Multifunctional Perovskite Photodetectors: From Molecular-Scale Crystal Structure Design to Micro/Nano-scale Morphology Manipulation

Multifunctional photodetectors boost the development of traditional optical communication technology and emerging artificial intelligence fields, such as robotics and autonomous driving. However, the current implementation of multifunctional detectors is based on the physical combination of optical lenses, gratings, and multiple photodetectors, the large size and its complex structure hinder the miniaturization, lightweight, and integration of devices. In contrast, perovskite materials have achieved remarkable progress in the field of multifunctional photodetectors due to their diverse crystal structures, simple morphology manipulation, and excellent optoelectronic properties. In this review, we first overview the crystal structures and morphology manipulation techniques of perovskite materials and then summarize the working mechanism and performance parameters of multifunctional photodetectors. Furthermore, the fabrication strategies of multifunctional perovskite photodetectors and their advancements are highlighted, including polarized light detection, spectral detection, angle-sensing detection, and selfpowered detection. Finally, the existing problems of multifunctional detectors and the perspectives of their future development are presented.

Accurate design and synthesis of nonlinear optical crystals employing KBe_(2)BO_(3)F_(2) as structural template

In spite of decades of great efforts,it is still very challenging to realize accurate design and synthesis of second-order nonlinear optical(NLO)crystals.KBe_(2)BO_(3)F_(2)(KBBF)is the sole NLO material that can output deep-ultraviolet light by direct second-harmonic generation process,so it is an ideal choice to use KBBF as the structural template to design environment-friendly candidates with better growth habit based on the reported compounds.In this review,we will elaborate the accurate design and synthesis of high-performance NLO ma-terials from the perspective of microscopic crystal structure based on KBBF,hoping to provide deep understanding on how to rationally design and synthesize targeted compounds efficiently and quickly.In addition,according to multiple requirements on ultraviolet NLO crystals,including second-harmonic generation,cut-off edge,and birefringence,we propose a new concept so-called quality factor to comprehensively evaluate the overall per-formance of new ultraviolet NLO materials.This concept would help to directly and readily evaluate the ability of an ultraviolet NLO material to achieve practical NLO output.

Sirtuin 5:a review of structure,known inhibitors and clues for developing new inhibitors

Sirtuins(SIRTs) are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD^+)-dependent protein deacetylases,which regulate important biological processes ranging from apoptosis,age-associated pathophysiologies,adipocyte and muscle differentiation,and energy expenditure to gluconeogenesis.Very recently,sirtuin 5(SIRT5) has received considerable attention due to that it was found to have weak deacetylase activity but strong desuccinylase,demalonylase and deglutarylase activities,and it was also found to be associated with several human diseases such as cancer,Alzheimer's disease,and Parkinson's disease.In this review,we for the first time summarized the structure characteristics,known peptide and small-molecule inhibitors of SIRT5,extracted some clues from current available information and introduced some feasible,practical in silico methods,which might be useful in further efforts to develop new SIRT5 inhibitors.

Discovery of dipeptidyl peptidase Ⅳ(DPP4) inhibitors based on a novel indole scaffold

Dipeptidyl peptidase Ⅳ（DPP4） inhibitors are proven in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.We designed and synthesized a series of novel indole compounds that selectively inhibit the activity of DPP4 over dipeptidyl peptidase 9（DPP9）（〉200 fold）.We further co-crystallized DPP4 with indole sulfonamide（compound 1） to confirm a proposed binding mode.Good metabolic stability of the indole compounds represents another positive attribute for further development.