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Economic Burden of Illness of the Cervical Cancer Treatment Protocol in Bangladesh
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作者 Shamima Aktar Md. Shawkat Ali 《Journal of Cancer Therapy》 2024年第10期346-361,共16页
Background: Cervical cancer is a significant health concern in Bangladesh, with high mortality rates due to limited awareness and costly treatments. The disease stages influence treatment protocols, ranging from surge... Background: Cervical cancer is a significant health concern in Bangladesh, with high mortality rates due to limited awareness and costly treatments. The disease stages influence treatment protocols, ranging from surgery and radiotherapy for early stages to chemotherapy and radiation for advanced stages, but survival rates decrease as the cancer progresses. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the economic impact of the disease and recommend cost-efficient strategies for prevention and treatment. Methods: A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted with a stratified sample of cervical cancer patients from selected healthcare facilities across Bangladesh. Data collection involved structured interviews and validated questionnaires. The study measured the economic impact, treatment costs, and other related expenses. Quantitative data analysis was performed using SPSS v22, MS-Excel, and R Programming, with Multivariate regression analysis and Post Hoc tests, including the chi-square test, applied to selected indicators. Results: All respondents in the study were female, aged 34 - 75, with 72.3% aged 40 - 50. Most were illiterate (38.6%) and housewives (95.0%). Additionally, 98% were married, 85.10% married before age 18, and 46.50% experienced their first menstruation before age 12. Families typically had a monthly income of 10,000 - 30,000 Taka, spending similar amounts on treatment. Significant relationships were found between educational qualifications, occupation, personal hygiene practices, history of oral contraceptive use, and age of marriage (p Conclusion: The article emphasizes the impact of monthly family income on cervical cancer treatment costs, stressing the need for comprehensive support services to address the financial and emotional burdens faced by patients. Improving access to quality care and implementing measures can enhance outcomes for cervical cancer patients in Bangladesh. 展开更多
关键词 economic Burden Cervical Cancer Monthly Family Income Treatment Cost related Others Cost
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Empirical Analysis on the Relations between Rural Residents' Consumption and Economic Growth——A Case of Liaoning Province 被引量:1
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作者 WEI Ya-nan LI Fei WEI Wen-hui 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2011年第6期80-83,共4页
Liaoning is a granary province with a large agricultural population and great market potential. Expanding rural residents' consumption becomes a necessity for enlarging domestic demand, solving three agriculture p... Liaoning is a granary province with a large agricultural population and great market potential. Expanding rural residents' consumption becomes a necessity for enlarging domestic demand, solving three agriculture problems and promoting sustainable and rapid economic development. The research shows that since invigorating old industrial base in Liaoning, the contribution rate of rural residents' consumption to economic motivation is low and unstable, which has become one of the choke points for the development of economy. By using the grey correlation method, the influences of rural residents' consumption in different periods to GDP per capita are analyzed, the results show that the consumption level of rural residents were increasing, but their contribution rate on economic growth showed the descending tend. The residential expenses stay in the major position of consumption expenses; the education and entertainment products and service consumption play an important role; the growth of transportation and telecommunication is slow; the expenses on medical care are low and its contribution rate on economic growth is relatively weak. The countermeasures on developing rural economy, increasing rural residents' income, improving rural consumption environment, accelerating rural infrastructure construction, constructing and perfecting rural social security system and expanding rural consumption credit market are put forward to expand rural residents' consumption demand and realize the sustainable development of economy. 展开更多
关键词 Rural residents’consumption economic growth Grey relational degree China
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Malaysia's Contemporary Political and Economic Relations with Iran 被引量:1
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作者 Asmady Idris Remali Yusoff 《International Relations and Diplomacy》 2015年第2期123-133,共11页
Traditionally, Malaysia's relations with the Middle Eastern World boil down to narrow-limited interaction with only a handful of countries, mainly Egypt, Saudi Arabia (before known as Hejaz), and Turkey. The underl... Traditionally, Malaysia's relations with the Middle Eastern World boil down to narrow-limited interaction with only a handful of countries, mainly Egypt, Saudi Arabia (before known as Hejaz), and Turkey. The underlying reasons behind are largely owing to the established ancient relations and religious fulfillments like performing pilgrimage as well as pursuing religious studies in highly respected institutions. Malaysia's relation with the Islamic Republic of Iran, however, has shown steady progress of development since the end of 1960s and onwards. Although Iran has become an Islamic Republic after the eruption of the Revolution in 1979, the relations remain intact in spite of the potential expansion of Iran's religious ideology, Shi'ah, among Malaysian Muslim communities. On top of that, with Iran now facing economic sanctions due to its nuclear programs, both countries continue to bolster their relations, especially in political and economic interactions. Contemporarily, both Malaysia and Iran are closely working together to further enhance the level of their relations. The leaders of both countries have quiet regularly exchanged visits and have also actively ventured into promising business opportunities. Iran ranked as the Malaysia's third West Asian trading partners along with the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Saudi Arabia, provides a lot of opportunities for Malaysia to seize onto. In other words, Malaysia's contemporary relations with Iran will evolve beyond the dogma of the Iranian Revolution in 1979. 展开更多
关键词 POLITICS business economicS co-operations bilateral relations
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Principled Pragmatism: Understanding the EU Position on Economic Relations with China
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作者 Men Jing 《国际问题研究》 CSSCI 北大核心 2018年第3期216-230,共15页
关键词 Principled PRAGMATISM he EU POSITION on economic relations with China
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Trumponomics and China-US Economic and Trade Relations
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作者 Li Wei Zhang Yuhuan 《Contemporary International Relations》 2017年第2期51-66,共16页
Since he took office, the new US president, Donald Trump, has unveiled his broad economic policy--now called Trumponomics. It emphasizes neoliberalism at home, less government regulations, more growth and weakening th... Since he took office, the new US president, Donald Trump, has unveiled his broad economic policy--now called Trumponomics. It emphasizes neoliberalism at home, less government regulations, more growth and weakening the welfare state. Intemationally, Trumponomics embraces protectionism and nativism with a focus on US economic interests. Trumponomics caters to the lower-middle classes, a reflection of the country's current economic and diplomatic challenges. Trumponomics will bring uncertainty to China-US economic and trade relations. China should carefully study the policies of the Trump administration and prepare contingency plans. 展开更多
关键词 Trumponomics China-US economic and trade relations major power relations trade war
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China-Singapore Intergovernmental Cooperation and Economic and Trade Relations
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作者 Li Wei Zhao Runan 《Contemporary International Relations》 2017年第6期86-105,共20页
Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Singapore in 1990, both the economic and political ties between the two countries have experienced a substantial growth. China-Singapore Suzhou Industr... Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Singapore in 1990, both the economic and political ties between the two countries have experienced a substantial growth. China-Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park, China-Singapore (Chongqing) Demonstrative Initiative on Strategic Connectivity, and the compatibility between Singapore ~ development strategy and China' s Belt and Road initiative are testimony to the ever-growing bilateral economic and trade links. The deepening and expanding economic and trade relations between China and Singapore enhance political mutual trust, propelling China's economic and industrial upgrading. At the same time, they exert a positive influence on the development of China-ASEAN relations and an effective implementation of the Belt and Road initiative in Southeast Asia. 展开更多
关键词 China-Singapore economic relations China-Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park Belt and Road initiative neighboring diplomacy
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A CHINESE ECONOMIC CIRCLE IN REALITY——On Five Basic Features of the Economic Relations Between the China's Mainland and Hongkong/Macao
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作者 Wang Guangwei of Economics at the Institute of Economics of NANKAI UNIVERSITY 《南开经济研究》 CSSCI 北大核心 1994年第S3期25-31,45,共8页
Generally speaking, "an economic circle" refers to a group of countriesand regions whose economic relations override the universally accepted in-ternational practice or norms and they have formulated new eco... Generally speaking, "an economic circle" refers to a group of countriesand regions whose economic relations override the universally accepted in-ternational practice or norms and they have formulated new economic ruleswhich are applicable only to countries and regions inside the circle. 展开更多
关键词 A CHINESE economic CIRCLE IN REALITY On Five Basic Features of the economic relations Between the China's Mainland and Hongkong/Macao Basic
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Sino-ASEAN Economic and Trade Relations
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作者 Xie Ruixia The Asian Affairs Department, Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation 《China's Foreign Trade》 1994年第8期22-22,共1页
China and the ASEAN (including Thailand, the Philippine, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and Brunei) are all situated in the Asia Pacific region and are friendly neighbours. China’s economic and trade relationship wit... China and the ASEAN (including Thailand, the Philippine, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and Brunei) are all situated in the Asia Pacific region and are friendly neighbours. China’s economic and trade relationship with these countries has taken on a brand new aspect. In the last few years, frequent exchange at high levels between China and eastern countries has strengthened mutual understanding and economic 展开更多
关键词 ASEAN Sino-ASEAN economic and Trade relations US
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A Strategic Vision Urged for Sino-US Economic Relations
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作者 陶坚 张运成 《Contemporary International Relations》 1998年第6期14-24,共11页
As an important ingredient in bilateral ties, China-US economic and trade rela-tions have now evolved into a bond of strategic interests that glue the world’stwo great powers. Since a trans-Pacific strategic partners... As an important ingredient in bilateral ties, China-US economic and trade rela-tions have now evolved into a bond of strategic interests that glue the world’stwo great powers. Since a trans-Pacific strategic partnership is taking shape in the political arena,the author believes that, the call of the hour is to go a step further and put 展开更多
关键词 US A Strategic Vision Urged for Sino-US economic relations
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Beijing's Foreign Economic Relations and Trade
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作者 Ren Xiaoqiang 《China's Foreign Trade》 1994年第4期44-45,共2页
Beijing’s foreign economic relations and trade in 1993 surpassed that of 1992, and remarkable breakthroughs were made during the last year in the utilization of foreign capital, export volume and foreign exchange ear... Beijing’s foreign economic relations and trade in 1993 surpassed that of 1992, and remarkable breakthroughs were made during the last year in the utilization of foreign capital, export volume and foreign exchange earnings, and the construction of development zones, according to Mr Zhang Xuequn, the Deputy Director of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade Commission of the Beijing Municipal Government. The robust development 展开更多
关键词 US THAN Beijing’s Foreign economic relations and Trade
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A Review of China-US Economic and Trade Relations (2007-2015)
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作者 Yu Xiang 《Contemporary International Relations》 2018年第2期98-123,共26页
In order to find indications for future bilateral relations, it is worth reviewing the development of China-US economic and trade relations in recent history. Generally speaking, the nine years between 2007 and 2015 s... In order to find indications for future bilateral relations, it is worth reviewing the development of China-US economic and trade relations in recent history. Generally speaking, the nine years between 2007 and 2015 saw non-stop progress in China and US trade and economic ties. The China-US interdependent and complementary economic and trade connections ensure that bilateral relations are constantly developing and merging following their interdependent paths;the global challenges, such as the financial crisis and recent extreme weather events, have allowed China and the US to be in the same boat,weathering these different forms of turbulence. Decisions on important domestic policies and disputes can now be discussed earlier and effectively following on from the construction of multi-dimensional crisis management mechanisms. But undeniably there are unsettled and conflicting points in their relations, such as the fact that the US strategically excludes China from its free trade agenda, not willing to accept many everyday items manufactured by China. This is a major obstacle preventing their relationships deepening. History tells us, in future, if both sides could have a bigger vision, relations would better develop, for the new type of major power relations and the subsequent road would be less rocky and bring more benefits for the peoples of both countries. 展开更多
关键词 China-US economic and trade relations financial crisis Obama administration ACHIEVEMENTS conflict and cooperation
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Sino-U.S. Economic and Trade Relations:Rapid Development in Frictions
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作者 Zhou Shijian Wang Lijun 《China International Studies》 2006年第1期70-84,共15页
关键词 Sino-U.S economic and Trade relations
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Beijing's Steady Growth in Foreign Economic Relations and Trade
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作者 Xiao Qiang Staff reporter 《China's Foreign Trade》 1996年第5期18-18,共1页
In 1995,Beijing’s foreign economic andtrade sector continued to deepen itsrestructuring,give play to its advantagesand overcome its difficulties,and maintainedsustained development in foreign trade,theutilization of ... In 1995,Beijing’s foreign economic andtrade sector continued to deepen itsrestructuring,give play to its advantagesand overcome its difficulties,and maintainedsustained development in foreign trade,theutilization of foreign investment and foreigncooperation. The year 1995 saw an import andexport volume of US$4.23 billion,5.4 percentup from the previous year,including animport volume of US$1.74 billion,down 8percent,exports of US$2.49 billion,17.3percent up from the previous year,whichsurpasses the required US$2.3 billion ofexports by the municipal government.Specialforeign trade companies and industrial andtrade companies had exports of US$1.441billion,4.8 percent up from the previousyear,accounting for 57.9 percent of the 展开更多
关键词 USA TING Beijing’s Steady Growth in Foreign economic relations and Trade
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Develop Sino-EU Economic Relations: Understanding, Contents and Channels
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《International Understanding》 2001年第4期12-17,共6页
关键词 EU Develop Sino-EU economic relations UNDERSTANDING Contents and Channels
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At the Juncture of China's Entry to WTO, An Overall Development of Foreign Economic Relations andTrade Will Be Carried out in XPCC
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《China's Foreign Trade》 2002年第5期59-60,共2页
The Xinjiang Production andConstruction Corps (XPCC) was foundedin October 1954. Since 1990, its plan hasbeen listed directly under the state councilof PRC.After 50 years of arduouspioneering and development, the XPCC... The Xinjiang Production andConstruction Corps (XPCC) was foundedin October 1954. Since 1990, its plan hasbeen listed directly under the state councilof PRC.After 50 years of arduouspioneering and development, the XPCChas now developed to be a specialorganization with a solid economicstrength and enterprise group superiority,which is based on the large-scale andmodernized agriculture, and guided 展开更多
关键词 of Foreign economic relations andTrade Will Be Carried out in XPCC An Overall Development At the Juncture of China’s Entry to WTO BE
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Economic Influencing Factors of Trade Volume Between China and RCEP Member States
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作者 Jiao Zhang 《Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies》 2023年第3期14-19,共6页
This paper examines the impact of key economic factors on trade volumes between China and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP)member states.Studies have shown that gross domestic products(GDP),exchang... This paper examines the impact of key economic factors on trade volumes between China and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP)member states.Studies have shown that gross domestic products(GDP),exchange rate,and inflation have an impact on China’s import and export trade volume with RCEP member states.China’s export trade volume to RCEP member states is deeply affected by China’s GDP,but the import trade volume depends on China’s domestic demand and market.The impact of exchange rates on import and export trade volumes varies from country to country.China’s export volume to RCEP member states is generally more affected by the consumption level of its residents than the consumption level of Chinese residents. 展开更多
关键词 RCEP economic factors Import and export trade volume Bilateral relations
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Analysis on Relation Measuring and Development Innovation Path of Tourism Economy in Shenyang Economic Zone
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作者 Liang ZHAO Xiangye SONG 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2014年第11期46-48,共3页
This article firstly measures the tourism economy relations in Shenyang Economic Zone,and summarizes the spatial structure of tourism economy in Shenyang Economic Zone. The results show that Shenyang is in the central... This article firstly measures the tourism economy relations in Shenyang Economic Zone,and summarizes the spatial structure of tourism economy in Shenyang Economic Zone. The results show that Shenyang is in the central position and its tourism resource has obvious advantages. Finally,this paper provides the development innovation path of tourism economy in Shenyang Economic Zone. 展开更多
关键词 TOURISM economY relatION DEGREE Shenyang economic
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A RELATIVE BENEFIT ALGORITHM FOR BASIC ECONOMIC LOT SIZE PROBLEM
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作者 马辉民 张子刚 +1 位作者 周少甫 黄卫来 《Acta Mathematica Scientia》 SCIE CSCD 2001年第2期159-165,共7页
The paper develops an algorithm that solves economic lot size problem in O(n~2) time in the Wagner-Whitin case. The algorithm is based on the standard dynamic programming approach which requires the computation of the... The paper develops an algorithm that solves economic lot size problem in O(n~2) time in the Wagner-Whitin case. The algorithm is based on the standard dynamic programming approach which requires the computation of the maximal relative benefit for some possible subplans of the production plan. In this algorithm the authors have studied the forward property and decomposition properties which can make computation easy. The proposed algorithm appears to perform quite reasonably for practical application. 展开更多
关键词 economic lot size forward reiteration relative benefit
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Causal Relation Analysis of Economic Systems and the improvement of Syetem Dynamis(1)(2)
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作者 Zan Tingquan(Northwest Development Institute, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, people’s Republic of China)Zhang Qinling(Department of Mathematics, Tianshui Normal College, Tianshui 741000, Gansu Province, P.R.China) 《天水师范学院学报》 1991年第4期73-82,共10页
The Causal relation and whole-part relation are the two fundamen-tal relations in economics.In this paper,on the basis of economic prob-lems analysis in practioce,some causal relation structures of economic sys-tems a... The Causal relation and whole-part relation are the two fundamen-tal relations in economics.In this paper,on the basis of economic prob-lems analysis in practioce,some causal relation structures of economic sys-tems and fundamental rules for operations research are,at first,prop-osed.And then,a quotienting(simplifying)analysis approach of eco-nomic causal relations is presented and discussed in detail.At last,animprovement framework of system dynamics is proposed based on theviewpoint of generalized causal relations analysis. 展开更多
关键词 economic System CAUSAL relatION CAUSAL MiniEnvi-ronment Quotienting Analysis.
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Depreciation factor equation to evaluate the economic losses from ground failure due to subsidence related to groundwater withdrawal
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作者 Víctor Manuel Hernández-Madrigal Jesús Arturo Muniz-Jáuregui +2 位作者 Víctor Hugo Garduno-Monroy Netzahualcoyotl Flores-Lázaro Sócrates Figueroa-Miranda 《Natural Science》 2014年第3期108-113,共6页
Subsidence due to groundwater withdrawal is a complex hydrogeological process affecting numerous cities settled on top of fluviolacustrine deposits. The discrete spatial variation in the thickness of these deposits, i... Subsidence due to groundwater withdrawal is a complex hydrogeological process affecting numerous cities settled on top of fluviolacustrine deposits. The discrete spatial variation in the thickness of these deposits, in combination with subsidence due to groundwater withdrawal, generates differential settlements and aseismic ground failure (AGF) characterized by a welldefined scarp. In cities, such AGF causes severe damages to urban infrastructure and considerable economic impact. With the goal of arriving to a general criterion for evaluating the economic losses derived from AGF, in the present work we propose the following equation: ELi = PVi*DFi. Where PVi is the value of a property “i”, and DFi is a depreciation factor caused by structural damages of a property “i” due to AGF. The DFi is calculated empirically through: . This last equation is based on the spatial relations of coexistence and proximity of property polygons and the AGF axis. The coexistence is valued as the quotient of the affectation area divided by the total area of the involved property;and the proximity to the AGF axis is expressed as the inverse of the perpendicular distance from the centroid of the property polygon to the AGF axis. The sum of these terms is divided by two to determine the percentage that affects the property value (PVi). These equations are relevant because it is the first indicator designed for the discrete assessment of the economic impacts due to AGF, and can be applied to real estate infrastructure from either urban or rural areas. 展开更多
关键词 Aseismic Ground Failure Groundwater Withdrawal related Subsidence EQUATION DEPRECIATION economic Losses
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