Exercise, Depression, and Anxiety in Young People: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Background:Depression and anxiety are highly prevalent among adolescents and have multiple negative effects on their physical and mental health.While exercise can reduce the symptoms of depression and anxiety,the rela-tionship between mental disorders among American university students has been rarely reported.Accordingly,this study aimed to explore the association between exercise,depression and anxiety among American university students in the 2018–2019 academic year.Methods:In this cross-sectional study,the association between exercise,depression and anxiety was investigated in a large representative sample of American university students.In the 2018–2019 academic year,university students aged 18+years old from 79 institutions participated in this school-based study.The questionnaire included measurements of demographic characteristics,exercise,and validated screen instructions for depression(PHQ-9)and anxiety(GAD-7).The multivariable logistic regression model was applied to explore the association between exercise,depression and anxiety.Results:A total of 62026 indivi-duals(31.9%males)participated in this survey,and the prevalence of exercising at least 5 h each day was 24.6%.The prevalence of depression and anxiety was 25.7%and 22.3%,respectively.In the multivariable logistic regres-sion model,compared to exercise at least 5 h daily,participants whose exercise less than 1 h daily(OR=1.31[1.29,1.33],p<0.05),2 to 3 h daily(OR=1.13[1.11,1.15],p<0.05),3 to 4 h daily(OR=1.04[1.02,1.06],p<0.05),were correlated with greater odds of depression,while exercise less than 1 h daily(OR=1.23[1.21,1.25],p<0.05),2 to 3 h daily(OR=1.10[1.08,1.12],p<0.05)were significantly correlated with great-er odds of anxiety.Conclusion:Higher levels of exercise are associated with lower risk of depression and anxiety among American university students.Community and school interventions should focus on increasing exercise participation in university populations to promote both physical and mental health.

Perceived barriers and facilitators of day-case surgery for major foot and ankle procedures?A cross-sectional survey of United Kingdom surgeons

BACKGROUND Advances in minimally invasive surgery and improved post-operative pain management make it possible to consider performing even major foot/ankle operations as day-case.This could have significant benefits for patients and the health service.However there are theoretical concerns about post-operative complications and patient satisfaction due to pain.AIM To scope the current practice of foot and ankle surgeons on day-case surgery for major foot and ankle procedures in the United Kingdom(UK).METHODS An online survey(19 questions)was sent to UK foot and ankle surgeons via the British Orthopaedic Foot&Ankle Society membership list in August 2021.Major foot and ankle procedures were defined as surgery that is usually performed as an inpatient in majority of centres and day-case as same day discharge,with day surgery as the intended treatment pathway.RESULTS 132 people responded to the survey invitation with 80%working in Acute NHS Trusts.Currently 45%of respondents perform less than 100 day-case surgeries per year for these procedures.78%felt that there was scope to perform more procedures as day-case at their centre.Post-operative pain(34%)and patient satisfaction(10%)was not highly measured within their centres.Lack of adequate physiotherapy input pre/post-operatively(23%)and lack of out of hours support(21%)were the top perceived barriers to performing more major foot and ankle procedures as day-case.CONCLUSION There is consensus among UK surgeons to do more major foot/ankle procedures as day-case.Out of hours support and physiotherapy input pre/post-op were perceived as the main barriers.Despite theoretical concerns about post-operative pain and satisfaction this was only measured by a third of those surveyed.There is a need for nationally agreed protocols to optimise the delivery of and measurement of outcomes in this type of surgery.At a local level,the provision of physiotherapy and out of hours support should be explored at sites where this is a perceived barrier.

A Cross-sectional Survey Assessing Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in a Healthy Population in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China

The carriage rate and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae（S.pneumoniae）in a healthy population in China remains unclear.In this study,we collected the oropharyngeal swabs from513 individuals in Xinjiang,China.Real-time PCR targeting the lytA gene and 12 serotypes were assessed to identify S.pneumoniae carriage.

Nurses' perception of risk factors for infusion phlebitis:A cross-sectional survey

Objective： The aim of the present study was to investigate Chinese nurses＇ perception of risk factors for phlebitis. Methods： A convenience sample of hospital nurses was recruited in Beijing, China. Data were collected using a demographic information questionnaire and a questionnaire measuring nurses＇ perception of risk factors for infusion phlebitis. Results： It was found that knowledge of risk factors for infusion phlebitis was incomplete, even among experienced nurses in the study participants. A high rate of incorrect answers to questions about the [oH of fluid （89.9%）, gauze or polyurethane catheter dressings （79.1%）, and steel needles for drug infusion （76.3%） was observed. Conclusions： These findings suggest that nurses should be trained about the risk factors for infusion phlebitis.

Awareness of and attitudes towards infertility and its treatment： a cross-sectional survey of men in a United States primary care population

Previous studies have described racial and socioeconomic disparities in the treatment of infertility. Patient factors such as attitudes and awareness may be contributing factors. Since primary care is often the setting that serves as an entry into other areas of medicine, we sought to evaluate men＇s attitudes and awareness of male infertility in the primary care setting. To do this, we performed a cross-sectional survey of men＇s attitudes toward men＇s health issues in 210 men from two primary care clinic waiting rooms in Atlanta, Georgia. The survey was self-administered with closed-ended question items and was approximately 20 min in length. Of the 310 men approached, 210 agreed to participate and returned completed surveys. Overall, 52% of men said they were ＂very＂ or ＂somewhat＂ familiar with infertility and 25% were familiar with treatments for infertility. Some men had heard of surgery （21%） and medication （35%） as treatments for male infertility. Awareness and familiarity with the condition was greater in high socioeconomic status men （i.e. college graduates or those with income 〉$100 k per year） but did not differ by race on multivariate analysis. Attitudes toward infertility varied by race with non-Caucasian men being more likely to indicate that infertility is a serious condition, to be concerned about infertility, and to believe it decreases a man＇s quality-of-life. Therefore, a lack of awareness, but not negative attitudes, may contribute to previously-described disparities in the treatment of infertility.

Nonfatal Child Pedestrian Injury in Two Urban Cities of Guangdong Province,China:Results from a Cross-sectional Survey

Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics of nonfatal child pedestrian injuries and provide information to help understand an important public-health problem.Methods This was a school-based,cross-sectional questionnaire survey.The sample （42 750 children） was obtained from two urban cities of Guangdong Province,China,using multi-stage randomized sampling.Information was collected by the respondents self-reporting in the classroom.Results The incidence rate of nonfatal child pedestrian injuries in the cities was 2.0%.Boys had a higher incidence rate （2.6%） than girls （1.4%）.Compared to other children,those aged 10 years are at the highest risk.The primary places of occurrence were sidewalks,residential roads,and crosswalks.High-risk behavior of the children immediately prior to injury included mid-block crossings,playing on roads,and crossing on red lights.The major vehicles that caused pedestrian injuries were bicycles,car or vans,and motorcycles.Bruises,fractures,and injuries to the internal organs were the top three types of injuries.Almost 40% of victims were hospitalized,and nearly 30% of the victims suffered long-term disabilities.Conclusion This study shows that nonfatal child pedestrian injuries are a very serious public-health problem in the urban cities of Guangdong.Based on the epidemiological characteristics,prevention strategies and further research should be carried out to reduce the occurrence of injuries.

Alcohol drinking rates of male between 7th and 11th graders in Japan decreased gradually based on nationwide repeated cross-sectional surveys from 1996 to 2008

Early drinking is considered to result in making tolerant of alcohol consumption and a higher prevalence of alcohol related disorders in the later. We focused generational impacts on drinking rate among high school students based on multiple nationwide data. The surveys were nationwide, cross-sectional random sampling surveys given every 4 years from the Japanese Youth Tobacco and Alcohol Surveys, 1996 to 2008. Participants were male 53,925 high school students from 7th grade to 11th grade. We divided to the three follow-up groups every 4 years from 1996 to 2004 for male junior high school students in 7th grades and the end periods were 4 years later in 11th grades. Outcome measures in this study were life time drinking, current drinking within 30 days and weekly drinking. All drinking rates decreased each at 7th and at 11th grade. The increments in these drinking rates from 7th grade to 11th grade in males decreased gradually in recent follow-up groups. Generational impacts should be considered by using follow-up groups to study drinking behaviors among students.

Analysis of Factors Influencing Insomnia and Construction of a Prediction Model:A Cross-sectional Survey on Rescuers

Objective To determine the factors influencing insomnia and construct early insomnia warning tools for rescuers to informbest practices for early screening and intervention.Methods Cluster sampling was used to conduct a cross-sectional survey of 1,133 rescuers from one unit in Beijing,China.Logistic regression modeling and R software were used to analyze insomniarelated factors and construct a PRISM model,respectively.Results The positive rate of insomnia among rescuers was 2.74%.Accounting for participants’age,education,systolic pressure,smoking,per capita family monthly income,psychological resilience,and cognitive emotion regulation,logistic regression analysis revealed that,compared with families with an average monthly income less than 3,000 yuan,the odds ratio(OR)values and the[95%confidence interval(CI)]for participants of the following categories were as follows:average monthly family income greater than 5,000 yuan:2.998(1.307–6.879),smoking:4.124(1.954–8.706),and psychological resilience:0.960(0.933–0.988).The ROC curve area of the PRISM model(AUC)=0.7650,specificity=0.7169,and sensitivity=0.7419.Conclusion Insomnia was related to the participants’per capita family monthly income,smoking habits,and psychological resilience on rescue workers.The PRISM model’s good diagnostic value advises its use to screen rescuer early sleep quality.Further,advisable interventions to optimize sleep quality and battle effectiveness include psychological resilience training and smoking cessation.

Repeated Cross-Sectional Survey of Knowledge and Attitudes to Colorectal Cancer Screening in Lebanon

The continuous awareness campaigns about Colorectal Cancer (CRC) directed towards the Lebanese population in order to foster preventive medicine are on the rise. The impact has been positive and reported in previous research, although the number of victims is still high. This paper aims to perform a recent cross-sectional study of Lebanese residents’ CRC awareness by comparing the findings of two studies carried out in the years 2016 and 2018. The samples of the current study include 1140 (2016) and 993 (2018) participants who completed a simple structured questionnaire directed to assess their knowledge of colon cancer and the behavioral intentions of obtaining CRC screening. Upon comparing results, the percentage of those who know about CRC has increased significantly from 40.4% in 2016 to 78.7% in 2018, the proportion of respondents who believed that family history is the major risk factor for CRC did increase significantly from 47.7% in 2016 to 90.8% in 2018. Likewise, the proportions of respondents who believed that overweight, age, and stress are among the major risk factors for CRC increased from 26.9%, 26.7% and 11.3% in 2016 to 86.2%, 52.1% and 21.51% in 2018, respectively. On the other hand, the proportions for the risk factors related to alcohol and smoking have dropped from 37.7% and 37.3% to 27.4% and 24.2%, respectively. Moreover, the most important source of information for CRC was friends (18.4% in 2016 versus 73.8% in 2018), followed by family (18.7% in 2016 versus 56.7% in 2018), and then physicians (18.9% in 2016 and 40.2% in 2018). In fact, the efforts of the non-governmental organization (NGO) SAID (118 different major activities in the span of 3 years) did make a significant difference in what relates to CRC awareness among the Lebanese population. These findings are used to encourage and support other NGOs to adopt targeted new awareness campaigns which have proven successful, and to present evidence based on facts to government officials in the Ministry of Health to support and possibly sponsor national awareness campaigns and preventive efforts to mitigate CRC levels.

Smoking rate trends of male 7th and 11th graders in Japan based on repeated, nationwide, cross-sectional surveys every 4 years from 1996 to 2008

Backgrounds: Smoking in childhood has become an important public health concern. Previous studies have reported on secular trends in childhood smoking rates and compared with smoking rates at fixed ages. They also described secular trends regarding the prevalence of smoking at fixed ages. The variations in smoking rate of young children and adolescents by follow-up groups have not been studied by follow-up groups at a national level. Objective: We looked at trends and generational impacts on smoking rate by using follow-up groups of male Japanese high school students to quantitatively assess differences in trends, based on multiple nationwide data from the Japanese Youth Tobacco and Drinking Surveys gathered every 4 years between 1996 and 2008. Methods: The surveys were nationwide, cross-sectional random sampling surveys given every 4 years from 1996 to 2008, using the single-stage cluster sampling methodology. The cluster unit of the sampling was school. The survey targeted junior and senior high school students from schools selected through Japan using the National School Directory. Students enrolled in the sampled schools were subjects of the study. Participants were 53,925 high school students from 7th grade to 11th grade in 1996, 2000, 2004 and 2008. We divided the three follow-up groups every 4 years from 1996 to 2004 for male junior high school students in 7th grades, age 13. The end periods were 4 years later when they had become 11th graders, age 17, from 2000 to 2008. Main outcome measures in this study were life time smoking, current smoking within 30 days and daily smoking at 7th or 11th grade and the trend of the smoking rates between 7th to 11th grades. Results: Life time smoking rate, current smoking rate and daily smoking rate in Japanese high school students decreased at 7th grade from 1996 to 2004. They also decreased at 11th grade from 2000 to 2008. However, the slopes differed among their follow-up groups. The increments in their smoking rates from 7th grade to 11th grade in male high school students were smaller in recent follow-up groups both in 2000 and in 2004 than in follow-up groups in 1996. Then, those increments in follow-up groups between in 2000 and in 2004 were similar in lifetime smoking rate and current smoking rate. Conclusions: We have shown that monitoring trends by follow-up group are important in studying smoking for public health. Values of smoking rates from a young age to adolescence by follow-up group should be examined. Values of smoking rate and regular changes in smoking rate are important because smoking rate changes dynamically during adolescence. Not only trends in smoking rates at fixed ages, but also generational impacts should be considered by using follow-up groups to study smoking behaviors among students. We need to continue careful monitoring of follow-up group smoking prevalence. When long-term health promotions are planned or assessed, policy makers need to look at changes in follow-up groups.

Ever Use of Modern Contraceptive among Adolescents in Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Sociodemographic Factors

Background: Six in ten sexually active adolescent women in Uganda have an unmet need for contraception yet there is limited data on what is driving its use. This study aimed to determine the associations between sociodemographic factors and modern contraceptive ever-use among adolescents in Uganda. Methods: A crossectional study was conducted among 337 adolescents aged 13 - 19 years who had ever had sex in Wakiso (urban) and Kamuli (rural) districts in Uganda. The outcome of interest was the ever-use of modern contraceptives. Generalized linear models with a Poisson link were used to examine the associations between sociodemographic factors and contraceptive ever use. Results: The weighted prevalence of ever-use of modern contraceptives was 30.9%. Contraceptive ever use was more likely among the older adolescents (adjusted Odds Ratio) aOR 1.31 (95% CI = 1.06 - 1.55), married aOR 1.67 (95% CI = 1.09 - 2.58) and the less educated were aOR 1.79 (95% CI = 1.14 - 2.83) compared to their counterparts. Adolescents living in the urban district (Wakiso) aOR 0.67 (95% CI = 0.49 - 0.92) were less likely to use modern contraceptives. In stratified analysis, the urban poor were more likely to use modern contraceptives (moderate aPR 0.35 95%CI (0.17 - 0.68) ** or high socioeconomic status aPR 0.62, 95%CI (0.28 - 1.37). Conclusions: The study shows low contraceptive ever-use among adolescents. Adolescents with low education and those from rural settings were more likely to ever-use modern contraceptives. Having good knowledge of contraception and discussing sex with parents promoted contraceptives ever-use. We recommend further studies assessing barriers to contraceptive use among adolescents in Uganda.

Patient safety culture regarding intravenous therapy in Guangzhou, China: a cross-sectional survey

Objective: To investigate the patient safety culture regarding intravenous therapy in parts of tertiary hospitals in Guangzhou, China.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted. A total of 333 medical staffs members from eight hospitals in Guangzhou were included in our study using convenience sampling. An evaluation about the patient safety culture regarding intravenous therapy was conducted.Results: The summarized results show that the total and level one items' scores are greater than 4.3 points(the full mark is 5 points). The lowest scoring of the five level one items is for the hospital's security resources(4.53±0.526), and the highest is for the hospital's safety management commitment(4.65±0.445). Among the 25 secondary entries, the four lowest-scoring entries are "doctors who can master the knowledge of drug efficacy and adverse reactions"(4.44±0.622), "doctors who can master the knowledge of the choice of medicine"(4.45±0.621), "a guarantee of sufficient human resources"(4.46±0.647), and "doctors who can master the knowledge related to the observation and complications with the treatment of intravenous therapy operation"(4.435±0.634).Conclusions: The patient safety culture regarding intravenous treatment in parts of tertiary hospitals in Guangzhou is promising, but there are still shortcomings, including the need to increase relevant resources, such as equipment facilities, training resources, and especially human input.

Awareness and attitudes regarding Helicobacter pylori infection among university students:a national cross-sectional survey

Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is one of the most common chronic bacterial infections all over the world.University students are a group with strong comprehensive ability.Their cognition and behavior can exert great impact on society.However,up to now,reports on the awareness and attitudes regarding H.pylori infection among university students are scarce.This study aimed to survey dietary,habits,knowledge,and attitudes towards H.pylori infection.A total of 5794 participants,including undergraduates,postgraduates,and doctoral students,were recruited from the top 100 universities in China.A selfconstructed questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge and attitudes of students toward H.pylori infection and its impact.In our study,most of the population preferred dining in the canteen(69.6%),whereas 20.6% chose restaurants or takeaway.Up to 24.1% of the respondents had at least one lifestyle habit associated with H.pylori colonization.Almost half had at least one digestive symptom related to H.pylori infection.Most students were aware of its association with gastritis(84.4%)and peptic ulcer(86.6%).However,only half of them were aware of its association with gastric cancer(57.9%).Furthermore,only 14.1% of the respondents had been tested for H.pylori,and 25.1% of them tested positive.The H.pylori-detection rate was higher in Hunan province compared with Guangdong and Jilin provinces.Regarding knowledge of H.pylori,65.4% of the respondents had known about it,and 24.3% correctly answered all questions.When comparing the acquisition of H.pylori knowledge between tested and untested students,32.5% of the tested participants answered all questions correctly,which was significantly higher than the untested group(13.1%).There was no significant difference between genders in H.pylori knowledge and detection.University students are highly educated population.If they were fully aware of the harm of H.pylori infection,their parents,friends,and even future families would benefit,thus reducing the incidence of H.pylori infection,as well as gastric cancer and healthcare finances.This survey not only investigated but also spread the awareness of H.pylori among university students,which is of great medical,economic and sociological importance.

Mapping the clinical practice of traditional,complementary and integrative medicine in oncology in Western countries:A multinational cross-sectional survey

Background Many cancer patients seek adjunctive therapies to biomedical cancer treatments at some point of their disease trajectory.While acupuncture is increasingly recommended by leading oncological associations,limited evidence exists concerning the evidence-informed practice and adherence to current guidelines of traditional complementary and integrative medicine(TCIM)practitioners treating cancer patients.Methods An international online-survey assessed the demographical data,clinical practice,and sources of information used by TCIM practitioners in Austria,Germany,United States of America,Australia,and New Zealand.Results In total,404 respondents completed the survey,of which 254(62.9%)treated cancer patients.Most practitioners were acupuncturists and herbalists(57.1%),had(16.8±9.9)years of clinical experience and see a median of 2(1,4)cancer patients per week.Breast cancer(61.8%)is the most common cancer type seen in TCIM clinics.Adjunctive TCIM treatments are frequently concurrent with the patient’s cancer specific treatment(39.9%),which is also reflected by the main goal of a TCIM treatment to alleviate side effects(52.4%).However,only 28.0%of the respondents are in contact with the treating oncologist.According to the respondents,pain is most effectively treated using acupuncture,while herbal medicine is best for cancer-related fatigue.TCIM practitioners mostly use certified courses(33.1%)or online databases(28.3%)but often believe that experts are more reliable to inform their practice(37.0%)than research publications(32.7%).Conclusion Acupuncturists and herbalists commonly treat cancer patients.Most practitioners use TCIM as an adjunct to biomedicine as supportive care and use it largely in accordance with current oncological guidelines.

Factors associated with recommendation behaviors of four non-National Immunization Program vaccines:a cross-sectional survey among public health workers in China

Background Immunization is a crucial preventive measure to safeguard children under five years old against a range of diseases.In China,the coverage rate of non-National Immunization Program(non-NIP)vaccines can be improved by leveraging the recommendation from public health workers.Hence,understanding the influencing factors of recommendation behaviors assume paramount importance.This study aims to investigate influencing factors of public health workers’recommendation behaviors towards non-NIP vaccines,with a particular emphasis on financial incentives.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a multi-stage sampling method in 2019 from August to October.627 public health workers were recruited from 148 community healthcare centers in ten provincial-level administrative divisions in China.An anonymous questionnaire was used to collect demographic information,attitudes towards vaccination,and recommendation behaviors towards non-NIP vaccines,includingHaemophilus influenzae type b(Hib)vaccine,pneumococcal conjugate vaccine,varicella vaccine,and rotavirus vaccine.Descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were adopted in this study.Results Of the 610 public health workers with complete survey data,53.8%,57.4%,84.1%,and 54.1%often recommended Hib vaccine,pneumococcal pneumonia vaccine(PCV),varicella vaccine,and rotavirus vaccine,respectively.Logistic regression revealed that gender(Hib vaccine:OR=0.4,95%CI:0.2-0.8;PCV:OR=0.4,95%CI:0.2-0.8;rotavirus vaccine:OR=0.3,95%CI:0.2-0.6),financial incentives for non-NIP vaccination(Hib vaccine:OR=1.9,95%CI:1.1-3.6;PCV:OR=2.1,95%CI:1.1-3.9;rotavirus vaccine:OR=2.0,95%CI:1.1-3.8)and perception of vaccine safety(Hib vaccine:OR=2.7,95%CI:1.1-7.0;PCV:OR=3.2,95%CI:1.2-8.0;rotavirus vaccine:OR=3.0,95%CI:1.2-7.7)were associated with public health workers’recommendation towards Hib vaccine,PCV and rotavirus vaccine.Conclusions The findings highlighted public health workers’recommendation behaviors of non-NIP vaccines in China and revealed strong association between vaccine recommendation and financial incentives.This highlights the importance of financial incentives in public health workers’recommendation toward non-NIP vaccines in China.Proper incentives are recommended for public health workers to encourage effective health promotion in immunization practices.

Optimization Design of the Multi-Layer Cross-Sectional Layout of An Umbilical Based on the GA-GLM

Marine umbilical is one of the key equipment for subsea oil and gas exploitation,which is usually integrated by a great number of different functional components with multi-layers.The layout of these components directly affects manufacturing,operation and storage performances of the umbilical.For the multi-layer cross-sectional layout design of the umbilical,a quantifiable multi-objective optimization model is established according to the operation and storage requirements.Considering the manufacturing factors,the multi-layering strategy based on contact point identification is introduced for a great number of functional components.Then,the GA-GLM global optimization algorithm is proposed combining the genetic algorithm and the generalized multiplier method,and the selection operator of the genetic algorithm is improved based on the steepest descent method.Genetic algorithm is used to find the optimal solution in the global space,which can converge from any initial layout to the feasible layout solution.The feasible layout solution is taken as the initial value of the generalized multiplier method for fast and accurate solution.Finally,taking umbilicals with a great number of components as examples,the results show that the cross-sectional performance of the umbilical obtained by optimization algorithm is better and the solution efficiency is higher.Meanwhile,the multi-layering strategy is effective and feasible.The design method proposed in this paper can quickly obtain the optimal multi-layer cross-sectional layout,which replaces the manual design,and provides useful reference and guidance for the umbilical industry.

Dyslipidemia in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in a Rural Community in Ganadougou, Mali: A Cross-Sectional Study

Dyslipidemia is a disorder where abnormally lipid concentrations circulate in the bloodstream. The disorder is common in type 2 diabetics (T2D) and is linked with T2D comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular disease. Dyslipidemia in T2D is typically characterized by elevated plasma triglyceride and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. There is a significant gap in the literature regarding dyslipidemia in rural parts of Africa, where lipid profiles may not be captured through routine surveillance. This study aimed to characterize the prevalence and demo-graphic profile of dyslipidemia in T2D in the rural community of Ganadougou, Mali. We performed a cross-sectional study of 104 subjects with T2D in Ganadougou between November 2021 and March 2022. Demographic and lipid profiles were collected through cross-sectional surveys and serological analyses. The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia in T2D patients was 87.5% (91/104), which did not differ by sex (P = .368). High low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was the most common lipid abnormality (78.9%, [82/104]). Dyslipidemia was associated with age and hypertension status (P = .013 and.036, respectively). High total and high LDL-C parameters were significantly associated with hypertension (P = .029 and .006, respectively). In low-resource settings such as rural Mali, there is a critical need to improve infrastructure for routine dyslipidemia screening to guide its prevention and intervention approaches. The high rates of dyslipidemia observed in Gandadougou, consistent with concomitant increases in cardiovascular diseases in Africa suggest that lipid profile assessments should be incorporated into routine medical care for T2D patients in African rural settings.

Association between triglyceride-glucose index and colorectal polyps:A retrospective cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND Colorectal polyps(CPs)are frequently occurring abnormal growths in the colorectum,and are a primary precursor of colorectal cancer(CRC).The triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index is a novel marker that assesses metabolic health and insulin resistance,and has been linked to gastrointestinal cancers.AIM To investigate the potential association between the TyG index and CPs,as the relation between them has not been documented.METHODS A total of 2537 persons undergoing a routine health physical examination and colonoscopy at The First People's Hospital of Kunshan,Jiangsu Province,China,between January 2020 and December 2022 were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study.After excluding individuals who did not meet the eligibility criteria,descriptive statistics were used to compare characteristics between patients with and without CPs.Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associations between the TyG index and the prevalence of CPs.The TyG index was calculated using the following formula:Ln[triglyceride(mg/dL)×glucose(mg/dL)/2].The presence and types of CPs was determined based on data from colonoscopy reports and pathology reports.RESULTS A nonlinear relation between the TyG index and the prevalence of CPs was identified,and exhibited a curvilinear pattern with a cut-off point of 2.31.A significant association was observed before the turning point,with an odds ratio(95% confidence interval)of 1.70(1.40,2.06),P<0.0001.However,the association between the TyG index and CPs was not significant after the cut-off point,with an odds ratio(95% confidence interval)of 0.57(0.27,1.23),P=0.1521.CONCLUSION Our study revealed a curvilinear association between the TyG index and CPs in Chinese individuals,suggesting its potential utility in developing colonoscopy screening strategies for preventing CRC.

Mental health and insomnia problems in healthcare workers after the COVID-19 pandemic:A multicenter cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND Healthcare workers(HCWs)are at increased risk of contracting coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)as well as worsening mental health problems and insomnia.These problems can persist for a long period,even after the pandemic.However,less is known about this topic.AIM To analyze mental health,insomnia problems,and their influencing factors in HCWs after the COVID-19 pandemic.METHODS This multicenter cross-sectional,hospital-based study was conducted from June 1,2023 to June 30,2023,which was a half-year after the end of the COVID-19 emergency.Region-stratified population-based cluster sampling was applied at the provincial level for Chinese HCWs.Symptoms such as anxiety,depression,and insomnia were evaluated by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7,Patient Health Questionnaire-9,and Insomnia Severity Index.Factors influencing the symptoms were identified by multivariable logistic regression.RESULTS A total of 2000 participants were invited,for a response rate of 70.6%.A total of 1412 HCWs[618(43.8%)doctors,583(41.3%)nurses and 211(14.9%)nonfrontline],254(18.0%),231(16.4%),and 289(20.5%)had symptoms of anxiety,depression,and insomnia,respectively;severe symptoms were found in 58(4.1%),49(3.5%),and 111(7.9%)of the participants.Nurses,female sex,and hospitalization for COVID-19 were risk factors for anxiety,depression,and insomnia symptoms;moreover,death from family or friends was a risk factor for insomnia symptoms.During the COVID-19 outbreak,most[1086(76.9%)]of the participating HCWs received psychological interventions,while nearly all[994(70.4%)]of them had received public psychological education.Only 102(7.2%)of the HCWs received individual counseling from COVID-19.CONCLUSION Although the mental health and sleep problems of HCWs were relieved after the COVID-19 pandemic,they still faced challenges and greater risks than did the general population.Identifying risk factors would help in providing targeted interventions.In addition,although a major proportion of HCWs have received public psychological education,individual interventions are still insufficient.

Association between Serum Ferritin Levels and Metabolic-associated Fatty Liver Disease in Adults:a Cross-sectional Study Based on the NHANES

Objective Ferritin,initially acting as an iron-storage protein,was found to be associated with metabolic diseases.Our study was designed to investigate the association between serum ferritin and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)of the United State of America.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted,enrolling a total of 2145 participants from the NHANES in the 2017–2018 cycles.Hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis were assessed by ultrasound images and several non-invasive indexes.Multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the associations between serum ferritin concentration and MAFLD and liver fibrosis.Results The analysis revealed that participants with higher serum ferritin levels(Q3 and Q4 groups)had a higher prevalence of MAFLD than those with the lowest serum ferritin levels[Q3 vs.Q1:OR=2.17(1.33,3.53),P<0.05 in fatty liver index(FLI);Q4 vs.Q1:OR=3.13(1.91,5.13),P<0.05 in FLI].Additionally,participants with the highest serum ferritin levels(Q4 group)displayed a higher prevalence of liver fibrosis[Q4 vs.Q1:OR=2.59(1.19,5.62),P<0.05 in liver stiffness measurement;OR=5.06(1.12,22.94),P<0.05 in fibrosis-4 index],with significantly increased risk observed in participants with concomitant diabetes[OR=7.45(1.55,35.72),P=0.012].Conclusion Our study revealed that elevated serum ferritin levels are associated with a higher prevalence of MAFLD and advanced liver fibrosis in patients.Elevated serum ferritin levels combined with diabetes are important risk factors for liver fibrosis.