INFLUENCE OF THE CRYSTAL GROWTHORIENTATION ON THE MICROSTRUCTUREIN HYPORAPIDSOLIDIFICATION

The solidified microstructure of Ni-5% Cu alloy is researched in the cool-ing velocity range of 13￣ 130 K /s with a zone melting unidirectional solidification ap-paratus. It indicates that the crystals with different crystal growth onentations have dif-ferent solidified microstructures in the condition of GL - 1300 K / cm, v = 500 um / sthe crystal with solidified onentation [100] is dendrite, while the crystal with solidifiedorientation [120] is superfine cell. The crystals have different superfine cellular spacingdue to the crystal growth orientation with GL= 1300 K / cm, v = 800 um / s superfinecellular spacing of the crystal with solidified orientation [100] is 28 um, and that of thecrystal with solidified orientation [211] is 16.5 um. In a grain, two parts have differentmicrostructures due to the different orientations under the same solidificationparameters. In hyporapid solidification, dendritic solidified orientation is not the pre-ferential direction [100], the preferential orientation is disposed in the superfine cellulargrowth process.

Microstructure Evolution and Growth Orientation of Directionally Solidified Mg–4 wt% Zn Alloy with Different Growth Rates

The microstructure evolution and growth orientation of directionally solidified Mg-4 wt% Zn alloy in the growth rate range from 20 to 200μm/s were investigated. A typical cellular structure was observed with a growth rate of 20 μm/s, and the cellular spacing was 115 μm. When the growth rate increased to 60 μm/s, cellular structure with some developed perturbations was obtained and the cellular spacing was 145 μm, suggesting that the cell-to-dendrite transition happened at the growth rate lower than 60 μm/s. As the growth rate further increased, the microstructure was dendritic and the primary dendritic arm spacing decreased. The relationship between the primary dendritic arm spacings and the growth rates was in good agreement with Trivedi model during dendritic growth. Besides, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses showed that the growth direction of directionally solidified Mg-4 wt% Zn alloy was （1120） lay in {0002} crystal plane, and the preferred orientation was explained with the lattice vibration model for one-dimensional monatomic chain.

超高温氧化物共晶复合陶瓷研究进展

超高温氧化物共晶复合陶瓷具有优异的力学性能、高温组织稳定性、抗氧化和抗腐蚀性能,被认为是1400℃以上高温富氧环境长时稳定服役的理想高温结构材料,近年来受到世界各国学者的广泛关注。系统介绍了氧化物共晶复合陶瓷的发展现状,对近年来本领域取得的重要进展进行了总结和分析,同时结合作者在本领域的研究,重点阐述了超高温度梯度定向凝固氧化物共晶复合陶瓷的组织特征、凝固特性、以及晶体取向/结构特征和力学性能,最后对氧化物共晶复合陶瓷今后的发展趋势和突破点进行了展望。

亚快速凝固结晶取向对结晶形态选择的影响

采用区域熔化定向凝固装置，对冷却速度在１３～１３０Ｋ／ｓ范围内Ｎｉ－５％Ｃｕ合金的结晶形貌研究表明：在温度梯度１３００Ｋ／ｃｍ条件下，晶体生长速度ｖ＝５００μｍ／ｓ时，不同结晶取向晶粒的结晶形貌不同；当晶体生长速度ｖ＝８００μｍ／ｓ时，不同结晶取向晶粒的细胞晶间距不同，亚快速凝固条件下，晶体生长方向对结晶形貌的影响非常显著．

定向凝固Tb_(0.3)Dy_(0.7)Fe_(1.95)合金的取向与组织研究

利用区熔定向凝固设备制备了Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.95合金,研究了不同定向凝固生长速度下Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.95合金的轴向择优取向、晶体的生长方式、结晶形貌的变化规律以及它们之间的关系。结果表明,随着定向凝固生长速度V从低速10μm/s逐步增大到380μm/s,Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.95合金的轴向择优取向从〈110〉方向转变为〈311〉及〈110〉、〈211〉、〈533〉多种混合轴向取向,之后又转变为原来的〈110〉方向,当V≥350μm/s后,轴向择优取向变得不明显。在整个过程中出现了2个不稳定过渡阶段,即180μm/s<V<250μm/s和270μm/s<V<350μm/s。在不同的生长速度范围内晶体的生长方式逐渐由小平面生长向非小平面生长过渡,而结晶形貌依次为平面晶、胞状晶、胞枝晶和树枝晶。

亚快速凝固枝胞的转变

采用区域熔化定向凝固技术,研究了冷速在26～130K/s范围内Ni—5％Cu合金的组织转变过程。试验结果表明:在温度梯度1300K/cm情况下,生长速度在500～700μm/s区间上,结晶形貌发生枝胞转变。温度梯度对亚快速凝固组织影响很大。晶体生长方向影响结晶形态选择。

隔热挡板厚度对DD6单晶高温合金凝固组织的影响

单晶凝固过程中隔热挡板的控制对温度梯度及温度场均匀性有重要影响,进而会影响到单晶凝固组织,因此需要对隔热挡板进行研究。采用第二代单晶高温合金DD6,研究了不同厚度隔热挡板对DD6单晶高温合金凝固组织的影响。结果表明,随着隔热挡板厚度增加,单晶凝固过程中温度梯度降低,但晶体生长方向与[001]偏离度变小。此外,随着隔热挡板厚度增加,DD6单晶高温合金一次枝晶间距增大,γ-γ′共晶含量和尺寸增加,枝晶干与枝晶间的铸态γ′尺寸略有增加,合金主要元素偏析加大。