A model study of residual oil distribution jointly using crosswell and borehole-surface electric potential methods

Although high resolution can be provided by electrical logging, the measured electrical log range is narrow and is limited to near the well. Borehole-surface electric potential measurements are able to detect a wide enough range but its resolution is limited, particularly for reservoirs with complex oil and water distribution or complicated structure. In this study, we attempt to accurately locate the 3-D reservoir water and oil distribution by combining borehole-surface and crosswell electric potentials. First, the distributions of oil and water in both vertical and horizontal directions are detected by the borehole-surface and erosswell electric potential methods, respectively, and then the measured crosswell potential result is used to calibrate the measured borehole-surface electric potential data to improve vertical resolution so that the residual oil distribution is determined in a lower half-space with three dimensions. The evaluation of residual oil distribution is obtained by investigation of differences between the simulation results of the reservoir with and without water flooding. The finite difference numerical simulation results prove that the spatial residual oil distribution can be effectively determined by combining the crosswell and borehole-surface electric potentials.

Inverse Gaussian-beam common-reflection-point-stack imaging in crosswell seismic tomography

To solve problems in small-scale and complex structural traps,the inverse Gaussian-beam stack-imaging method is commonly used to process crosswell seismic wave reflection data.Owing to limited coverage,the imaging quality of conventional ray-based crosswell seismic stack imaging is poor in complex areas;moreover,the imaging range is small and with sever interference because of the arc phenomenon in seismic migration.Thus,we propose the inverse Gaussian-beam stack imaging,in which Gaussian weight functions of rays contributing to the geophones energy are calculated and used to decompose the seismic wavefield.This effectively enlarges the coverage of the reflection points and improves the transverse resolution.Compared with the traditional VSP–CDP stack imaging,the proposed methods extends the imaging range,yields higher horizontal resolution,and is more adaptable to complex geological structures.The method is applied to model a complex structure in the K-area.The results suggest that the wave group of the target layer is clearer,the resolution is higher,and the main frequency of the crosswell seismic section is higher than that in surface seismic exploration The effectiveness and robustness of the method are verified by theoretical model and practical data.

A Gradient Regularization Method in Crosswell Seismic Tomography

Crosswell seismic tomography can be used to study the lateral variation of reservoirs, reservoir properties and the dynamic movement of fluids. In view of the instability of crosswell seismic tomography, the gradient method was improved by introducing regularization, and a gradient regularization method is presented in this paper. This method was verified by processing numerical simulation data and physical model data.

Inverse gaussian beam stack imaging in 3D crosswell seismic exploration of deviated wells and Its application

In crosswell seismic exploration,the imaging section produced by migration based on a wave equation has a serious arc phenomenon at its edge and a small effective range because of geometrical restrictions.Another imaging section produced by the VSP-CDP stack imaging method employed with ray-tracing theory is amplitude-preserved.However,imaging 3D complex lithological structures accurately with this method is difficult.Therefore,this study proposes inverse Gaussian beam stack imaging in the 3D crosswell seismic exploration of deviated wells on the basis of Gaussian beam ray-tracing theory.By employing Gaussian beam ray-tracing theory in 3D crosswell seismic exploration,we analyzed the energy relationship between seismic wave fields and their effective rays.In imaging,the single-channel seismic wave fi eld data in the common shot point gather are converted into multiple effective wave fields in the common reflection point gather by the inverse Gaussian beam.The process produces a large fold number of intensive reflection points.Selected from the horizontal and vertical directions of the 2D measuring line,the wave fi elds of the eff ective reflection points in the same stack bin are projected onto the 2D measuring line,chosen according to the distribution characteristics of the reflection points,and stacked into an imaging section.The method is applied to X oilfi eld to identify the internal structure of the off shore gas cloud area.The results provided positive support for the inverse Gaussian beam stack imaging of 3D complex lithological structures and proved that technology is a powerful imaging tool for 3D crosswell seismic data processing.

Application of crosswell seismic technique in detecting the gob area of coal mines

To date, significant exploitations of the coal mines have left a considerable number of undetermined empty spaces, also known as the gob areas, behind. The existence of these areas could make the overlaying terrane lose the gravity support. The inhomogeneous sinkage of the overlaying terrane could destroy the buildings constructed on it dramatically, which has currently been a classical geological disaster. In the current study, the crosswell seismic mechanism was addressed and applied to detect the gob area distribution and, espcially, to measure the compaction extent of the gob areas. The results clearly show that the crosswell seismic technique is a very powerful method to discover the distribution and compation degree of the gob areas. More importantly, the current findings provided a novel way for evaluating the compaction extent of the gob areas.

井间地震约束下的高分辨率波阻抗反演方法研究

井间地震资料频带信息丰富、分辨率高,能够衔接地面地震资料与测井资料。在频带较窄的地面地震资料反演中充分利用井间地震资料的宽频带特征,可以克服常规地震资料反演存在的多解性强和分辨率不高的问题。在基于柯西分布建立地震资料稀疏脉冲反演方法的基础上,引入高频信息丰富的井间地震资料作为反演约束条件,建立井间地震约束下的地面地震高分辨率波阻抗反演目标函数,实现对目标函数的有效求解。实际资料处理表明,井间地震约束下的地面地震波阻抗反演结果与测井曲线吻合较好,并且在保持测井约束反演结果整体特征的基础上提高了反演分辨率,更好地刻画了储层细节特征。

基于AVA道集的井间地震上行反射P波分离方法的研究与应用

针对井间地震资料处理中现有上行反射P波提取方法的不足,提出了基于AVA道集的三分量井间地震资料上行反射P波分离方法。首先对水平分量X和Y的直达波场进行水平定位,旋转得到两井平面内的径向分量R,然后对垂直分量Z和径向分量R进行直达波去除、管波衰减和上行波场分离,利用直达波层析反演结果建立速度模型,对垂直分量Z和径向分量R的上行波场分别进行上行反射P波射线追踪,得到两个相应的AVA道集,根据上行反射P波的入射角大小进行上行反射P波分离和提取,最后完成上行反射P波的叠加成像。模型计算和实际资料的处理结果表明,该方法可以有效提取三分量资料的上行反射P波能量,保证了上行反射P波叠加成像的精度和保真度。