Transition edge sensor-based detector:from X-ray to γ-ray

A transition edge sensor(TES)is extremely sensitive to changes in temperature,and combined with a high-Z metal of a certain thickness,it can realize high-energy resolution measurements of particles such as X-rays.X-rays with energies below 10 keV have a weak penetrating ability,hence,only gold or bismuth of a few micrometers in thickness can guarantee a quantum efficiency higher than 70%.Therefore,the entire structure of the TES X-ray detector in this energy range can be realized using a microfabrication process.However,for X-rays or γ-rays from 10 keV to 200 keV,submillimeter absorber layers are required,which cannot be realized using the microfabrication process.This paper first briefly introduces a set of TES X-ray detectors and their auxiliary systems,and then focuses on the introduction of the TES γ-ray detector with an absorber based on a submillimeter lead-tin alloy sphere.The detector achieved a quantum efficiency above 70% near 100 keV and an energy resolution of approximately 161.5 eV at 59.5 keV.

Cryogenic phonon-detector model with solid argon for detecting dark matter

Over the past few years,phonon detectors have emerged as a prevailing technology for detecting lowmass dark matter due to their low thresholds and high resolution.These detectors,which employ either dual-phase detectors combining phonon-light or phonon-electron interactions,have significantly advanced direct dark matter detection efforts.Argon,as a low-background and high-reserve detection medium,has also played a crucial role in this field.Both liquid-argon single-phase detectors and gas-liquid two-phase time projection chambers(TPCs)have contributed substantially to the direct detection of high-mass dark matter.By integrating these distinct detector types,the upper limits of the corresponding mass cross-section in dark matter detection can be lowered.We propose a phonon detector utilizing solid argon as the absorber,which combines the advantages of both aforementioned detector types.However,due to the requirement for an ultra-low temperature environment in the tens of millikelvin(mK)range,experimental investigations of solid argon phonon detector performance are currently constrained by technical limitations.Therefore,the performance analysis of the solid argon phonon detector presented in this study is only based on sapphire phonon detectors.Although there may be discrepancies between this approximation and the actual performance,the intrinsic characteristics of phonon detectors permit a qualitative evaluation of the solid argon phonon detector's potential capabilities.