The Internet of Things(IoT)has taken the interconnected world by storm.Due to their immense applicability,IoT devices are being scaled at exponential proportions worldwide.But,very little focus has been given to secur...The Internet of Things(IoT)has taken the interconnected world by storm.Due to their immense applicability,IoT devices are being scaled at exponential proportions worldwide.But,very little focus has been given to securing such devices.As these devices are constrained in numerous aspects,it leaves network designers and administrators with no choice but to deploy them with minimal or no security at all.We have seen distributed denial-ofservice attacks being raised using such devices during the infamous Mirai botnet attack in 2016.Therefore we propose a lightweight authentication protocol to provide proper access to such devices.We have considered several aspects while designing our authentication protocol,such as scalability,movement,user registration,device registration,etc.To define the architecture we used a three-layered model consisting of cloud,fog,and edge devices.We have also proposed several pre-existing cipher suites based on post-quantum cryptography for evaluation and usage.We also provide a fail-safe mechanism for a situation where an authenticating server might fail,and the deployed IoT devices can self-organize to keep providing services with no human intervention.We find that our protocol works the fastest when using ring learning with errors.We prove the safety of our authentication protocol using the automated validation of Internet security protocols and applications tool.In conclusion,we propose a safe,hybrid,and fast authentication protocol for authenticating IoT devices in a fog computing environment.展开更多
The rapid adoption of Internet of Things(IoT)technologies has introduced significant security challenges across the physical,network,and application layers,particularly with the widespread use of the Message Queue Tel...The rapid adoption of Internet of Things(IoT)technologies has introduced significant security challenges across the physical,network,and application layers,particularly with the widespread use of the Message Queue Telemetry Transport(MQTT)protocol,which,while efficient in bandwidth consumption,lacks inherent security features,making it vulnerable to various cyber threats.This research addresses these challenges by presenting a secure,lightweight communication proxy that enhances the scalability and security of MQTT-based Internet of Things(IoT)networks.The proposed solution builds upon the Dang-Scheme,a mutual authentication protocol designed explicitly for resource-constrained environments and enhances it using Elliptic Curve Cryptography(ECC).This integration significantly improves device authentication,data confidentiality,and energy efficiency,achieving an 87.68%increase in data confidentiality and up to 77.04%energy savings during publish/subscribe communications in smart homes.The Middleware Broker System dynamically manages transaction keys and session IDs,offering robust defences against common cyber threats like impersonation and brute-force attacks.Penetration testing with tools such as Hydra and Nmap further validated the system’s security,demonstrating its potential to significantly improve the security and efficiency of IoT networks while underscoring the need for ongoing research to combat emerging threats.展开更多
With the recent technological developments,massive vehicular ad hoc networks(VANETs)have been established,enabling numerous vehicles and their respective Road Side Unit(RSU)components to communicate with oneanother.Th...With the recent technological developments,massive vehicular ad hoc networks(VANETs)have been established,enabling numerous vehicles and their respective Road Side Unit(RSU)components to communicate with oneanother.The best way to enhance traffic flow for vehicles and traffic management departments is to share thedata they receive.There needs to be more protection for the VANET systems.An effective and safe methodof outsourcing is suggested,which reduces computation costs by achieving data security using a homomorphicmapping based on the conjugate operation of matrices.This research proposes a VANET-based data outsourcingsystem to fix the issues.To keep data outsourcing secure,the suggested model takes cryptography models intoaccount.Fog will keep the generated keys for the purpose of vehicle authentication.For controlling and overseeingthe outsourced data while preserving privacy,the suggested approach considers the Trusted Certified Auditor(TCA).Using the secret key,TCA can identify the genuine identity of VANETs when harmful messages aredetected.The proposed model develops a TCA-based unique static vehicle labeling system using cryptography(TCA-USVLC)for secure data outsourcing and privacy preservation in VANETs.The proposed model calculatesthe trust of vehicles in 16 ms for an average of 180 vehicles and achieves 98.6%accuracy for data encryption toprovide security.The proposedmodel achieved 98.5%accuracy in data outsourcing and 98.6%accuracy in privacypreservation in fog-enabled VANETs.Elliptical curve cryptography models can be applied in the future for betterencryption and decryption rates with lightweight cryptography operations.展开更多
Traditional methods of identity authentication often rely on centralized architectures,which poses risks of computational overload and single points of failure.We propose a protocol that offers a decentralized approac...Traditional methods of identity authentication often rely on centralized architectures,which poses risks of computational overload and single points of failure.We propose a protocol that offers a decentralized approach by distributing authentication services to edge authentication gateways and servers,facilitated by blockchain technology,thus aligning with the decentralized ethos of Web3 infrastructure.Additionally,we enhance device security against physical and cloning attacks by integrating physical unclonable functions with certificateless cryptography,bolstering the integrity of Internet of Thins(IoT)devices within the evolving landscape of the metaverse.To achieve dynamic anonymity and ensure privacy within Web3 environments,we employ fuzzy extractor technology,allowing for updates to pseudonymous identity identifiers while maintaining key consistency.The proposed protocol ensures continuous and secure identity authentication for IoT devices in practical applications,effectively addressing the pressing security concerns inherent in IoT network environments and contributing to the development of robust security infrastructure essential for the proliferation of IoT devices across diverse settings.展开更多
可截取签名允许签名人根据需要,在不与原始签名人交互的情况下删除已签名中的敏感数据块,并为截取后的数据计算一个公开并且可验证的签名.目前大多数可截取签名方案都是基于传统数论的困难假设构造的,鉴于量子计算机可能构成的威胁,构...可截取签名允许签名人根据需要,在不与原始签名人交互的情况下删除已签名中的敏感数据块,并为截取后的数据计算一个公开并且可验证的签名.目前大多数可截取签名方案都是基于传统数论的困难假设构造的,鉴于量子计算机可能构成的威胁,构造能够抵抗量子计算攻击的可截取签名方案尤为重要.因此基于格的Ring-SIS(ring short integer solution)问题,提出一种理想格上基于身份的可截取签名方案,证明了该方案在选择身份和消息攻击下存在不可伪造性和隐私性.理论分析和效率分析表明,相较于同类方案,该方案在功能性上同时具备身份认证、隐私性和抗量子攻击等多种功能,用户公钥尺寸更短、安全性更高、算法耗时更低.展开更多
密钥交换协议能确保两个用户在不受信任的通道中安全交换密钥,其中Diffie-Hellman协议最为著名。但随着量子计算技术的发展,基于经典数论问题的密钥交换协议逐渐变得脆弱。因此,后量子密码学受到了关注,基于格的密码学成为其中最具吸引...密钥交换协议能确保两个用户在不受信任的通道中安全交换密钥,其中Diffie-Hellman协议最为著名。但随着量子计算技术的发展,基于经典数论问题的密钥交换协议逐渐变得脆弱。因此,后量子密码学受到了关注,基于格的密码学成为其中最具吸引力的领域之一。目前,基于容错学习(Learning with Errors,LWE)问题的格密码是主流。提出了一种基于群环上的容错学习(LWE from Group Rings,GR-LWE)问题的密钥交换协议,将密钥交换协议扩展到二面体非交换群环上,提供了长期安全性,并且可抵抗量子计算机的攻击。展开更多
文摘The Internet of Things(IoT)has taken the interconnected world by storm.Due to their immense applicability,IoT devices are being scaled at exponential proportions worldwide.But,very little focus has been given to securing such devices.As these devices are constrained in numerous aspects,it leaves network designers and administrators with no choice but to deploy them with minimal or no security at all.We have seen distributed denial-ofservice attacks being raised using such devices during the infamous Mirai botnet attack in 2016.Therefore we propose a lightweight authentication protocol to provide proper access to such devices.We have considered several aspects while designing our authentication protocol,such as scalability,movement,user registration,device registration,etc.To define the architecture we used a three-layered model consisting of cloud,fog,and edge devices.We have also proposed several pre-existing cipher suites based on post-quantum cryptography for evaluation and usage.We also provide a fail-safe mechanism for a situation where an authenticating server might fail,and the deployed IoT devices can self-organize to keep providing services with no human intervention.We find that our protocol works the fastest when using ring learning with errors.We prove the safety of our authentication protocol using the automated validation of Internet security protocols and applications tool.In conclusion,we propose a safe,hybrid,and fast authentication protocol for authenticating IoT devices in a fog computing environment.
基金supported through Universiti Sains Malaysia(USM)and the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia providing the research grant,Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS-Grant No.FRGS/1/2020/TK0/USM/02/1).
文摘The rapid adoption of Internet of Things(IoT)technologies has introduced significant security challenges across the physical,network,and application layers,particularly with the widespread use of the Message Queue Telemetry Transport(MQTT)protocol,which,while efficient in bandwidth consumption,lacks inherent security features,making it vulnerable to various cyber threats.This research addresses these challenges by presenting a secure,lightweight communication proxy that enhances the scalability and security of MQTT-based Internet of Things(IoT)networks.The proposed solution builds upon the Dang-Scheme,a mutual authentication protocol designed explicitly for resource-constrained environments and enhances it using Elliptic Curve Cryptography(ECC).This integration significantly improves device authentication,data confidentiality,and energy efficiency,achieving an 87.68%increase in data confidentiality and up to 77.04%energy savings during publish/subscribe communications in smart homes.The Middleware Broker System dynamically manages transaction keys and session IDs,offering robust defences against common cyber threats like impersonation and brute-force attacks.Penetration testing with tools such as Hydra and Nmap further validated the system’s security,demonstrating its potential to significantly improve the security and efficiency of IoT networks while underscoring the need for ongoing research to combat emerging threats.
文摘With the recent technological developments,massive vehicular ad hoc networks(VANETs)have been established,enabling numerous vehicles and their respective Road Side Unit(RSU)components to communicate with oneanother.The best way to enhance traffic flow for vehicles and traffic management departments is to share thedata they receive.There needs to be more protection for the VANET systems.An effective and safe methodof outsourcing is suggested,which reduces computation costs by achieving data security using a homomorphicmapping based on the conjugate operation of matrices.This research proposes a VANET-based data outsourcingsystem to fix the issues.To keep data outsourcing secure,the suggested model takes cryptography models intoaccount.Fog will keep the generated keys for the purpose of vehicle authentication.For controlling and overseeingthe outsourced data while preserving privacy,the suggested approach considers the Trusted Certified Auditor(TCA).Using the secret key,TCA can identify the genuine identity of VANETs when harmful messages aredetected.The proposed model develops a TCA-based unique static vehicle labeling system using cryptography(TCA-USVLC)for secure data outsourcing and privacy preservation in VANETs.The proposed model calculatesthe trust of vehicles in 16 ms for an average of 180 vehicles and achieves 98.6%accuracy for data encryption toprovide security.The proposedmodel achieved 98.5%accuracy in data outsourcing and 98.6%accuracy in privacypreservation in fog-enabled VANETs.Elliptical curve cryptography models can be applied in the future for betterencryption and decryption rates with lightweight cryptography operations.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2021YFB2700600the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.62132013+5 种基金the Key Research and Development Programs of Shaanxi under Grant Nos.S2024-YF-YBGY-1540 and 2021ZDLGY06-03the Basic Strengthening Plan Program under Grant No.2023-JCJQ-JJ-0772the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province under Grant No.2021B0101400003Hong Kong RGC Research Impact Fund under Grant Nos.R5060-19 and R5034-18Areas of Excellence Scheme under Grant No.Ao E/E-601/22-RGeneral Research Fund under Grant Nos.152203/20E,152244/21E,152169/22E and152228/23E。
文摘Traditional methods of identity authentication often rely on centralized architectures,which poses risks of computational overload and single points of failure.We propose a protocol that offers a decentralized approach by distributing authentication services to edge authentication gateways and servers,facilitated by blockchain technology,thus aligning with the decentralized ethos of Web3 infrastructure.Additionally,we enhance device security against physical and cloning attacks by integrating physical unclonable functions with certificateless cryptography,bolstering the integrity of Internet of Thins(IoT)devices within the evolving landscape of the metaverse.To achieve dynamic anonymity and ensure privacy within Web3 environments,we employ fuzzy extractor technology,allowing for updates to pseudonymous identity identifiers while maintaining key consistency.The proposed protocol ensures continuous and secure identity authentication for IoT devices in practical applications,effectively addressing the pressing security concerns inherent in IoT network environments and contributing to the development of robust security infrastructure essential for the proliferation of IoT devices across diverse settings.
文摘可截取签名允许签名人根据需要,在不与原始签名人交互的情况下删除已签名中的敏感数据块,并为截取后的数据计算一个公开并且可验证的签名.目前大多数可截取签名方案都是基于传统数论的困难假设构造的,鉴于量子计算机可能构成的威胁,构造能够抵抗量子计算攻击的可截取签名方案尤为重要.因此基于格的Ring-SIS(ring short integer solution)问题,提出一种理想格上基于身份的可截取签名方案,证明了该方案在选择身份和消息攻击下存在不可伪造性和隐私性.理论分析和效率分析表明,相较于同类方案,该方案在功能性上同时具备身份认证、隐私性和抗量子攻击等多种功能,用户公钥尺寸更短、安全性更高、算法耗时更低.
文摘密钥交换协议能确保两个用户在不受信任的通道中安全交换密钥,其中Diffie-Hellman协议最为著名。但随着量子计算技术的发展,基于经典数论问题的密钥交换协议逐渐变得脆弱。因此,后量子密码学受到了关注,基于格的密码学成为其中最具吸引力的领域之一。目前,基于容错学习(Learning with Errors,LWE)问题的格密码是主流。提出了一种基于群环上的容错学习(LWE from Group Rings,GR-LWE)问题的密钥交换协议,将密钥交换协议扩展到二面体非交换群环上,提供了长期安全性,并且可抵抗量子计算机的攻击。
