Deformation Calculation of Cross-section Based on Virtual Force in Thin-walled Tube Bending Process

Cross-section deformation is one of important factors affecting the quality of tube formation, and the tube＇s capability of transporting liquid and gas will be reduced because of the cross-section ellipse deformation due to the effect of shear load in plastic bending process. When the tube is bent, the extrados-wall bears the tension stress and the intrados-wall bears the compression stress, synchronously the cross-section is affected by the circumferential stress. According to the above, the distribution function and curve of tangential stress can be obtained according to force balance differential equations on circumferential direction and Trasca rule. Subsequently the real state and virtual state moment equations were established, a new method was presented adopting the virtual principle of deformation system to calculate the x-axis and y-axis displacement of arbitrary point on cross-section. So the major and minor axes of deformed cross-section can be calculated according to the displacements of each point, and the variety value of major and minor axes will be obtained further. Finally the theoretical calculating result is compared with NC tube rotary-bending experiment results to verify the rationality of theoretical analysis, and the cross-section deformation rule of thin-walled tube can be received.

Deformation coordination analysis of CC-RCC combined dam structures under dynamic loads

A combined dam structure using different concrete materials offers many practical benefits.There are several real-world cases where largevolume heterogeneous concrete materials have been used together.From the engineering design standpoint,it is crucial to understand the deformation coordination characteristics and mechanical properties of large-volume heterogeneous concrete,which affect dam safety and stability.In this study,a large dam facility was selected for a case study,and various design schemes of the combined dam structure were developed by changing the configurations of material zoning and material types for a given dam shape.Elastoplastic analysis of the damfoundation-reservoir system for six schemes was carried out under dynamic conditions,in which the concrete damaged plasticity(CDP)model,the Lagrangian finite element formulation,and a surface-to-surface contact model were utilized.To evaluate the mechanical properties of zoning interfaces and coordination characteristics,the vertical distribution of the first principal stress at the longitudinal joint was used as the critical index of deformation coordination control,and the overall deformation and damage characteristics of the dam were also investigated.Through a comparative study of the design schemes,an optimal scheme of the combined dam structure was identified:large-volume roller-compacted concrete(RCC)is recommended for the dam body upstream of the longitudinal joint,and high-volume fly ash conventional concrete(CC)for the dam body downstream of the longitudinal joint.This study provides engineers with a reference basis for combined dam structure design.

Nonlinear formulation for flexible multibody system with large deformation

In this paper, nonlinear modeling for flexible multibody system with large deformation is investigated. Absolute nodal coordinates are employed to describe the displacement, and variational motion equations of a flexible body are derived on the basis of the geometric nonlinear theory, in which both the shear strain and the transverse normal strain are taken into account. By separating the inner and the boundary nodal coordinates, the motion equations of a flexible multibody system are assembled. The advantage of such formulation is that the constraint equations and the forward recursive equations become linear because the absolute nodal coordinates are used. A spatial double pendulum connected to the ground with a spherical joint is simulated to investigate the dynamic performance of flexible beams with large deformation. Finally, the resultant constant total energy validates the present formulation.

Geometric Nonlinear Formulation for a Rectangular Plate with Large Deformation

Absolute nodal coordinate formulation for a rectangular plate with large deformation was improved. Based on nonlinear elastic theory, a precise strain expression is used to derive the equations of motion. Both shear strain and transverse normal strain are taken into account. Different from the previous absolute nodal coordinate formulation, the absolute nodal coordinates, which describe the displacement and slope of the element nodes, are separated into three parts: the absolute nodal coordinates in X, Y and Z directions, respectively, so that the dimension of the mass, stiffness and force matrices is reduced. Furthermore, by using constant matrices, which can be calculated and saved before simulation, the nonlinear stiffness matrices can be calculated by matrix multiplication for each time step, so that the computational efficiency can be improved. Finally, simulation example of a rectangular plate with large deformation was used to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the present formulation.

Surrounding rock deformation analysis of underground caverns with multi-body finite element method

Discontinuous deformation problems are common in rock engineering. Numerical analysis methods based on system models of the discrete body can better solve these problems. One of the most effective solutions is discontinuous deformation analysis （DDA） method, but the DDA method brings about rock embedding problems when it uses the strain assumption in elastic deformation and adopts virtual springs to simulate the contact problems. The multi-body finite element method （FEM） proposed in this paper can solve the problems of contact and deformation of blocks very well because it integrates the FEM and multi-body system dynamics theory. It is therefore a complete method for solving discontinuous deformation problems through balance equations of the contact surface and for simulating the displacement of whole blocks. In this study, this method was successfully used for deformation analysis of underground caverns in stratified rock. The simulation results indicate that the multi-body FEM can show contact forces and the stress states on contact surfaces better than DDA, and that the results calculated with the multi-body FEM are more consistent with engineering practice than those calculated with DDA method.

Deforming analysis of sheet metal based on stereo vision and coordinate grid

A new approach based on stereo vision technology is introduced to analyzesheet metal deformation. By measuring the deformed circle grids that are printed on the sheetsurface before forming, the strain distribution of the workpiece is obtained. The measurement andanalysis results can be used to verify numerical simulation results and guide production. To getgood accuracy, some new techniques are employed: camera calibration based on genetic algorithm,feature abstraction based on self-adaptive technology, image matching based on structure feature andcamera modeling pre-constrains, and parameter calculation based on curve and surface optimization.The experimental values show that the approach proposed is rational and practical, which can providebetter measurement accuracy with less time than the conventional method.

Research of Elastic and Elastic-Plastic Deformation on Bending Problems of Variable Stiffness Beams

A novel variable stiffness model was proposed for analyzing elastic-plastic bending problems with arbitrary variable stiffness in detail.First,it was assumed that the material of a rectangular beam is an ideal isotropic elastic-plastic material,whose elastic modulus,yield strength,and section height are functions of the axial coordinates of the beam respectively.Considering the effect of shear on the deformation of the beam,the elastic and elastic-plastic bending problems of the axially variable stiffness beam were studied.Then,the analytical solutions of the elastic and elastic-plastic deformation of the beam were derived when the cross-section height and the elastic modulus of the material were varied by special function along the length of the beam respectively.The elastic and elastic-plastic analysis of the variable stiffness beam was carried out using Differential Quadrature Method(DQM)when the bending stiffness varied arbitrarily.The influence of the axial variation of the bending stiffness on the elastic and elastic-plastic deformation of the beam was analyzed by numerical simulation,DQM,and finite element method(FEM).Simulation results verified the practicability of the proposed mechanical model,and the comparison between the results of the solutions of DQM and FEM showed that DQM is accurate and effective in elastic and elastic-plastic analysis of variable stiffness beams.

基于微处理器和多通信方式的大坝变形智能监测仪器的设计与实现

变形监测作为大坝安全状态感知的重要手段,具有测值直观、能全面反映大坝安全状态等特点,对保障大坝长期安全稳定运行具有重要的意义。目前大坝水平位移自动化监测主要使用引张线法、真空激光准直法及垂线法。尽管CCD垂线坐标仪已在大坝工程实践中广泛应用,可该仪器存在不支持现场配置、现场实时数据读取等不足,且无直接远程交互功能,需要接入其他采集装置或转接设备才能进行远程通信。本文设计的智能式CCD垂线坐标仪运用微处理器及以太网接口,不需要接入其他采集设备,可直接接入软件系统,解决了仪器集成复杂、传统通信方式不稳定等问题;并运用蓝牙通信和智能手机APP,解决了现场参数配置、实时采集显示的问题;提出了一种反馈式自适应调光技术,提高了仪器的自适应性和稳定性。

砂土压缩变形传感光缆耦合试验分析与预测模型研究

灾害监测、预测是地质与岩土工程领域一项极为重要的任务。分布式光纤传感技术凭借其连续、实时、抗干扰、稳定性好等优点在长距离、长周期、高隐蔽性、强突发性的灾害监测中发挥了显著的作用。然而,针对不同工程问题,评价与解决传感光缆与被测岩土体协调变形问题,是精细化分析岩土体变形分布与研究演化规律的关键所在。利用自主研制的三维主动变形可控围压光缆-砂土耦合试验装置,探究了0~4.0MPa围压条件下金属基索传感光缆与粗砂介质压缩变形的协调性问题。试验结果表明:低围压条件下金属基索传感光缆与砂土压缩变形协调性较差,变形表现为非线性变化特征;随着围压增大,传感光缆与砂土耦合效果提高,变形呈现线性变化特征,当围压达到1.6MPa后,两者协调变形一致性明显提高,其形变由非线性向线性转变。基于上述变形特性,提出了一种围压曲面投影数值模型,采用非扭结边界条件的样条插值算法对非试验数据实际位移进行预测,结果表明该模型具有较好的可靠性。试验研究认为金属基索光缆用于高围压条件下砂土变形测试具有更高的准确性,研究内容可以为分布式光纤传感测试技术用于深部地层变形监测提供科学的参考依据。

考虑衬砌截面协调变形约束的既有隧道受盾构下穿施工影响的Fourier能量变分解

目前关于新建盾构开挖诱发既有地铁隧道变形的理论研究,大多将既有隧道简化为不含接头的Euler-Bernoulli梁,而忽视了衬砌截面的剪切变形与管片接头的局部刚度削弱。此外,既有地基模型理论较少考虑衬砌管片与接触土体的协调变形约束。首先,采用Loganathan-Polous公式计算盾构开挖诱发的土体自由位移场,并将既有隧道视为考虑剪切变形的Timoshenko梁,基于沿轴线变化的抗弯与剪切刚度函数来描述管片接头的局部削弱作用;然后,结合能量变分原理与连续弹性体Mindlin解,建立考虑衬砌截面协同变形约束的隧道位移控制方程,将盾构开挖诱发的附加荷载施加于既有隧道,并使用Fourier级数方法求解既有隧道纵向变形;最后,将Fourier能量变分解与3组工程实测数据进行对比验证,取得了较好的一致性。此外,考虑隧道抗弯刚度、剪切刚度、接头刚度削弱作用、土体参数与隧道空间位置等因素的共同影响,使用抗弯系数、剪切系数及接头系数进行敏感性分析。结果表明,考虑截面变形协调约束的理论解更为符合实际,不考虑变形协调约束所得隧道位移结果偏大;衬砌接头局部刚度的削弱作用将造成隧道弯矩沿轴线在接头处发生明显锯齿状突变;抗弯系数与剪切系数的增长均导致隧道结构所受弯矩降低;剪切系数由低到高的增长将导致隧道变形模式发生“弯曲控制-弯剪混合-剪切控制”三阶段变化;隧道变形模式进入“剪切控制”阶段的过程中,抗弯刚度的变化对隧道内力影响逐渐降低;接头系数的增长将造成隧道所受弯矩降低,但隧道抗弯刚度较大时其影响逐渐减弱。

非挤土桩对于砂土地层地震液化的影响机制研究

如何通过工程措施实现地基抗液化能力的有效提升,是岩土工程领域近年来研究的热点问题之一。非挤土桩作为地基处理的常用措施,其加固后地层的抗液化能力能否得到提升,在学术界还存在着一定争议,主要原因是其对于砂层地震液化的影响机制尚未明确。针对该问题,本文开展了干砂及饱和砂土原状场地与非挤土桩加固场地的超重力模型试验,通过对比不同试验中地层的动力响应与超静孔隙水压力的发生发展规律,首次发现非挤土桩对于地层的作用机制并非仅有“刚度效应”,还有因振动过程中桩-土变形不协调而产生的附加作用力,该作用力将显著提升浅层土体的应力及应变水平,加大其液化的可能性,且随着埋深增加,该附加作用力逐渐变小,“刚度效应”将逐渐占据主导地位,相关研究成果可为进一步揭示非挤土桩抗震加固机理、评估其加固效果提供一定的基础和支撑。

公铁两用大跨度斜拉桥-无砟轨道体系变形适应性研究

高速铁路大跨度斜拉桥结构变形受其复杂服役环境影响显著,而无砟轨道对工后变形的调整能力有限,因此大跨度斜拉桥的复杂变形条件将直接影响其上无砟轨道结构的适应性。以沪渝蓉高铁长江北支公铁两用大跨度斜拉桥应用无砟轨道为工程背景,建立无砟轨道-大跨度斜拉桥一体化精细空间有限元模型,分析铁路、公路以及温度等多种荷载联合作用下大跨度斜拉桥-无砟轨道体系平顺性、无缝线路稳定性和无砟轨道层间变形协调性,从而对大跨度公铁两用钢桁梁斜拉桥-无砟轨道体系变形适应性开展深入研究。结果表明:在运营荷载及温度荷载最不利组合作用下,大跨度斜拉桥主梁线形平顺,变形平缓,桥梁整体刚度较好,桥上无砟轨道几何形位可以满足静态验收标准;大跨度斜拉桥上无缝线路的强度和稳定性满足要求,扣件工作性能良好,钢轨伸缩调节器的设置可有效释放梁端钢轨的纵向应力;无砟轨道层间设置橡胶隔离层且不跨主梁桁架节间的布置方式可提高大跨度斜拉桥上无砟轨道的变形协调性能,使得桥上无砟轨道层间始终处于受压状态,达到“隔而不离”的桥上轨道层间理想服役状态;大跨度公铁两用钢桁梁斜拉桥-无砟轨道体系变形适应性良好。本文研究成果可为公铁两用大跨度钢桁梁斜拉桥上无砟轨道的应用提供技术参考。

热压制备Ni/Al微叠层复合板的协调变形行为和气压胀形成形性

为了制造NiAl合金复杂薄壁构件,采用真空热压法制备一种新型Ni/Al微叠层复合板(NAMCS)。基于不同温度的单向拉伸试验,研究Ni/Al微叠层复合板的力学性能。为了阐明Ni/Al微叠层复合板的单向拉伸协调变形机制,通过扫描电子显微镜对不同拉伸应变下的变形组织进行表征。结果表明,在5%应变、室温和300℃条件下,NiAl_(3)层和Ni_(2)Al_(3)层中形成了一些裂纹。在600℃和20%应变条件下,在NiAl3层观察到一些微孔。样品在78.7%的拉伸应变断裂时,Ni_(2)Al_(3)层也未出现裂纹,表现出良好的协调变形能力。Ni/Al微叠层复合板的高温自由气压胀形试验表明,600℃时其极限胀形比(极限胀形高度与凹模直径之比)达到33.3%,表现出良好的成形性。

移动感应加热异温轧制钛/铝复合板的协调变形和力学性能

提出了一种移动感应加热异温轧制制备钛/铝复合板的方法,应用电磁感应单独加热移动的钛板,与室温铝板轧制复合,实现钛和铝的协调变形,提高了复合板的结合强度。采用ANSYS有限元软件模拟移动感应加热过程中钛板的温度变化过程,确保在轧辊入口位置时,钛板沿宽度方向温度分布均匀。基于有限元模拟结果确定钛板移动速度和感应加热参数,并进行了移动感应加热和轧制复合实验,研究了不同压下率对于钛/铝复合板协调变形和结合强度的影响。结果表明:随着压下率的增加,钛/铝变形率差值先减小后增大,当轧制压下率为39.4%时,钛/铝轧制变形率基本一致,轧后复合板平直,界面剪切强度最高,达到124.6 MPa,剪切断裂发生在铝基体上。

新型竖缝互锁灌孔复合砌块墙体抗压及抗震性能试验研究

新型竖缝互锁灌孔复合砌块墙体是一种绿色、环保且低碳的新型砌体结构,为研究其抗压性能与抗震性能,分别对墙体进行轴压试验与拟静力试验,分析灌孔方式与构造柱类型对该墙体抗压承载力、荷载分配与变形协调等方面的影响,以及不同构造柱类型对墙体抗震性能的影响。结果表明,随着现浇构造柱与复合砌体部分强度差的减小,墙体整体变形协调能力有所提升;提出了适用于设置构造柱的新型墙体的抗压承载力计算公式,计算值与试验值吻合度较好;芯柱构造柱对墙体延性的提升效率高于现浇构造柱墙体,而现浇构造柱墙体的抗震承载力、极限位移等指标优于芯柱构造柱墙体。研发绿色、环保、低碳的新型砌体结构是助力国家乡村振兴战略和改善村镇建筑抗灾能力的有效途径,该新型墙体结构为新疆地区村镇建筑提供了一种新的选择。

基于CGCS2000的2000天津城市坐标系建立

天津市上一代城市坐标系为1990年天津市任意直角坐标系,该坐标系精度较差,已无法满足天津城市建设发展需求,因此天津市亟须建立新一代城市坐标系。本文结合天津市地理特点,确定了坐标系建立过程中的投影方式及中央子午线的选取原则,经试算,最终确定了坐标系参数,建成天津市新一代城市坐标系——2000天津城市坐标系。

自动检测设备高温下测试坐标修正方法

硅晶圆半导体芯片在进行晶圆级电性能测量时,往往需要模拟芯片实际工作时的工作环境,如温度、湿度、气压。在自动探针台上进行高温环境模拟测试时,由于高温会导致测针、晶圆片和承片卡盘产生一定程度的形变,从而使得芯片上测试Pad位置坐标发生偏移,这种情况下,测试系统需要对形变后的测试点坐标进行修正。提出了一种基于机器视觉自动图形识别的在线修正测试点坐标偏移方法,用以解决自动探针台在高温环境下进行电性能测试时的测试坐标修正难题。

空间任意汇交杆系的变形协调几何方程组及其组合学释义

将平面汇交杆系的变形协调问题拓展到空间任意汇交杆系的情形,运用微分解析法,通过对空间任意4根汇交杆的求解,直观地得到了空间任意n根汇交杆系变形协调几何方程组的一般形式,解决了空间汇交杆系的超静定问题。结论中所有下标的顺序符合组合学中字典序数排列,因此可以用计算机编程去求解超静定空间汇交杆系的变形协调方程。

基于有限元分析的塑性混凝土本构模型对比研究

塑性混凝土力学性能介于混凝土与土体之间,其本构模型选择尚无统一标准。本文采用有限元方法,结合实例工程,分别采用塑性损伤和硬化土两种本构模型对塑性混凝土进行模拟,系统对比分析两种本构模型的计算差异性。结果表明,两种本构模型的计算结果规律基本一致,塑性损伤本构模型表达式简单,计算结果偏保守、安全,而硬化土体本构模型计算结果准确度更高,但模型参数测定较为复杂,后续可基于硬化土本构模型对塑性混凝土本构模型进行改进。

超大空间温度变化对飞机装配协调精度的影响规律

飞机大型构件一般由多材料、多尺寸零/组件按照一定工艺装配而成,大尺寸装配空间场内的温度变化会引起零/组件在装配过程中产生较大且不一致的热变形,进而影响飞机产品装配协调精度。基于百万立方米全域作业空间内的飞机大型复材构件的高精度装配需求,研究了温度变化对工装及产品在不同材料组合方式的热变形影响。以5米级飞机典型复材翼盒构件装配为分析对象,结果表明当温度变化5℃时,影响装配协调精度偏差为0.1~0.2 mm。因此,在装配工艺设计过程中,需要考虑±5℃的温度变化对产品装配热变形的误差补偿,对提高飞机装配协调精度具有重要意义。