Mass movements are very common problems in the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey due to its climate conditions, geological, and geomorphological characteristics. High slope angle, weathering, dense rainfalls, and ant...Mass movements are very common problems in the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey due to its climate conditions, geological, and geomorphological characteristics. High slope angle, weathering, dense rainfalls, and anthropogenic impacts are generally reported as the most important triggering factors in the region. Following the portal slope excavations in the entrance section of Cankurtaran tunnel, located in the region, where the highly weathered andesitic tuff crops out, a circular toe failure occurred. The main target of the present study is to investigate the causes and occurrence mechanism of this failure and to determine the feasible remedial measures against it using finite element method(FEM) in four stages. These stages are slope stability analyses for pre-and postexcavation cases, and remediation design assessments for slope and tunnel. The results of the FEM-SSR analyses indicated that the insufficient initial support design and weathering of the andesitic tuffs are the main factors that caused the portal failure. After installing a rock retaining wall with jet grout columns and reinforced slope benching applications, the factor of safety increased from 0.83 to 2.80. In addition toslope stability evaluation, the Rock Mass Rating(RMR), Rock Mass Quality(Q) and New Austrian Tunneling Method(NATM) systems were also utilized as empirical methods to characterize the tunnel ground and to determine the tunnel support design. The performance of the suggested empirical support design, induced stress distributions and deformations were analyzed by means of numerical modelling. Finally, it was concluded that the recommended stabilization technique was essential for the dynamic long-term stability and prevents the effects of failure. Additionally, the FEM method gives useful and reasonably reliable results in evaluating the stability of cut slopes and tunnels excavated both in continuous and discontinuous rock masses.展开更多
The distribution of thermal stresses in functionally graded polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) and in single coating of PDC are analyzed respectively by thermo-mechanical finite element analysis (FEA). It is shown ...The distribution of thermal stresses in functionally graded polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) and in single coating of PDC are analyzed respectively by thermo-mechanical finite element analysis (FEA). It is shown that they each have a remarkable stress concentration at the edge of the interfaces. The diamond coatings usually suffer premature failure because of spallation, distortion or defects such as cracks near the interface due to these excessive residual stresses. Results showed that the axial tensile stress in FGM coating is reduced from 840 MPa to 229 MPa compared with single coating, and that the shear stress is reduced from 671 MPa to 471 MPa. Therefore, the single coating is more prone to spallation and cracking than the FGM coating. The effects of the volume compositional distribution factor (n) and the number of the graded layers (L) on the thermal stresses in FGM coating are also discussed respectively. Modelling results showed that the optimum value of the compositional distribution factor is 1.2, and that the best number of the graded layers is 6.展开更多
A linear full 3D finite element method (FEM) was performed in order to present the key design parameters of highway tunnel asphalt pavement under double-wheel load on rectangular loaded area considering horizontal con...A linear full 3D finite element method (FEM) was performed in order to present the key design parameters of highway tunnel asphalt pavement under double-wheel load on rectangular loaded area considering horizontal contact stress induced by the acceleration/deceleration of vehicles.The key design parameters are the maximum horizontal tensile stresses at the surface of the asphalt layer,the maximum horizontal tensile stresses at the bottom of the asphalt layer and the maximum vertical shear stresses at the surface of the as- phalt layer were calculated.The influencing factors such as double-wheel weight;asphalt layer thickness;base course stiffness modulus and thickness;and the contact conditions among the structure layers on these key design parameters were also examined separately to propose construction procedures of highway tunnel asphalt pavement.展开更多
底鼓是深埋高应力软岩隧道常遇灾害,现有底鼓力学机制忽略了隧道开挖导致的围岩应力释放、应力转移和应力集中现象,仅对初始地应力状态进行了分析。因此,鉴于有限元-离散元耦合数值方法(finite-discrete element method,简称FDEM)在模...底鼓是深埋高应力软岩隧道常遇灾害,现有底鼓力学机制忽略了隧道开挖导致的围岩应力释放、应力转移和应力集中现象,仅对初始地应力状态进行了分析。因此,鉴于有限元-离散元耦合数值方法(finite-discrete element method,简称FDEM)在模拟岩体材料弹塑性连续变形和断裂失效非连续变形以及破碎块体接触方面的优越性,采用FDEM数值模拟方法研究了隧道底板渐进破裂碎胀大变形演化机制,并研究了地应力侧压系数、围岩体抗拉强度和底板位置对底鼓机制的影响。结果表明:(1)隧道底板底鼓力学机制为围岩的破裂碎胀性大变形,可简述为隧道开挖导致径向应力降低、切向应力升高,当升高的切向应力超过岩体强度时便产生共轭剪切破裂并伴随拉伸断裂,最大切向应力不断向深处完整围岩演化直至与岩体强度达到极限平衡状态,剪切裂隙也随之不断向深处扩展,深部块体推挤浅部块体向隧道空间移动并产生大量空隙,发生体积膨胀现象,造成底鼓灾害;(2)根据地应力侧压系数和围岩体抗拉强度的不同,可归纳出5类不同的底板破坏模式,但都可归结为由于最大切向集中应力造成的破裂碎胀性大变形。修正了原有底鼓力学机制未考虑应力释放、转移和集中等应力演化现象的不足,提出了一种新的基于渐进破裂碎胀性大变形的底鼓力学机制,为隧道底鼓机制的研究提供了一种新视角。展开更多
文摘Mass movements are very common problems in the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey due to its climate conditions, geological, and geomorphological characteristics. High slope angle, weathering, dense rainfalls, and anthropogenic impacts are generally reported as the most important triggering factors in the region. Following the portal slope excavations in the entrance section of Cankurtaran tunnel, located in the region, where the highly weathered andesitic tuff crops out, a circular toe failure occurred. The main target of the present study is to investigate the causes and occurrence mechanism of this failure and to determine the feasible remedial measures against it using finite element method(FEM) in four stages. These stages are slope stability analyses for pre-and postexcavation cases, and remediation design assessments for slope and tunnel. The results of the FEM-SSR analyses indicated that the insufficient initial support design and weathering of the andesitic tuffs are the main factors that caused the portal failure. After installing a rock retaining wall with jet grout columns and reinforced slope benching applications, the factor of safety increased from 0.83 to 2.80. In addition toslope stability evaluation, the Rock Mass Rating(RMR), Rock Mass Quality(Q) and New Austrian Tunneling Method(NATM) systems were also utilized as empirical methods to characterize the tunnel ground and to determine the tunnel support design. The performance of the suggested empirical support design, induced stress distributions and deformations were analyzed by means of numerical modelling. Finally, it was concluded that the recommended stabilization technique was essential for the dynamic long-term stability and prevents the effects of failure. Additionally, the FEM method gives useful and reasonably reliable results in evaluating the stability of cut slopes and tunnels excavated both in continuous and discontinuous rock masses.
基金Research Program in the Ninth National Five-Year-Plan of Ministryof Land and Resources, China
文摘The distribution of thermal stresses in functionally graded polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) and in single coating of PDC are analyzed respectively by thermo-mechanical finite element analysis (FEA). It is shown that they each have a remarkable stress concentration at the edge of the interfaces. The diamond coatings usually suffer premature failure because of spallation, distortion or defects such as cracks near the interface due to these excessive residual stresses. Results showed that the axial tensile stress in FGM coating is reduced from 840 MPa to 229 MPa compared with single coating, and that the shear stress is reduced from 671 MPa to 471 MPa. Therefore, the single coating is more prone to spallation and cracking than the FGM coating. The effects of the volume compositional distribution factor (n) and the number of the graded layers (L) on the thermal stresses in FGM coating are also discussed respectively. Modelling results showed that the optimum value of the compositional distribution factor is 1.2, and that the best number of the graded layers is 6.
文摘A linear full 3D finite element method (FEM) was performed in order to present the key design parameters of highway tunnel asphalt pavement under double-wheel load on rectangular loaded area considering horizontal contact stress induced by the acceleration/deceleration of vehicles.The key design parameters are the maximum horizontal tensile stresses at the surface of the asphalt layer,the maximum horizontal tensile stresses at the bottom of the asphalt layer and the maximum vertical shear stresses at the surface of the as- phalt layer were calculated.The influencing factors such as double-wheel weight;asphalt layer thickness;base course stiffness modulus and thickness;and the contact conditions among the structure layers on these key design parameters were also examined separately to propose construction procedures of highway tunnel asphalt pavement.
文摘底鼓是深埋高应力软岩隧道常遇灾害,现有底鼓力学机制忽略了隧道开挖导致的围岩应力释放、应力转移和应力集中现象,仅对初始地应力状态进行了分析。因此,鉴于有限元-离散元耦合数值方法(finite-discrete element method,简称FDEM)在模拟岩体材料弹塑性连续变形和断裂失效非连续变形以及破碎块体接触方面的优越性,采用FDEM数值模拟方法研究了隧道底板渐进破裂碎胀大变形演化机制,并研究了地应力侧压系数、围岩体抗拉强度和底板位置对底鼓机制的影响。结果表明:(1)隧道底板底鼓力学机制为围岩的破裂碎胀性大变形,可简述为隧道开挖导致径向应力降低、切向应力升高,当升高的切向应力超过岩体强度时便产生共轭剪切破裂并伴随拉伸断裂,最大切向应力不断向深处完整围岩演化直至与岩体强度达到极限平衡状态,剪切裂隙也随之不断向深处扩展,深部块体推挤浅部块体向隧道空间移动并产生大量空隙,发生体积膨胀现象,造成底鼓灾害;(2)根据地应力侧压系数和围岩体抗拉强度的不同,可归纳出5类不同的底板破坏模式,但都可归结为由于最大切向集中应力造成的破裂碎胀性大变形。修正了原有底鼓力学机制未考虑应力释放、转移和集中等应力演化现象的不足,提出了一种新的基于渐进破裂碎胀性大变形的底鼓力学机制,为隧道底鼓机制的研究提供了一种新视角。
