The effects of Trichoderma on preventing cucumber fusarium wilt and regulating cucumber physiology

In our previous studies, we identified 3 Trichoderma strains with anti-Fusarium oxysporum activity, including T. asperellum 525, T. harzianum 610, and T. pseudokoningii 886. Here, we evaluated the effects of these 3 Trichoderma strains on preventing cucumber fusarium wilt through pot culture and greenhouse culture experiments. All 3 Trichoderma strains demonstrated higher control effects toward cucumber fusarium wilt than previous studies, with efficacies over 78%. Additionally, inoculation with the 3 Trichoderma strains significantly promoted the quality and yield of cucumbers. Among the 3 strains, Trichoderma 866 was the most effective, with disease control efficacy of 78.64% and a cucumber yield increase of 33%. Furthermore, seedlings inoculated with Trichoderma exhibited significantly increased measures of plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, aboveground fresh weight, underground fresh weight, chlorophyll content, and nitric nitrogen content, as well as the activities of several stress-resistance enzymes, including superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT), polyphenol oxidase(PPO), and ascorbate oxidase(AAO). In addition, the plants inoculated with Trichoderma showed decreased cell membrane permeability and malondialdehyde(MDA) content in the leaves. Together, our results suggest that T. asperellum 525, T. harzianum 610, and T. pseudokoningii 886 inoculations inhibit F. oxysporum infection, stimulate the metabolism in cucumbers, and enhance the activities of stress-resistance enzymes, which consequently promote the growth of cucumber plants, prevent cucumber fusarium wilt, and improve the yield and quality of cucumbers. T. harzianum is a commonly used biocontrol fungus, while few studies have focused on T. asperellum or T. koningense. In this study, strains of T. asperellum and T. pseudokoningii showed excellent plant disease prevention and growth promoting effects on cucumber, indicating that they also have great potential as biocontrol fungi.

Alleviating Effect of Phenol Compounds on Cucumber Fusarium Wilt and Mechanism

The amount of phenol compounds in the soil increased after adding organic material into the soil. It was found that p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid and frulic acid alleviated Fusarium wilt of cucumber, the alleviating effect of p-hydroxybenzoic acid was the best, followed by p-coumaric acid and frulic acid. The total amount of bacterial, actinomyces and fungus in high phenol compounds treatment decreased than that of control treatment, while the microorganisms’ amount in low phenol compounds treatment increased. Phenol compounds inhibit the growth of pathogen.

Progresses in the Mechanism of Resistance to Fusarium Wilt in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum （Owen） is one of the most devastating diseases in cucumber production worldwide. Recent progresses in the mechanism of resistance to Fusarium wilt in cucumber were reviewed in this paper, including pathogenic mechanism of Fusarium oxysporum, the resistance mechanism of cucumber, the heredity of resistance, and the location of resistance genes. Following works should be the location and cloning of resistance genes with molecular biologic methods.

Effects of Neodymium Application Mode on Resistance to Fusarium Wilts in Cucumbers

The effects of neodymium application mode on the disease index, PAL, POD and PPO activity, content of lignin and generation rate of ·O2^- in cucumbers were investigated by pot experiment. The results suggest that the disease index decreases after spraying Nd^3＋. Relative protection effects of at-the-same-time-group, induced-group and therapy-group are 7.51%, 27.14% and 11.51%. The PAL activity of Nd ＋ Fo treatment in at-the-same-time-group, induced-group and therapy-group increases by 9.86%, 48.57% and 4.97% respectively compared with that of Fo treatment. The POD activity decreases by 27.52%, 35.87% and 7.67%. The PPO activity increases by 5.75%, 36.58% and 52.19%. The ·O2^- generation rate decreases by 9.49%, 28.08% and 25. 21%.

A bHLH transcription factor,CsSPT,regulates high-temperature resistance in cucumber

High-temperature stress threatens the growth and yield of crops. Basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH) transcription factors(TFs) have been shown to play important roles in regulating high-temperature resistance in plants. However, the bHLH TFs responsible for high-temperature tolerance in cucumbers have not been identified. We used transcriptome profiling to screen the high temperature-responsive candidate bHLH TFs in cucumber. Here, we found that the expression of 75 CsbHLH genes was altered under high-temperature stress. The expression of the CsSPT gene was induced by high temperatures in TT(Thermotolerant) cucumber plants. However, the Csspt mutant plants obtained by the CRISPR-Cas9 system showed severe thermosensitive symptoms, including wilted leaves with brown margins and reduced root density and cell activity.The Csspt mutant plants also exhibited elevated H_(2)O_(2) levels and down-regulated photosystem-related genes under normal conditions.Furthermore, there were high relative electrolytic leakage(REC), malondialdehyde(MDA), glutathione(GSH), and superoxide radical(O_(2)^(·-)) levels in the Csspt mutant plants, with decreased Proline content after the high-temperature treatment. Transcriptome analysis showed that the photosystem and chloroplast activities in Csspt mutant plants were extremely disrupted by the high-temperature stress compared with wildtype(WT) plants. Moreover, the plant hormone signal transduction, as well as MAPK and calcium signaling pathways were activated in Csspt mutant plants under high-temperature stress. The HSF and HSP family genes shared the same upregulated expression patterns in Csspt and WT plants under high-temperature conditions. However, most bHLH, NAC, and bZIP family genes were significantly down-regulated by heat in Csspt mutant plants. Thus, these results demonstrated that CsSPT regulated the high-temperature response by recruiting photosynthesis components, signaling pathway molecules, and transcription factors. Our results provide important insights into the heat response mechanism of CsSPT in cucumber and its potential as a target for breeding heat-resistant crops.

Controlling of Fusarium Wilt of Cucumber by Antagonistic Bacteria

Studying about the effect of four pseudomonas and two serratia isolates on growth of Fusarium oxysporum showed that, Pseudomonasfluorescens No.2 ＆ No.3 and Serratia marcescens No.2 gave highest inhibition zones which were 37.33, 35,00 and 31.33 mm, respectively. Evaluating about the effect ofpseudomonas and serratia culture filtrates at three concentrations （10, 25, 50%） on the linear growth and spore germination ofFusarium oxysporum revealed that, all filtrates of the tested isolates reduced the mycelial growth and spore germination of F. oxysporum. All filtrates of the tested isolates at 50% concentration completely inhabited spore germination ofF. oxysporurn. Culture filtrates of Pseudomonasputida and Serratia marcensens No.2 at 50% concentration reduced the mycelial growth of F. oxysporurn by 80.74 and 80.37% respectively. In this respect, all tested isolates made lysis to mycelial of F. oxysporum except Pseudornonasfluorescens No.3. Effect of treating cucumber seeds with cell suspension of pseudomonas and serratia isolates on incidence of Fusarium wilt disease revealed that all isolates were effective in reducing disease incidence and disease severity and increasing the percentage of healthy plants compared to the control. Pseudornonasfluorescens No.3 and Serratia marcensens No.2 were the best isolates and completely prevented the disease incidence.

Identification and fine mapping of qSW2 for leaf slow wilting in soybean

Drought is one of the abiotic stresses limiting the production of soybean(Glycine max).Elucidation of the genetic and molecular basis of the slow-wilting(SW)trait of this crop offers the prospect of its genetic improvement.A panel of 188 accessions and a set of recombinant inbred lines produced from a cross between cultivars Liaodou 14 and Liaodou 21 were used to identify quantitative-trait loci(QTL)associated with SW.Plants were genotyped by Specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing and seedling leaf wilting was assessed under three water-stress treatments.A genome-wide association study identified 26 SW-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs),including three located in a 248-kb linkage-disequilibrium(LD)block on chromosome 2.Linkage mapping revealed a major-effect QTL,qSW2,associated with all three treatments and adjacent to the LD block.Fine mapping in a BC_(2)F_(3) population derived from a backcross between Liaodou 21 and R26 confined qSW2 to a 60-kb interval.Gene expression and sequence variation analysis identified the gene Glyma.02 g218100,encoding an auxin transcription factor,as a candidate gene for qSW2.Our results will contribute significantly to improving drought-resistant soybean cultivars by providing genetic information and resources.

Reactions of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) Progenies to Fusarium Wilt Disease Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Elaeidis under Natural Infection

The oil palm (Elaeisguineensis Jacq) is used worldwide in commercial agriculture for the production of palm oil, palm kernel oil and palm wine. It produces more oil per plant than any other oil-producing crop in the world. Production is constrained by several factors among which pests/diseases are of utmost importance. Vascular wilt (VW) caused by Fusarium oxysporum is the most devastating disease infecting this crop. Its soil-borne ecology has made the use of fungicides to manage this disease too expensive and inpragmatic. There is need for concerted research in the breeding and selection of wilt-tolerant progenies as an essential step in the management of Fusarium wilt disease. The study aims to assess the incidence and severity of vascular wilt among tested oil palm progenies, to evaluate the reduction in yield caused by the disease in the susceptible progenies and to identify the wilt-tolerant, high-yielding progenies. The study was carried out at Pamol Plantations Limited (PPL) in Ndian Estate (Ndian Division), in the Southwest Region of Cameroon. Three field trials were evaluated for tolerance/susceptibility to Fusarium wilt. Each trial consisted of 15 oil palm progenies replicated 4 times. Each progeny had 25 oil palm stands in each replicate. Hence, a total of 1500 oil palm stands were assessed. The experimental design was a randomized complete block (RCB) with trial codes: Trial 2001/1, planted in 2001;Trial 2001/2, planted in 2002;Trial 2001/3, planted in 2003. Each trail had an area of 12 ha, with a plant density of 143 palms·ha−1. Wilt incidence, severity, index, and yield were evaluated on 45 progenies from the 3 trails after identifying Fusarium oxysporum from oil palm plant part. Data was subjected to analysis of variance, Fischer’s least significant difference test (LSD) for mean separation. Identification of Fusarium was based on descriptive analysis. Incidence of VW in the 3 trials ranged from 1% - 39%. Also, 45% of infected plants were from progeny 676 while 1% was from progenies 689, 693, 694 and 710. Disease severity was from 0.9 in progeny 686 to 4.55 in 676. Wilt index ranged from 131 for progeny 694 and 710 to 495 for progenies 705. Out of the 45 progenies evaluated, 27 were tolerant (1 < 100) and 18 susceptible (1 ≥ 100). Within the tolerant progenies, 4 were significant (1 < 20) while 5 out of 18 were significantly susceptible (1 ≥ 185). Mean yield reduction of the susceptible progenies was 34.8% while in the tolerant progenies, it increased by 9.5% when compared to their controls. Progenies 702, 703 and 709 are recommended for planting based on the level of tolerance to Fusarium wilt disease and yield.

Transcriptomic analysis on cucumber tendril reveals GLRs play important roles in thigmotropism and thigmomorphogenesis

Thigmotropism and thigmomorphogenesis are two related and pervasive processes that play crucial roles in plant adaptation to the environment.However,there have been few investigations into the molecular regulatory mechanisms of these phenomena.Cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)tendrils are ideal material for studying thigmotropism and thigmomorphogenesis because they display a combination of the two processes.Here,we generated the transcriptome profiles of cucumber tendrils at the young,stretch,and coiling stages.Genes related to receptor proteins,transmembrane transport,and ion transport were significantly enriched among those differentially expressed between stages.Pharmacological assays illustrated that three GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR(GLR)genes might play a vital function in perceiving or transducing touch stimulation signals.Comparing the transcriptomes of tendrils and roots after touch stimulation,we found that genes related to extracellular stimulus and xyloglucan metabolism might have conserved functions in the regulation of thigmomorphogenesis.The transcriptome atlas of thigmotropism and thigmomorphogenesis of cucumber tendrils constructed in this study will help further elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind these processes.

The intrinsic developmental age signal defines an age-dependent climbing behavior in cucumber

The tendril is a climbing organ in cucurbits and functions in physical support and to avoid shading by neighboring vegetation.However,how cucurbits produce tendrils to obtain climbing ability is largely unknown.In this study,tendril phenotypes were investigated during different developmental stages.Our results revealed that tendril growth exhibited an age-dependent pattern in cucurbits.Tendril growth was inhibited,and the tendril was formed as a short tendril[nonfunctional tendril(nonF-tendril),approximately 0.1 cm]during the seedling stage.In contrast,enhanced cell proliferation and cell expansion led to rapid elongation of the tendril during the climbing stage,and the tendril formed as a functional tendril(F-tendril,approximately 30 cm)to obtain climbing ability.RT-qPCR detection showed that age-dependent tendril growth correlated negatively with the abundance of the conserved age regulator CsmiR156.Defoliation induced CsmiR156 to inhibit CsSPLs,and F-tendril formation and climbing ability were delayed in defoliated cucumbers,which confirmed the role of CsmiR156 in regulating tendril growth in vivo.Additionally,exogenous gibberellin(GA)treatment showed that GA positively regulated tendril growth,and RT-qPCR detection showed that the GA bio-synthetic genes and metabolic genes were affected by age pathway,suggesting that the age pathway depended on GA bio-synthetic and metabolic pathway to regulate cell expansion to determine tendril growth.In summary,our work reveals that change in tendril type is an important marker of phase transition in cucumber,and tendril growth is regulated by an intrinsic developmental age signal,ensuring that the cucumber obtains climbing ability at a suitable age.

The bHLH transcription factor CsPIF4 positively regulates high temperature-induced hypocotyl elongation in cucumber

High temperature-induced hypocotyl elongation is a typical thermomorphogenesis trait that may significantly affect early seedling growth and subsequent crop yield.The ambient temperature and endogenous auxin are two critical factors that regulate hypocotyl growth.However,the mechanism of temperature and auxin integration in horticultural plants remains poorly understood.In this study,the roles of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor CsPIF4 in regulating auxin biosynthesis genes and the auxin content in the hypocotyl of cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)seedlings under high temperature were investigated.qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization analysis revealed that expression of CsPIF4 was enhanced in the epidermis and vascular bundles in the hypocotyl of cucumber seedlings in response to high temperature.qRT-PCR and HPLC analysis showed that CsPIF4 positively regulated transcription of the auxin biosynthesis gene CsYUC8 and the auxin content in the hypocotyl under high temperature(35℃).The CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of CsPIF4 resulted in a shorter hypocotyl compared with that of the wild type,together with decreased expression of CsYUC8 and lower auxin content in response to high temperature.Furthermore,biochemical assays showed that CsPIF4 could bind directly to the G-box motif of the CsYUC8 promoter and thereby activate CsYUC8 expression.These findings provide insight into the molecular mechanism of high temperature-mediated hypocotyl elongation in cucumber.

A mutation in the promoter of the yellow stripe-like transporter gene in cucumber results in a yellow cotyledon phenotype

Leaf color mutants in higher plants are considered to be ideal materials for studying the chlorophyll biosynthesis,photosynthesis mechanism and chloroplast development.Herein,we identified a spontaneous mutant,yc412,in cultivated cucumber that exhibited yellow cotyledons.The yellow-lethal mutant was diagnosed with an abnormal chloroplast ultrastructure,and reduced photosynthetic capacity and pigment content.Through bulked segregant analysis-based whole-genome sequencing and fine genetic mapping,we narrowed the yellow cotyledons (yc) locus to a 96.8 kb interval on chromosome 3.By resequencing and molecular cloning,we showed that Csyc is a potential candidate gene,which encodes a yellow stripe-like (YSL) transporter.The T to C mutation in the promoter region of Csyc caused the yellow cotyledon phenotype in yc412.Compared to YZU027A (WT),the expression of Csyc was significantly downregulated in the cotyledons of yc412.Silencing of Csyc in cucumber via virus-induced gene silencing resulted in chlorotic leaves,mainly by suppressing the chlorophyll content.Furthermore,a comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that chloroplast-related genes and chlorophyll biosynthesis genes were significantly downregulated in yc412 cotyledons.Our results provide new insights into the molecular function of the YSL transporter in plant chloroplast development and chlorophyll synthesis.

Impact of alcoholic extract from sea cucumber(Holothuria parva)on letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome in adult female rats

Objective:To explore the potential therapeutic impact of an alcoholic extract derived from the sea cucumber(Holothuria parva)on letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)in adult female Sprague-Dawley rats.Methods:Sixteen female rats,aged 8 to 10 weeks,with a mean weight of(200±20)g,were randomly assigned to four groups:the control,PCOS,and two treatment groups receiving sea cucumber extract and metformin,respectively.PCOS was induced by administering letrozole at a dose of 1 mg/kg to initiate the treatment period at 60 days of age.The study spanned four weeks,during which ovarian and uterine tissues were collected for histological examination,and blood samples were collected for hormonal levels.Results:Significant decreases in luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating hormone(LH/FSH)and testosterone and increases progesterone levels among groups treated with sea cucumber extract were observed.While no significant differences were observed in follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)and testosterone levels,the distinctive variations in key hormones suggested a potential role for sea cucumber alcoholic extract in ameliorating PCOS symptoms.Conclusions:This research highlights the moderate efficacy of sea cucumber extract as a therapeutic intervention for PCOS,providing a novel perspective in the search for effective remedies.The observed hormonal alterations,particularly in LH,estradiol,and progesterone,underscore the need for further exploration into the underlying mechanisms and for optimizing the application of sea cucumber extract in PCOS management.

Sea Cucumber Fishery in Aurora, Philippines

This study was conducted to provide a preliminary assessment of the sea cucumber fishery in Aurora, Philippines. This was conducted from February to June 2013. All sea cucumber gatherers and traders, obtained through snowball sampling, in each identified sea cucumber fishery area in six coastal municipalities (Baler, Dipaculao, Dinalungan, Casiguran, Dilasag and Dingalan) were interviewed using a structured interview schedule and focused group discussions (FGD). Results revealed that gathering sea cucumbers were accomplished by handpicking, skin diving or compressor diving. A total of 15 commercial species were regularly gathered. Out of this, three species are of very high economic value (≥Php 4000/kg) (Holothuria nobilis, Holothuria scabra, and Actinopyga lecanora). The average number of kilograms harvested per hour per trip ranges from 0.21 (Holothuria fuscopunctata) to 2.71 (Holothuria scabra), while the average size of commonly gathered sea cucumber varies among species with Holothuria lecanora showed an average length (29.26 cm) greater than recorded 24 cm. Processing mainly involves washing, slicing, boiling, drying and packing. Processed sea cucumbers or trepan were sold to middlemen or direct buyers who usually offered higher prices (36.36% up to 69.20%) than the former. Problems encountered by sea cucumber gatherers and traders include a decline in total catch, a shift in area of collection from intertidal zones to deeper waters, an increase in the number of hours spent in finding and gathering sea cucumbers, the use of compressors in gathering, the decline of larger species and gathering of smaller sizes in huge amount, the absence of conservation program for sea cucumber, and the lenient implementation of government policies with regards to coastal resources management.

Expression analysis of the R2R3-MYB gene family in upland cotton and functional study of GhMYB3D5 in regulating Verticillium wilt resistance

Improving plant resistance to Verticillium wilt(VW),which causes massive losses in Gossypium hirsutum,is a global challenge.Crop plants need to efficiently allocate their limited energy resources to maintain a balance between growth and defense.However,few transcriptional regulators specifically respond to Verticillium dahliae and the underlying mechanism has not been identified in cotton.In this study,we found that the that expression of most R2R3-MYB members in cotton is significantly changed by V.dahliae infection relative to the other MYB types.One novel R2R3-MYB transcription factor(TF)that specifically responds to V.dahliae,GhMYB3D5,was identified.GhMYB3D5 was not expressed in 15 cotton tissues under normal conditions,but it was dramatically induced by V.dahliae stress.We functionally characterized its positive role and underlying mechanism in VW resistance.Upon V.dahliae infection,the up-regulated GhMYB3D5 bound to the GhADH1 promoter and activated GhADH1expression.In addition,GhMYB3D5 physically interacted with GhADH1 and further enhanced the transcriptional activation of GhADH1.Consequently,the transcriptional regulatory module GhMYB3D5-GhADH1 then promoted lignin accumulation by improving the transcriptional levels of genes related to lignin biosynthesis(GhPAL,GhC4H,Gh4CL,and GhPOD/GhLAC)in cotton,thereby enhancing cotton VW resistance.Our results demonstrated that the GhMYB3D5 promotes defense-induced lignin accumulation,which can be regarded as an effective way to orchestrate plant immunity and growth.

Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis of CsFK111 Gene from Cucumbers

At the early stage,the transcriptome sequencing technique was used to detect the differentially expressed gene CsFK111 between vine cucumber and dwarf cucumber D0462.The gene was cloned,and bioinformatics software tools were used to analyze and predict the gene family and this gene.There were 30 members of the cucumber F-box gene family.The coding region of the cucumber CsFK111 gene was full-length 1314 bp,which encoded 437 amino acids and was predicted to be located in the nucleus.The protein encoded by this gene was a non-transmembrane protein,and the prediction of the secondary structure showed thatβ-lamellar structure and irregular crimp were dominant.A comparison of the phylogenetic tree showed that it was closest to cantaloupe and belonged to the same branch.The results provided a basis for future study on the regulation mechanism of the CsFK111 gene on cucumber dwarfing and also laid a foundation for further study of FBK family proteins.

An Improved YOLO Detection Approach for Pinpointing Cucumber Diseases and Pests

In complex agricultural environments,cucumber disease identification is confronted with challenges like symptom diversity,environmental interference,and poor detection accuracy.This paper presents the DM-YOLO model,which is an enhanced version of the YOLOv8 framework designed to enhance detection accuracy for cucumber diseases.Traditional detection models have a tough time identifying small-scale and overlapping symptoms,especially when critical features are obscured by lighting variations,occlusion,and background noise.The proposed DM-YOLO model combines three innovative modules to enhance detection performance in a collective way.First,the MultiCat module employs a multi-scale feature processing strategy with adaptive pooling,which decomposes input features into large,medium,and small scales.This approach ensures that high-level features are extracted and fused effectively,effectively improving the detection of smaller and complex patterns that are often missed by traditional methods.Second,the ADC2f module incorporates an attention mechanism and deep separable convolution,which allows the model to focus on the most relevant regions of the input features while reducing computational load.The identification and localization of diseases like downy mildew and powdery mildew can be enhanced by this combination in conditions of lighting changes and occlusion.Finally,the C2fe module introduces a Global Context Block that uses attention mechanisms to emphasize essential regions while suppressing those that are not relevant.This design enables the model to capture more contextual information,which improves detection performance in complex backgrounds and small-object scenarios.A custom cucumber disease dataset and the PlantDoc dataset were used for thorough evaluations.Experimental results showed that DM-YOLO achieved a mean Average Precision(mAP50)improvement of 1.2%p on the custom dataset and 3.2%p on the PlantDoc dataset over the baseline YOLOv8.These results highlight the model’s enhanced ability to detect small-scale and overlapping disease symptoms,demonstrating its effectiveness and robustness in diverse agricultural monitoring environments.Compared to the original algorithm,the improved model shows significant progress and demonstrates strong competitiveness when compared to other advanced object detection models.

5-Aminolevulinic acid against strawberry Fusarium wilt:Bidirectional regulation of biocontrol agents and pathogens

Strawberry Fusarium wilt (SFW) is a systematic soil-borne disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.fragaria (Fof),which infects the vascular bundles,blocking water and nutrient transport from roots to the aboveground.It is a severe pathogen which spreads rapidly and destroys strawberry production.Finding a way to control this disease is of great scientific value and practical importance.In this study,three fungi were isolated from the vascular tissues of sick strawberries in the field.After DNA sequencing,they were identified as Fof,Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichoderma harzianum,respectively,among which the first two are pathogens and the third is a probiotic.All fungi were controlled by thiophanate-methyl (TM),a commercial fungicide.On PDA medium,20 mg·L^(-1)5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA),a natural non-protein amino acid,promoted T.harzianum proliferation,but inhibited Fof and A.fumigatus.In confrontation test,the growth of Fof or A.fumigatus was inhibited by T.harzianum and exogenous ALA promoted T.harzianum growth but significantly inhibited the pathogen growth.When three species of fungi were separately or combinedly inoculated on healthy strawberry plants,T.harzianum promoted plant growth and development while Fof or A.fumigatus caused growth retardation,where Fof directly caused leaf yellowing and plant wilting.When the plants inoculated with different fungus were treated with ALA,the results turned out that ALA alleviated SFW symptoms by bidirectionally promoting T.harzianum proliferation and inhibiting Fof and A.fumigatus.Thus,ALA might be used in comprehensively controlling SFW in strawberry industry.

陆地棉种质资源抗黄萎病性状的SSR标记关联分析

对棉花抗黄萎病性状进行全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study,GWAS),发掘与其关联的标记位点、优异等位变异及典型材料,可为棉花抗黄萎病的分子育种提供理论依据。以403份陆地棉品种(系)资源为材料,利用覆盖全基因组的、有多态性的201对SSR标记,对3个环境的抗黄萎病性状进行基于混合线性模型(mixed linear model,MLM)的全基因组关联分析,检测与抗病性状显著关联的位点、优异等位变异及优异典型材料。结果表明,3个环境下各材料的相对病指平均值为53.45,平均变异系数为36.85%,平均偏度系数为-0.46,平均峰度系数为-0.31;201对引物共产生394个等位变异位点,GWAS结果表明有11个位点能同时在2个环境中检测到,其中有2个位点NAU2437b和NAU3493b能同时在3个环境中检测到;结合育种实际,发掘出含有优异等位变异的典型材料7份,其中鲁棉研28同时含有9个优异等位变异;从各材料不同生态区来源分析,来源于黄河流域棉区的材料具有较低的平均表型效应。

生物胁迫下黄瓜酵母双杂交cDNA文库构建与鉴定

以黄瓜抗病高代自交系D9320为试验材料,采用Gateway技术构建了黄瓜霜霉病和棒孢叶斑病菌胁迫下黄瓜酵母双杂交cDNA文库。结果表明:酵母文库克隆数为350个,文库滴度为3.5×10^(7)CFU/mL,重组率达到100%,插入片段长度在750~2000bp,平均片段长度超过1000bp。文库容量和重组率及插入片段大小均说明霜霉病菌和棒孢叶斑病菌胁迫下黄瓜酵母双杂交cDNA文库构建成功,可用于黄瓜双抗机制互作蛋白的筛选。