Global trends in international research collaboration, 1980-2021

Purpose:The aim of this study is to analyze the evolution of international research collaboration from 1980 to 2021.The study examines the main global patterns as well as those specific to individual countries,country groups,and different areas of research.Design/methodology/approach:The study is based on the Web of Science Core collection database.More than 50 million publications are analyzed using co-authorship data.International collaboration is defined as publications having authors affiliated with institutions located in more than one country.Findings:At the global level,the share of publications representing international collaboration has gradually increased from 4.7%in 1980 to 25.7%in 2021.The proportion of such publications within each country is higher and,in 2021,varied from less than 30%to more than 90%.There are notable disparities in the temporal trends,indicating that the process of internationalization has impacted countries in different ways.Several factors such as country size,income level,and geopolitics may explain the variance.Research limitations:Not all international research collaboration results in joint co-authored scientific publications.International co-authorship is a partial indicator of such collaboration.Another limitation is that the applied full counting method does not take into account the number of authors representing in each country in the publication.Practical implications:The study provides global averages,indicators,and concepts that can provide a useful framework of reference for further comparative studies of international research collaboration.Originality/value:Long-term macro-level studies of international collaboration are rare,and as a novelty,this study includes an analysis by the World Bank’s division of countries into four income groups.

Practical Exploration of Strengthening Team Communication and Cooperation in Head Nurse Nursing Management

This study explores the practical application of nursing management led by head nurses to enhance team communication and collaboration within clinical settings.By integrating leadership theories with nursing practice,this research adopts a qualitative methodology to examine the effects of strategic communication and teamwork enhancement initiatives.Through interviews,observations,and the analysis of case studies in various hospital departments,the study identifies key barriers to effective team communication and collaboration,including hierarchical structures,lack of standardized communication protocols,and insufficient training.Solutions implemented involve targeted communication skills training,the establishment of interdisciplinary teamwork protocols,and leadership workshops for head nurses.The outcomes indicate significant improvements in team efficiency,patient care quality,and staff satisfaction.This research underscores the importance of head nurses in fostering an environment conducive to open communication and collaborative practice,thereby advancing patient care and team performance.

Evaluation of Attending Medical Teams and Their Impact on the DRG Components of Cholecystectomy

Objective:This study assessed the role of the attending medical team in the cost control of the cholecystectomy DRG components.Methods:The association between team structure,workflow,and treatment outcomes was analyzed using a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative data and qualitative interviews from 628 patients.Results:Inter-professional teamwork significantly affected length of stay,treatment costs,and recurrence rates,with experienced teams performing better in terms of emergency response and collaborative efficiency.Patient satisfaction was generally high,indicating that good teamwork enhances treatment outcomes.Significance:The study highlights the importance of optimizing team configuration to improve the quality,efficiency,and cost control of healthcare.

Benefits of multidisciplinary collaborative care team-based nursing services in treating pressure injury wounds in cerebral infarction patients

BACKGROUND Cerebral infarction patients need to be bedridden for long periods of time often resulting in pressure injuries,which may represent a serious threat to patients'life and health.An effective nursing program should be adopted for timely intervention in patients with pressure wounds.AIM To explore the value of nursing services based on a multidisciplinary collaborative treatment team in patients with pressure injury wounds following cerebral infarction.METHODS Patients with cerebral infarction pressure injury wounds in our hospital from December 2016 to January 2021 were selected and divided into one study group and one control group based on the simple random number table method.The control group was treated with conventional nursing care(CNC),and the study group was treated with care services based on multidisciplinary collaborative care(MDCC).The Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing(PUSH),healing effect,Self-Perceived Burden Score(SPBS),and satisfaction with the intervention were calculated before and after 2 and 4 wk of intervention in both groups.RESULTS Sixty-two patients were enrolled,and 31 patients were assigned to each group.The results of the interventions were as follows:(1)There was no significant difference between the PUSH scores of the MDCC group(11.19±2.46)and CNC group(12.01±2.79)before the intervention(P>0.05),and the PUSH scores were lower after 2 and 4 wk of intervention in the MDCC group(6.63±1.97 and 3.11±1.04)than in the CNC group(8.78±2.13 and 4.96±1.35 points)(P<0.05);(2)The rate of wound healing in the MDCC group(96.77%)was higher than that in the CNC group(80.65%)(P<0.05);(3)There was no significant difference between the SPBS scores of emotional factors(21.15±3.11),economic factors(9.88±2.15),and physical factors(8.19±2.23)in the two groups before the intervention.The scores of emotional factors(13.51±1.88),economic factors(6.38±1.44),and physical factors(5.37±1.08)were lower in the MDCC group than in the CNC group(16.89±2.05,7.99±1.68 and 7.06±1.19)after 4 wk of intervention(P<0.05);and(4)Satisfaction with the intervention was higher in the MDCC group(93.55%)than in the CNC group(74.19%)(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Interventions for patients with cerebral infarction pressure wounds based on an MDCC treatment team can effectively reduce patients'self-perceived burden,improve pressure wound conditions,facilitate wound healing,and increase patient satisfaction with the intervention.

A Review of the Clinical Interdisciplinary Collaboration among Nurses and Physicians

Background: Care is a team effort that its continuity is not possible by a person alone. Nurses and physicians should have collaboration with other professions to solve care complex problems. Aim: We conducted a review of the literature to evaluate clinical nurses collaboration with other disciplines examined by qualitative approach. Method: We searched all articles that published from 1995 to 2014 in both English and Persian which had been performed interdisciplinary collaboration processes in the clinical nursing. These articles were done with qualitative approach for nurse’s collaboration with other disciplines. We searched using databases of Proquest, Scopus, pub Med, Science Direct, and Iranian databases of Sid, Magiran, Iran Medex. This review was performed using keywords matching with MESH terms such as interdisciplinary relations, nurse-physician relations, care team, collaboration, and their Persian equivalents at the first separately and then with AND/OR as combination. In most studies, the main structure was three components of collaboration process, context of collaboration and consequences that they were emphasized. Results & Conclusions: However context and processes were different but most studies reported outcomes similarity of interdisciplinary collaboration. Thus to achieve common goals between different disciplines working together is essential for effective care in clinical settings.

An Empirical Study of the Optimum Team Size Requirement in a Collaborative Computer Programming/Learning Environment

Pair programming has been widely acclaimed the best way to go in computer programming. Recently, collaboration involving more subjects has been shown to produce better results in programming environments. However, the optimum group size needed for the collaboration has not been adequately addressed. This paper seeks to inculcate and acquaint the students involved in the study with the spirit of team work in software projects and to empirically determine the effective (optimum) team size that may be desirable in programming/learning real life environments. Two different experiments were organized and conducted. Parameters for determining the optimal team size were formulated. Volunteered participants of different genders were randomly grouped into five parallel teams of different sizes ranging from 1 to 5 in the first experiment. Each team size was replicated six times. The second experiment involved teams of same gender compositions (males or females) in different sizes. The times (efforts) for problem analysis and coding as well as compile-time errors (bugs) were recorded for each team size. The effectiveness was finally analyzed for the teams. The study shows that collaboration is highly beneficial to new learners of computer programming. They easily grasp the programming concepts when the learning is done in the company of others. The study also demonstrates that the optimum team size that may be adopted in a collaborative learning of computer programming is four.

多机协同智能发展战略研究

多个自主智能系统通过信息、行为交互构成的多机协同智能,代表着未来智能系统的必然发展趋势,是我国新一代人工智能规划部署的主攻方向,也是支撑国防、社会安全的核心技术和推动制造业由大到强的必由之路。开展突破多机协同智能技术发展研究,对于推动我国军事智能、智能产业高质量发展、加快工业转型升级具有重要意义。本文基于多机协同智能系统当前面临的难以适应复杂任务这一挑战,从基础理论和核心关键技术两个层面出发,系统地梳理了多机协同智能的研究现状,分析了制约基础理论与关键技术发展的主要瓶颈性问题,并以多机协同智能制造为典型应用,剖析理论与技术发展中存在的问题。研究认为,多机协同智能将朝着人机群组智能的方向发展,为抢占发展先机,需及早布局人机群组智能的基础理论探索,加速核心技术突破,并加快应用示范。

Effects of nursing team communication and collaboration on treatment outcomes in intensive care unit patients with severe pneumonia

BACKGROUND Severe pneumonia is a common severe respiratory infection worldwide,and its treatment is challenging,especially for patients in the intensive care unit(ICU).AIM To explore the effect of communication and collaboration between nursing teams on the treatment outcomes of patients with severe pneumonia in ICU.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 60 patients with severe pneumonia who were treated at the ICU of the hospital between January 1,2021 and December 31,2023.We compared and analyzed the respiratory mechanical indexes[airway resistance(Raw),mean airway pressure(mPaw),peak pressure(PIP)],blood gas analysis indexes(arterial oxygen saturation,arterial oxygen partial pressure,and oxygenation index),and serum inflammatory factor levels[C-reactive protein(CRP),procalcitonin(PCT),cortisol(COR),and high mobility group protein B1(HMGB1)]of all patients before and after treatment.RESULTS Before treatment,there was no significant difference in respiratory mechanics index and blood gas analysis index between 2 groups(P>0.05).However,after treatment,the respiratory mechanical indexes of patients in both groups were significantly improved,and the improvement of Raw,mPaw,plateau pressure,PIP and other indexes in the combined group after communication and collaboration with the nursing team was significantly better than that in the single care group(P<0.05).The serum CRP and PCT levels of patients were significantly decreased,and the difference was statistically significant compared with that of nursing group alone(P<0.05).The levels of serum COR and HMGB1 before and after treatment were also significantly decreased between the two groups.CONCLUSION The communication and collaboration of the nursing team have a significant positive impact on respiratory mechanics indicators,blood gas analysis indicators and serum inflammatory factor levels in the treatment of severe pneumonia patients in ICU.

高校思政课教师团队构建的背景审视、逻辑理路及其协同路径

团队作为社会生活中无所不在的思维与行动单位,它本身所蕴含的行动的力量对于我们审视高校思政课既存叙事主体的叙事逻辑和组织逻辑具有重要意义。在新的历史时期,有必要对高校思政课教师团队的存在样态进行反思,推进高效能思政课教师团队的模式建构,打造高质量发展、高效率运行的思政课教师团队。基于此,从运行主体上需要实现思政课教师队伍从个体叙事向团队叙事的转向,从构建路向上需要基于差异性分层学习共同体的优势来聚焦思政课的主题,从组织保障上需要以民主型、包容性和自治性的机制来协同整合。

多学科呼吸管理小组在A型主动脉夹层患者中促肺康复的效果研究

目的探讨基于医护联合的多学科呼吸管理小组在A型主动脉夹层患者中促肺康复的效果。方法选择本院2022年1月至2023年1月收治的A型主动脉夹层患者80例,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组40例。对照组患者给予常规护理,观察组在对照组的基础上实施基于医护联合的多学科呼吸管理小组护理方式。比较2组患者的肺功能指标[氧合指数(OI)、呼吸指数(RI)、动态肺顺序性(Cdyn)、静态肺顺应性(Cst)]、临床指标、对护理工作的满意度。结果T1时2组OI值、RI值、Cdyn水平及Cst水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),T2、T3、T4时观察组OI值、Cdyn水平及Cst水平均高于对照组,RI值均低于对照组,观察组CICU时间、机械通气时间、使用高流量氧疗时间及住院总时间均短于对照组,LUS评分低于对照组,对护理工作的满意度高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于医护联合的多学科呼吸管理小组可明显改善A型主动脉夹层患者术后的肺功能,缩短机械通气时间,提高对护理工作的满意度,值得在临床进一步进行推广。

基于“教赛协同”的数据挖掘课程教学改革研究

数据挖掘课程是大数据和人工智能方向重要的核心课程,主要培养学生在数据驱动的范式下结合问题场景和社会需求,具备利用数据挖掘方法和技术分析、解决实际问题的能力。针对数据挖掘课程教学过程中存在的“痛点”问题,以培养工程型创新性人才为导向,从课程内容体系、学科竞赛体系和课程队伍体系三个维度,探索并构建基于“教赛协同”的数据挖掘课程教学改革的策略和方法,为地方高等院校大数据和人工智能相关专业的发展提供思路。

基于PBL团队式多维协同的汽车创新人才培养研究与实践

该文从分析高校汽车人才培养面临的问题出发,提出基于PBL(Problem-Based Learning)团队式多维协同的汽车创新人才培养模式,结合武汉理工大学汽车工程学院的创新实践,探索汽车专业创新型人才培养新途径。实践证明,这种新型的人才培养模式可有效提升高校本科生和研究生的培养质量,为车辆工程专业创新型人才的培养提供参考。

人机协作下的共享心智模型研究

人机协调共生是当下人类面临的重要问题,但智能技术内部“黑箱”效应带来的透明度低、可控性低等问题使人机协作时常产生冲突和矛盾。在此背景下,共享心智模型成为引导人机协作团队成员相互理解、协调的关键概念。基于此,文章首先梳理了共享心智模型的发展历程与经典的测量与评估方法。随后,文章以共享心智模型为基础引入“扩展思维”这一概念,设计了人机协作下的共享心智模型;同时,结合共享心智模型的经典计算与测量方法,文章提出了人机协作下共享心智模型的计算框架与测量思路。最后,文章通过应用案例分析,发现人机协作下的共享心智模型能有效促进团队合作和任务绩效,由此验证了人机协作下共享心智模型的可行性与有效性。文章提出的人机协作下的共享心智模型可为教育领域人机协作的良性互动提供理论支持,并为辅助人机协同学习与教师教育决策提供借鉴。

MDT-CBL教学方法在血液肿瘤临床教学中的应用研究

目的:探讨血液肿瘤教学中联合应用MDT和CBL教学方法的教学效果。方法:将2020年5月至2021年2月在血液科轮科的住院医师规范化培训学员共43人随机分为试验组(23人)和对照组(20人),试验组采用MDT-CBL教学方法,对照组采用LBL教学法,通过比较出科考核成绩和对带教老师的问卷调查比较两组的教学效果。结果:试验组学员在临床病例分析、实践技能及出科考核总成绩均优于对照组学员(P<0.05)。问卷调查表明,试验组学员在学习积极性、知识掌握程度、文献查阅能力、理论联系实际能力、临床思维能力、团队协作方面优于对照组学员(P<0.05)。结论:MDT-CBL教学方法能有效提高血液肿瘤的临床教学效果,全面提高学员的综合能力。

基于产教融合的职业教育教学创新团队建设

教学创新团队是基于产教融合的新型团队,要起到示范作用,将校企与校际协作共同体、示范性产业学院、创新型实验或实践教学中心等作为团队的依托。教学创新团队的运行需要进行团队成员的分工与协作、团队教师的考核与评价、团队的制度建设。教学创新团队需要建立协同工作机制,包括建立多层次贯通的人才培养模式、约束制度、教研和科研管理制度、专业建设制度等,加强专业带头人、“双师型”教师、青年教师、企业兼职教师能力培养。校企与校际合作的方式包括共建教师发展中心,共同制订人才培养方案,按工作岗位的能力要求制订课程标准,基于工作过程构建课程体系等。教学创新团队建设是一项重要任务,需要众多院校、企业的深度参与,加强创新和探索。

基于决策导向评价的多学科协作团队教学模式在肠造口护理教学中的应用

探讨基于决策导向评价的多学科协作团队教学模式在肠造口护理教学中的应用效果,为提高外科造口护理教学质量提供参考。研究结果表明,该模式有助于提升护生实习成绩、造口护理核心能力、共情能力和教学满意度,值得进一步推广应用。

基于“课程独立、一课一企”的职业院校教师团队协作模块化教学

团队协作模块化教学是国家职业教育改革的一项重要任务,“专兼结合”“一课多师”是团队协作模块化教学的基本要求,传统以院系和学校管理部门为责任主体、教学组织管理统包统揽的模式,已不能适应团队协作模块化教学分工更细的要求。通过课程独立性改革,将课程分散的资源、条件划归到各课程,使课程成为相对独立的整体,任务下放课程组成为模块化课程建设、教学和管理的责任主体,发挥课程组教师团队的能动性和创造性;课程独立后,将校企合作落实到课程层面,至少做到“一课一企”,解决课程“专兼结合”“一课多师”团队的组建等问题。院系和学校教学组织管理部门的职能转变为对课程宏观指导、服务保障、组织评价和考核等,与课程组共同推进模块化教学顺利实施。

科研团队成员国别差异性的测度、演变及其与团队产出影响力的关系

国际科学合作已成为知识创造的一条重要途径,有利于科学突破的产生。这种合作形式不仅反映了个体科学家的合作动机,还体现了国家在社会经济和科学活动等方面的依赖性与合作性。本文通过考察论文团队成员的国别属性,探讨了成员差异与团队产出影响力之间的关系。首先,本文从地理、经济、文化和科学活动等多个维度量化了国家间距离,运用主成分分析法提取了3个主要成分来衡量国家间的综合性差异,并计算了论文成员的差异分数。其次,本文研究了这些差异分数与团队产出影响力之间的关系。研究结果表明,论文成员的文化差异和科研投入差异与团队产出影响力之间呈现显著负相关关系,科学合作差异则与团队产出影响力之间存在显著正相关关系。本文的研究结论为组建、维护和管理跨国科研团队提供了政策建议,有助于提高跨国科研团队的绩效水平。

人机协作对项目团队绩效的影响研究:有调节的中介效应模型

鉴于人机协作对员工及团队绩效的影响机制存在认知差异,整合资源保存理论、自我调节理论以及角色理论,构建人机协作、团队绩效,团队创造力以及团队虚拟性的被调节中介模型,并结合模糊认知图(FCM)仿真方法,对影响因素之间的相关性进行动态分析。研究结果表明:(1)人机协作对团队绩效具有显著正向影响;团队创造力在人机协作与团队绩效关系之间发挥显著的中介作用;(2)团队虚拟性在直接效应和中介效应中均发挥了调节作用;(3)通过情景分析证明人机协作是影响团队绩效的最根本原因,团队虚拟性是智能技术应用的边界条件。研究结论拓展了项目情境下人机协作在项目领域的影响效应和团队虚拟性的调节机制,为项目团队科学合理应用智能技术和团队绩效管理提供借鉴。

医务社会工作参与精神卫生多学科治疗的路径研究

随着我国精神卫生服务理念与模式转型,社会工作参与精神卫生多学科团队协作成为一个重要的发展趋势。为探索社会工作参与精神卫生多学科综合治疗模式与路径,本研究通过双案例研究方法,选取了上海市精神卫生中心两个典型病区作为典型案例并对病区医疗团队的深度访谈与参与式观察。结果显示医务社工通过“服务嵌入-关系嵌入-制度嵌入”的路径,实现社工参与到多学科综合治疗。在这个过程中,“资源-需求”响应模式、权力获取、日常互动、话语融合、服务机制再建构是实现社工服务嵌入的重要行动策略,不同的策略方式决定了最终不同的服务模式。未来医务社会工作参与多学科综合治疗模式不仅要加强微观实践,更要形成宏观制度保障。