,加强健康教育和心理辅导,提升官兵的健康意识和自我保护能力,以及完善训练保障措施,确保官兵在训练中得到充分的保护和支持,对于减少训练伤发生和提高部队的整体战斗力具有实际意义。