Tunable dispersion relations manipulated by strain in skyrmion-based magnonic crystals

We theoretically investigate the propagation characteristics of spin waves in skyrmion-based magnonic crystals. It is found that the dispersion relation can be manipulated by strains through magneto-elastic coupling. Especially, the allowed bands and forbidden bands in dispersion relations shift to higher frequency with strain changing from compressive to tensile,while shifting to lower frequency with strain changing from tensile to compressive. We also confirm that the spin wave with specific frequency can pass the magnonic crystal or be blocked by tuning the strains. The result provides an advanced platform for studying the tunable skyrmion-based spin wave devices.

CDBS:基于CRYSTALS-Dilithium算法的盲签名方案

为了应对传统盲签名方案在用户端、签名方和验证者交互过程中无法抵御量子计算攻击的这一难题,以NIST选定的后量子数字签名算法CRYSTALS-Dilithium为基础框架,设计了一种新型抗量子计算攻击的盲签名方案CDBS。整体方案采用Fiat-Shamir签名结构,包括密钥生成、盲化、签名、去盲和验证5个阶段,方案内部结合拒绝采样技术防止密钥泄露,使用NTT算法优化多项式计算以提高签名和验证效率。分析表明,所提方案安全性依赖于模误差学习(MLWE)问题和小整数解(SIS)问题,同时满足正确性、盲性和不可伪造性。与其他基于格的盲签名方案相比,所提方案具有较高的安全性,且签名生成过程更高效,占用开销更小。在相同样本参数设置下,所提方案整体开销仅为MBS方案的67.1%。经软件测试验证,实现一次完整的盲签名和验证过程平均仅需657.65μs。所提方案为CRYSTALS-Dilithium数字签名算法的拓展应用提供了参考。

Fcc/hcp PtNi heterostructured alloy nanocrystals with ultrathin Pt shell for enhanced catalytic performance towards hydrogen evolution reaction

To ensure the green and sustainable advancement of hydrogen energy, there is a critical need for the development of a cost-effective catalyst to address the sluggish kinetics of water electrolysis under alkaline conditions. An approach to achieve this is by constructing ultrathin Pt shell-structured catalysts that offer enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction performance through modulation of the inner core while minimizing costs. Herein, an ultrathin Pt shell catalyst with an inner core consisting of a PtNi face-centered cubic and hexagonal-close-packed mixed-phase interface (named PtNi-mix) is synthesized through a pre-synthesis method followed by post-acid etching process. Encouragingly, the PtNi-mix catalyst only requires 12.9 mV overpotential to achieve a current density of 10 mA·cm^(-2) in 1 M KOH, which is much lower than that of the commercial 20 wt.% Pt/C catalyst (71.2 mV). Also, it possesses a high mass activity (7.2 A·mg^(-1)) at an overpotential of 70 mV, which is 9 times higher than that of the commercial 20 wt.% Pt/C catalyst. Additionally, the performance of the PtNi-mix catalyst remains almost unchanged after 10,000 cyclic voltammetry tests, indicating that the catalyst exhibits excellent stability.

High-precision X-ray polarimeter based on channel-cut crystals

We report on using synthetic silicon for a high-precision X-ray polarimeter comprising a polarizer and an analyzer,each based on a monolithic channel-cut crystal used at multiple Brewster reflections with a Bragg angle very close to 45°.Experiments were performed at the BL09B bending magnet beamline of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility using a Si(800)crystal at an X-ray energy of 12.914 keV.A polarization purity of 8.4×10^(-9)was measured.This result is encouraging,as the measured polarization purity is the best-reported value for the bending magnet source.Notably,this is the firstly systematic study on the hard X-ray polarimeter in China,which is crucial for exploring new physics,such as verifying vacuum birefringence.

Etching of quartz crystals in liquid phase environment:A review

Quartz crystals are the most widely used material in resonant sensors,owing to their excellent piezoelectric and mechanical properties.With the development of portable and wearable devices,higher processing efficiency and geometrical precision are required.Wet etching has been proven to be the most efficient etching method for large-scale production of quartz devices,and many wet etching approaches have been developed over the years.However,until now,there has been no systematic review of quartz crystal etching in liquid phase environments.Therefore,this article provides a comprehensive review of the development of wet etching processes and the achievements of the latest research in thisfield,covering conventional wet etching,additive etching,laser-induced backside wet etching,electrochemical etching,and electrochemical discharge machining.For each technique,a brief overview of its characteristics is provided,associated problems are described,and possible solutions are discussed.This review should provide an essential reference and guidance for the future development of processing strategies for the manufacture of quartz crystal devices.

Formation and Properties of Organic Long Persistent Luminescence Crystals Containing Benzidine Derivatives by Melt Crystallization

Organic molecules that exhibit long persistent luminescence (LPL) are rapidly gaining attention for a variety of applications. In this study, organic molecules with simple structures were selected and organic long persistent luminescence (OLPL) crystals were prepared. The crystal structure of the prepared OLPL crystal was elucidated and the guideline for the design of OLPL crystal was clarified. LPL was observed in OLPL crystals prepared with TMB as the guest molecule and 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane as the host molecule. XRD measurements of the OLPL crystals suggest that the guest molecule is a solid solution substituted in the stable crystal structure of the host molecule in a lattice-shrinking direction.

Tunable topological edge state in plasma photonic crystals

In this study, we found a kind of edge state located at the interface between plasma photonic crystals(PPCs) and traditional photonic crystals, which depends on the property of the photonic band gap rather than the surface defect. Simulation and theoretical analysis show that by adjusting the plasma density, we can change the topological characteristics of the photonic band gap of PPCs. This makes it different from the photonic band gap of traditional PCs, and thus excites or closes the topological edge states. We further discussed the influence of plasma parameters on edge state characteristics, and the results showed that as the plasma density increased, the first photonic band gap(PBG) of the PPCs closed and then reopened, resulting in band inversion and a change in the PBG properties of the PPCs. We can control the generation of edge states through plasma and adjust the frequency and strength of the edge states. After the appearance of edge states, as the plasma density further increases, the first PBG of the PPCs will shift towards high frequencies and deepen. The frequency of edge states will shift towards higher frequencies, and their strength will also increase. We increased the first PBG depth of the PPCs by increasing the number of arrays and found that when the number of the PPCs arrays increased, only the intensity of the edge states would increase while the frequency remained unchanged. Therefore, flexible adjustment of edge state frequency and intensity can be achieved through plasma density and array quantity parameters. Our study demonstrates the properties of topological edge states in plasma photonic crystals, which we believe can provide some guidance for applications based on edge states.

Reconfigurable(4, 6^(2)) and(4, 8^(2)) Archimedean plasma photonic crystals in dielectric barrier discharge

Archimedean photonic crystal has become a research area of great interest due to its various unique properties. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the realization of reconfigurable(4, 6^(2))and(4, 8^(2)) Archimedean plasma photonic crystals(APPCs) by use of dielectric barrier discharges in air. Dynamical control on both the macrostructures including the lattice symmetry and the crystal orientation, and the microstructures including the fine structures of scattering elements has been achieved. The formation mechanisms of APPCs are studied by time-resolved measurements together with numerical simulations. Large omnidirectional band gaps of APPCs have been obtained. The tunable topology of APPCs may offer new opportunities for fabricating multi-functional and highly-integrated microwave devices.

The effect of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer on the formation process of wax crystals and hydrates

Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer(EVA)as a kind of effective polymeric pour point depressant has been extensively used in the pipeline transportation of crude oil to inhibit wax deposition and improve the low temperature fluidity of crude oil.In this work,molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the effect of EVA on wax-hydrate coexistence system to evaluate the application potentiality of EVA to the flow assurance of deep-sea oilegasewater multiphase flow system.Our simulation results reveal that wax molecules gradually stretched and stacked from random coiling to a directional and ordered crystalline state during the process of wax solidification.The strong affinity of polar vinyl acetate side chains of EVA to neighboring water molecules made the EVA molecule prefer being in a curly state,which disrupted the ordered crystallization of surrounding wax molecules and delayed the solidification rate of wax cluster.In addition,it is found that EVA cocrystallized with wax molecules to form eutectic when the wax was fully solidified.The simulation results of hydrate nucleation and growth show that the EVA molecule displayed a two-sided effect on gas adsorption of wax crystals,which was the key factor that affected the nucleation and growth of hydrates in the methane-water system.The nonpolar hydrocarbon backbone of EVA increased the diffusion rate of methane and water,allowing more methane to diffuse to the surface of wax crystals,reducing the methane concentration in aqueous solutions and inhibiting the hydrate formation.On the other hand,the nonpolar vinyl acetate chains had a repulsive effect on methane,which reduced the adsorption area of methane on the eutectic surface and decreased the adsorption threshold value of the wax crystal.The excluded methane molecules would continue dissociating in the aqueous phase and participating in the nucleation and growth process of hydrates.Therefore,the probability of hydrate formation would be increased.It was worth noting that the inhibition performance of EVA on hydrate formation mainly played a significant role in the system with small wax crystal,while its hydrate promotion effect played a dominant role in the system with lager wax crystal.In summary,EVA could significantly inhibit both of the wax and hydrate deposition for the waxgas-water multiphase system with low wax content.When the wax content in the system was high,the role of EVA was mainly played in the alleviation of wax crystallization rather than the gas hydrates.The results of the present work can contribute to a better understanding of EVA on wax deposition and hydrate formation,and provide theoretical support of the potential industrial applications of EVA.

THE EXISTENCE AND UNIQUENESS OF TIME-PERIODIC SOLUTIONS TO THE NON-ISOTHERMAL MODEL FOR COMPRESSIBLE NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALS IN A PERIODIC DOMAIN

In this paper,we are concerned with a three-dimensional non-isothermal model for the compressible nematic liquid crystal flows in a periodic domain.Under some smallness and structural assumptions imposed on the time-periodic force,we establish the existence of the time-periodic solutions to the system by using a regularized approximation scheme and the topological degree theory.We also prove a uniqueness result via energy estimates.

Analysis of deformation mechanisms in magnesium single crystals using a dedicated four-point bending tester

In this study,we explored the deformation mechanisms of Mg single crystals using a combination of scanning electron microscopy and electron backscattered diffraction in conjunction with a dedicated four-point bending tester.We prepared two single-crystal samples,oriented along the<1120>and<1010>directions,to assess the mechanisms of deformation when the initial basal slip was suppressed.In the<1120>sample,the primary{1012}twin(T1)was confirmed along the<1120>direction of the sample on the compression side with an increase in bending stress.In the<1010>sample,T1 and the secondary twin(T2)were confirmed to be along the<1120>direction,with an orientation of±60°with respect to the bending stress direction,and their direction matched with(0001)in T1 and T2.This result implies that crystallographically,the basal slip occurs readily.In addition,the<1010>sample showed the double twin in T1 on the compression side and the tertiary twin along the<1010>direction on the tension side.These results demonstrated that the maximum bending stress and displacement changed significantly under the bend loading because the deformation mechanisms were different for these single crystals.Therefore,the correlation between bending behavior and twin orientation was determined,which would be helpful for optimizing the bending properties of Mg-based materials.

Sensing the heavy water concentration in an H_(2)O-D_(2)O mixture by solid-solid phononic crystals

A new method based on phononic crystals is presented to detect the concentration of heavy water(D_(2)O)in an H_(2)O-D_(2)O mixture.Results have been obtained and analyzed in the concentration range of 0%-10%and 90%-100%D_(2)O.A proposed structure of tungsten scatterers in an aluminum host is studied.In order to detect the target material,a cavity region is considered as a sound wave resonator in which the target material with different concentrations of D_(2)O is embedded.By changing the concentration of D_(2)O in the H_(2)O-D_(2)O mixture,the resonance frequency undergoes a frequency shift.Each 1%change in D_(2)O concentration in the H_(2)O-D_(2)O mixture causes a frequency change of about 120 Hz.The finite element method is used as the numerical method to calculate and analyze the natural frequencies and transmission spectra of the proposed sensor.The performance evaluation index shows a high Q factor up to 1475758 and a high sensitivity up to 13075,which are acceptable values for sensing purposes.The other figures of merit related to the detection performance also indicate high-quality performance of the designed sensor.

Topological edge and corner states of valley photonic crystals with zipper-like boundary conditions

We present a stable valley photonic crystal(VPC)unit cell with C_(3v)symmetric quasi-ring-shaped dielectric columns and realize its topological phase transition by breaking mirror symmetry.Based on this unit cell structure,topological edge states(TESs)and topological corner states(TCSs)are realized.We obtain a new type of wave transmission mode based on photonic crystal zipper-like boundaries and apply it to a beam splitter assembled from rectangular photonic crystals(PCs).The constructed beam splitter structure is compact and possesses frequency separation functions.In addition,we construct a box-shaped triangular PC structures with zipper-like boundaries and discover phenomena of TCSs in the corners,comparing its corner states with those formed by other boundaries.Based on this,we explore the regularities of the electric field patterns of TESs and TCSs,explain the connection between the characteristic frequencies and locality of TCSs,which helps better control photons and ensures low power consumption of the system.

WEAK-STRONG UNIQUENESS FOR THREE DIMENSIONAL INCOMPRESSIBLE ACTIVE LIQUID CRYSTALS

The hydrodynamics of active liquid crystal models has attracted much attention in recent years due to many applications of these models.In this paper,we study the weak-strong uniqueness for the Leray-Hopf type weak solutions to the incompressible active liquid crystals in R^(3).Our results yield that if there exists a strong solution,then it is unique among the Leray-Hopf type weak solutions associated with the same initial data.

Facet effects on bimetallic ZnSn hydroxide microcrystals for selective electrochemical CO_(2)reduction

Employing crystal facets to regulate the catalytic properties in electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction(eCO_(2)RR)has been well demonstrated on electrocatalysts containing single metals but rarely explored for bimetallic systems.Here,we synthesize ZnSn(OH)_(6)(ZSO)microcrystals(MCs)with distinct facets and investigate the facet effects in eCO_(2)RR.Electrochemical studies and in situ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(in situ-FTIR)reveal that ZSO MCs produce mainly C1 products of HCOOH and CO.The{111}facet of the ZSO MCS exhibits higher selectivity and faradaic efficiency(FE)than that of the{100}facet over a wide range of potentials(-0.9 V∼-1.3 V versus RHE).Density Functional Theory(DFT)calculations elucidate that the{111}facet is favorable to the adsorption/activation of CO_(2)molecules,the formation of intermediate in the rate-determining step,and the desorption of C1 products of CO and HCOOH molecules.

CRYSTALS-Kyber算法的IP核设计与验证方案研究

随着量子计算机的不断发展,现有的公钥密码算法随时面临着失效的危机。而抗量子密码(PQC)算法的出现,使得这一危机得到化解。与此同时,CRYSTALS-Kyber算法由于其安全性高、速度快等优点在美国国家标准与技术研究院(NIST)标准化算法中脱颖而出。为提高硬件实现的效率及安全性,提出了一种基于CRYSTALS-Kyber算法的知识产权(IP)核设计与验证的方案。介绍了该系统的硬件实现方法及其中包含的3个模块,密钥生成模块、加密模块和解密模块,研究了实现IP核的关键单元数论变换(NTT)、高级可扩展接口(AXI)以及仿真验证的具体方案,并对总体方案进行了可行性分析。

Understand anisotropy dependence of damage evolution and material removal during nanoscratch of MgF_(2) single crystals

To understand the anisotropy dependence of the damage evolution and material removal during the machining process of MgF_(2) single crystals,nanoscratch tests of MgF_(2) single crystals with different crystal planes and directions were systematically performed,and surface morphologies of the scratched grooves under different conditions were analyzed.The experimental results indicated that anisotropy considerably affected the damage evolution in the machining process of MgF_(2) single crystals.A stress field model induced by the scratch was developed by considering the anisotropy,which indicated that during the loading process,median cracks induced by the tensile stress initiated and propagated at the front of the indenter.Lateral cracks induced by tensile stress initiated and propagated on the subsurface during the unloading process.In addition,surface radial cracks induced by the tensile stress were easily generated during the unloading process.The stress change led to the deflection of the propagation direction of lateral cracks.Therefore,the lateral cracks propagated to the workpiece surface,resulting in brittle removal in the form of chunk chips.The plastic deformation parameter indicated that the more the slip systems were activated,the more easily the plastic deformation occurred.The cleavage fracture parameter indicated that the cracks propagated along the activated cleavage planes,and the brittle chunk removal was owing to the subsurface cleavage cracks propagating to the crystal surface.Under the same processing parameters,the scratch of the(001)crystal plane along the[100]crystal-orientation was found to be the most conducive to achieving plastic machining of MgF_(2) single crystals.The theoretical results agreed well with the experimental results,which will not only enhance the understanding of the anisotropy dependence of the damage evolution and removal process during the machining of MgF_(2) crystals,but also provide a theoretical foundation for achieving the high-efficiency and low-damage processing of anisotropic single crystals.

Centimeter-sized Cs_(3)Cu_(2)I_(5)single crystals grown by oleic acid assisted inverse temperature crystallization strategy and their films for high-quality X-ray imaging

Low-dimensional halide perovskites have become the most promising candidates for X-ray imaging,yet the issues of the poor chemical stability of hybrid halide perovskite,the high poisonousness of lead halides and the relatively low detectivity of the lead-free halide perovskites which seriously restrain its commercialization.Here,we developed a solution inverse temperature crystal growth(ITCG)method to bring-up high quality Cs_(3)Cu_(2)I_(5)crystals with large size of centimeter order,in which the oleic acid(OA)is introduced as an antioxidative ligand to inhibit the oxidation of cuprous ions effieiently,as well as to decelerate the crystallization rate remarkalby.Based on these fine crystals,the vapor deposition technique is empolyed to prepare high quality Cs_(3)Cu_(2)I_(5)films for efficient X-ray imaging.Smooth surface morphology,high light yields and short decay time endow the Cs_(3)Cu_(2)I_(5)films with strong radioluminescence,high resolution(12 lp/mm),low detection limits(53 nGyair/s)and desirable stability.Subsequently,the Cs_(3)Cu_(2)I_(5)films have been applied to the practical radiography which exhibit superior X-ray imaging performance.Our work provides a paradigm to fabricate nonpoisonous and chemically stable inorganic halide perovskite for X-ray imaging.

Melting of electronic/excitonic crystals in 2D semiconductor moirépatterns:A perspective from the Lindemann criterion

Using the Lindemann criterion,we analyzed the quantum and thermal melting of electronic/excitonic crystals recently discovered in two-dimensional(2D)semiconductor moirépatterns.We show that the finite 2D screening of the atomically thin material can suppress(enhance)the inter-site Coulomb(dipolar)interaction strength,thus inhibits(facilitates)the formation of the electronic(excitonic)crystal.Meanwhile,a strong enough moiréconfinement is found to be essential for realizing the crystal phase with a wavelength near 10 nm or shorter.From the calculated Lindemann ratio which quantifies the fluctuation of the site displacement,we estimate that the crystal will melt into a liquid above a critical temperature ranging from several tens Kelvin to above 100 K(depending on the system parameters).

Correction:Monodomain Liquid Crystals of Two‑Dimensional Sheets by Boundary‑Free Sheargraphy

In this article Florian Puchtler at affiliation‘University of Bayreuth’,Josef Breu at affiliation‘University of Bayreuth’,and Ziliang Wu at affiliation‘Zhejiang University’was missing from the author Min Cao,Senping Liu,Qingli Zhu,Ya Wang,Jingyu Ma,Zeshen Li,Dan Chang,Enhui Zhu,Xin Ming,Florian Puchtler,Josef Breu,Ziliang Wu,Yingjun Liu,Yanqiu Jiang,Zhen Xu,Chao Gao list.