Effect of Algae on Melon(Cucumis melo subsp.agrestis var.conomon)Growth and Development under Drought-Stress Conditions

Due to climate change,it is necessary to develop plant varieties that are resilient to climate conditions and resistant to abiotic and biotic stresses.The use of microalgae,which are microorganisms that contain carbohydrates,proteins,lipids,and vitamins,against drought tolerance is a new approach.The aim of the current study was to determine the drought-related mechanisms in the conomon melon genotype and develop drought-tolerant melon cultivars.Morphological,physiological,pomological,and molecular analyses were carried out on the algae-treated genotypes.It has been determined that commercial algae application provides the best results in leaf temperature,leaf relative water contents(LRWC),plant height,fruit length,fruit diameter,and yield,while Cag Cag(a special river in the region)stream algae application gives better results in main stem diameter.It was determined that the number of nodes in the control(without algae)plots was higher than in the other two treatments.Yield and LRWC and plant height values of genotype 7 were the best values among other genotypes.The leaf temperature measurement was lower on genotype 9 than on the other genotypes.While the highest fruit length value was measured in genotype 1,genotype 8 was superior in the main stem diameter,fruit diameter,and the number of nodes among the remaining plant materials.In terms of yield,it was determined that the interaction between genotype 2 and the commercial algae resulted in the best outcomes.In addition,the results of the genetic evaluation revealed that the materials used were not genetically distant from each other and more detailed genetic evaluations are needed.The molecular kinship analysis revealed that the genotypes used in the study were divided into three distinct groups,with individuals within each group exhibiting a high degree of relatedness to one another.As a result of the study,it was found that the application of microalgae had significant effects on improving the drought tolerance of Cucumis melo subsp.agrestis var.conomon genotypes.

河套蜜瓜Cucumis melo CV Hetau成熟期中某些生理生化过程的变化

对河套密瓜成熟过程中生长速率、呼吸强度以及内源乙烯含量变化的研究表明：该种甜瓜属呼吸跃变型果实，从开花到成熟约为３８ｄ；呼吸跃交出现之前乙烯开始产生，其含量升高先于呼吸跃变．可溶性精含量在成熟过程中不断增高，在呼吸峰值时达到最大，淀粉含量出现一个由积累到降解的变化．此外也研究了瓜硬度、色泽和可溶性固形物的变化．

来自甜瓜属(Cucumis melo L.)6个变种部分品种货架期差异比较

对甜瓜属6个变种的13个材料的货架期及相关因素进行了测定比较。结果表明,来自var.saccharinus和inodorus的5个品系表现出乙烯释放速率和鲜样质量损失率很低,货架期显著优于其它变种的材料。var.reticulatus虽然乙烯释放量较低,但由于果肉软化,其货架期短于var.inodorus。var.cantalupensis,makuwa和acidulus货架期短。相关性分析显示货架期还与果实发育期及果实质量存在高度相关,而果实表面的网纹结构与乙烯释放速率、鲜样质量损失速率及货架期并无显著的相关性。

河套蜜瓜(Cucumis melo L cv Hetau)子叶的组织培养和再生植株研究

切取在ＭＳ培养基中生长５ｄ的河套蜜瓜子叶，在ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ１＋ＢＡ０．１的培养基中予培养３ｄ后转入芽诱导培养基（ＭＳ＋ＺＴ６）诱导生芽，待芽长２ｃｍ左右转入ＭＳ＋ＩＢＡ０．５诱导生根，１０ｄ后再转入沙质土壤的营养缶本中成苗，整个成苗过程约需６０～７０ｄ，再生植株诱导率可达５５％。

厚皮甜瓜(Cucumis melo var.reliculatus)的快速繁殖

以厚皮甜瓜 (Cucumismelovar.reliculatus)西薄洛托带腋芽茎段为外植体进行离体快速繁殖研究。结果表明 :在MS +BA 0 .5～ 1 .0mg/L +IAA 0 .1mg/L的培养基上利于诱导形成丛生芽 ,芽的月增殖系数达到 1 1以上 ;在 1 /2MS +IAA 0 .5mg/L培养基上并经暗处理 3d最易生根 ,生根率 90 % ;在蛭石 :草炭土 =1 :1 (体积比 )基质中移栽驯化效果好。试管植株定植大田后种性不变 ,生长和结果习性优于种子苗。

哈密瓜(Cucumis melo L.)致腐真菌的鉴定

研究从哈密瓜表面分离出引起其腐败的菌株A和菌株B,并采用显微镜形态学观察、表型特征和分子生物学三种方法对其进行鉴定。结果发现菌株A可利用碳源包括杏苷、糊精、D-半乳糖、D-葡萄糖酸、麦芽糖、肝糖、L-鼠李糖、L-山梨糖、L-乳酸等72种碳源,其ITS rDNA序列与尖孢镰刀菌甜瓜转化型(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.melonis)的同源性为99%,分支长度为0.00。菌株B可利用碳源包括L-阿拉伯糖、D-果糖、丙三醇、蔗糖和木糖醇等54种碳源,其ITS rDNA序列与链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata)的同源性为100%,分支长度为0.00。因此,推断菌株A为尖孢镰刀菌甜瓜转化型,菌株B为链格孢菌。

Breeding melon(Cucumis melo)with resistance to powdery mildew and downy mildew

Melon(Cucumis melo L.)production is often restricted by a plethora of pests and diseases,including powdery mildew and downy mildew caused respectively by the fungal species Podosphaera xanthii/Golovinomyces orontii and oomycete species Pseudoperonospora cubensis.Many efforts have been directed on identification of resistant sources by screening(wild)melon germplasm.In the current review,we summarized such efforts from various publications of the last 50 plus years.Resistance to powdery mildew has been identified in 239 melon accessions and downy mildew resistance in 452 accessions of both C.melo and the wild relative species C.figarei.Among the resistance sources,C.melo var.cantalupensis accessions PMR 45,PMR 5,PMR 6,and WMR 29 as well as C.melo var.momordica accessions PI 124111,PI 124112,and PI 414723 have been considered as the most valuable germplasm because multiple resistance genes have been identified from these accessions and are widely used in melon resistance breeding.Further genetic mapping in a number of resistant sources has enabled identification of 25 dominant genes,two recessive genes and seven QTLs conferring powdery mildew resistance,as well as eight dominant genes and 11 QTLs for downy mildew resistances.Based on the reported sequences of associated markers,we anchored physically(many of)these genes and QTLs to chromosomes of the melon cv.DHL92 genome.In addition to presenting a comprehensive overview on powdery mildew and downy mildew resistance in(wild)melon germplasm,we suggest strategies aiming at breeding melon with durable and broad-spectrum resistance to pathogens and pests.

Estimation of phenotypic divergence in a collection of <i>Cucumis melo</i>from Kerala State, Southern India

A collection of melon (Cucumis melo L.) from Kerala state, Southern India, consisting of thirty three accessions was evaluated for 22 quantitative and 14 qualitative characteristics to estimate the phenotypic diversity. The collection showed appreciable phenotypic diversity in fruit related traits. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to determine the relationships among the populations. The analysis revealed that the variations in stem hair length, number of nodes per plant on 60th day, fruit shape, fruit length, fruit weight, fruit colour at ripening, fruit rind hardness, flesh colour, flesh firmness, quality of flesh, shelf life, seed colour were the principle characters to discriminate melon accessions evaluated in the present study. When the 33 populations were plotted on the first two principal components, accounting for 49.97% of the total variation, three clusters were identified, accounting for 36 morphological attributes used in the study. The greater part of diversity was accounted for fruit diameter, fruit weight, fruit length and width, fruit cavity length and diameter, seed length and colour. Flesh area of fruit, flesh thickness, leaf size, seed weight, seed index did not account for variation in the first six principal components of the melon collection. Scatter diagram segregated the acidulus and momordica into different clusters. This evaluation of fruit trait variability can assist geneticists and breeders to identify populations with desirable characteristics for inclusion in various breeding programmes.

Effects of Meteorological Conditions on Yield and Quality of Facility Hami Melon

With different varieties of facility Hami melon(Cucumis melo var. sacchairinus) as test materials, the effects of meteorological conditions on the yield and quality of different varieties of facility Hami melon were analyzed. The results showed that among the yield and quality traits of melon, the variation degree of average single melon weight was the highest, and the coefficient of variation was 33.05%. The variation degree of leaf area index was the lowest, and the coefficient of variation was 11.00%. Through the correlation analysis of meteorological factors with the yield and quality of facility Hami melon, it was found that the quality traits of facility Hami melon were significantly positively correlated with maximum temperature and sunshine duration, and significantly negatively correlated with precipitation. The yield traits were positively correlated with maximum temperature, sunshine duration and precipitation.

The Study of Allelochemicals of the Melon Fly (Myiopardalis pardalina Bigot.)

This study describes the isolation, identification of allelochemicals of the melon fly (Myiopardalis pardalina Bigot.), using the GC-MS method. A food attractant has been identified and a method for the synthesis of its synthetic analogue has been developed. Also, a route for the synthesis of para pheromone, raspberry ketone, has been proposed.

大棚薄皮甜瓜吊蔓套作生菜高效栽培技术

大棚薄皮甜瓜吊蔓套作生菜高效栽培技术与单一甜瓜吊蔓栽培相比,提高了大棚的土地利用率,合理利用土壤地力,在不增加甜瓜栽培成本的同时,每667 m^(2)新增效益2000~2500元,应用前景广阔。现从育苗、定植、田间管理等方面对大棚薄皮甜瓜吊蔓套作高效栽培技术进行介绍。

转录组和蛋白组联合揭示甜瓜响应涝害胁迫的分子机制

为了探析甜瓜(Cucumis melo L.)响应涝害胁迫的分子机制,采用转录组和蛋白组学方法研究了甜瓜耐涝型材料L45和涝敏感型材料L39在正常培养和涝害胁迫处理条件下的差异表达基因和蛋白。结果表明,L39-W vs L39-C的差异表达基因数为3532个,差异表达蛋白数为105个;L45-W vs L45-C的差异表达基因数为1842个,差异表达蛋白数为38个。转录组与蛋白组联合分析发现,L39-W vs L39-C中38个基因在mRNA和蛋白质水平上联合上调表达,12个基因联合下调表达;L45-W vs L45-C中7个基因联合上调表达,3个基因联合下调表达。KEGG显著性富集分析结果发现,L39-W vs L39-C中联合上调表达的基因显著富集在类黄酮生物合成、苯丙烷生物合成、苯丙氨酸代谢、缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸生物合成、精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢等;而L45-W vs L45-C中联合上调表达的基因显著富集在α-亚麻酸代谢、类黄酮生物合成、苯丙烷生物合成、亚油酸代谢等。本研究联合转录组与蛋白组数据进行了差异表达基因与蛋白分析,为进一步挖掘甜瓜响应涝害胁迫的关键基因及通路奠定了一定基础。

基于瓜籽稳定同位素与多元素分析的甜瓜产地溯源研究

目的探索一种基于瓜籽稳定同位素及多元素分析的甜瓜产地溯源新策略,克服高糖甜瓜样本冻干预处理困难的难题,提升甜瓜溯源的可操作性与稳定性。方法采集新疆、广西、海南3个省份58个甜瓜样本,并测定其瓜籽的碳、氮、氢、氧稳定同位素比率与16种矿物元素含量。首先,利用单因素方差分析比较不同省份甜瓜样本的区域差异。并进一步通过构建瓜籽稳定同位素及元素特征的线性判别分析模型区分不同产地的样本。结果单因素方差比较证实甜瓜的4种稳定同位素比率与部分元素含量特征在不同产地间具有显著的差异(P<0.05),线性判别分析模型实现3个省份甜瓜样本的准确判别,整体留一法交叉验证准确度高达96.5%。结论该策略能够有效地区分新疆甜瓜与其他省份的甜瓜,有望作为保护新疆甜瓜品牌信誉,确保新疆甜瓜产业健康发展的有用工具。

嫁接方式对低温胁迫下甜瓜幼苗光合特性及抗氧化系统的影响

【目的】探讨不同嫁接方式缓解甜瓜幼苗低温伤害的生理机制,为选取适宜嫁接方式以提高甜瓜低温抗性提供理论依据。【方法】以2个厚皮甜瓜品种和1个薄皮甜瓜品种为接穗,‘白籽南瓜’为砧木,并以甜瓜自根苗为对照,考察3类嫁接苗(双根嫁接、靠接、贴接)在15℃/10℃低温处理前、中、后期(复温)叶片的光合色素含量、光合气体交换参数、细胞膜透性及抗氧化酶活性变化特征。【结果】(1)各甜瓜品种各类嫁接苗叶片的光合色素含量、光合气体交换参数在低温处理下均显著降低,在复温后均比低温处理有所上升,并以贴接苗下降幅度最小,上升幅度最大;(2)各甜瓜品种各类嫁接苗叶片相对电导率、丙二醛含量、过氧化氢含量及超氧阴离子产生速率在低温处理下均显著升高,在复温处理后均比低温处理有所下降,并以贴接苗上升幅度最小,下降幅度最大;(3)各甜瓜品种各类嫁接苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性在低温处理下均显著提高,在复温处理后均比低温处理显著升高,并均以贴接苗上升幅度最为显著。【结论】3种嫁接方式均可显著增强低温胁迫和复温后甜瓜幼苗抗氧化酶活性,有效降低活性氧积累,维持光合能力,提高低温耐受性,并均以贴接方式表现最佳。

安徽甜瓜和栝楼蔓枯病的病原菌鉴定及其有效药剂筛选

为明确安徽舒城和巢湖地区甜瓜和栝楼蔓枯病的病原菌种类,2021—2022年对该地区的甜瓜和栝楼蔓枯病的病组织进行病原菌的分离和培养,利用柯赫式法则验证其致病性。通过对分离菌株的形态学特征,以及ITS、LSU和TUB2多位点序列分析,确定引起甜瓜及栝楼蔓枯病的病原菌为亚隔孢壳菌Stagonosporopsis citrulli。采用菌丝生长速率法测定了7种杀菌剂对病原菌代表性菌株的室内毒力,结果显示,啶酰菌胺、咪鲜胺对其抑制效果较好,其EC_(50)值在0.010 6~0.043 8μg·mL^(-1),可优先选择这两种药剂进行轮换使用防治该病害。

厚皮甜瓜‘SN-1’组培再生和遗传转化体系的建立

本研究以厚皮甜瓜自交系‘SN-1’(Cucumis melo ssp.melo)为试材,通过对种子和外植体处理条件、培养基组分、激素配比、共培养条件等进行筛选,建立厚皮甜瓜自交系‘SN-1’的组培再生和遗传转化体系。结果表明,种子在Agar培养基的萌发时间显著优于1/2MS+Agar和MS+Agar;分析不同浓度(2%、3%和4%,v/v)NaClO消毒剂和处理时间(10、15、20和25 min)对种子萌发的影响,发现3%NaClO处理15 min的材料萌发率和整齐度均显著优于其他处理;相较“二分法”,“四分法”在不影响分化的前提下,可获得更多子叶节、显著提高种子的利用率;进一步分析发现,以播种后48 h、胚根长约5 mm的种子收集子叶节,不定芽分化效果显著优于其他时期;研究不同激素配比和浓度对子叶节的影响,发现培养基中6-BA、IAA和ABA浓度分别为0.5 mg·L^(-1)、0.05 mg·L^(-1)和1 mg·L^(-1)时,不定芽分化最佳;当生根培养基中添加0.4 mg·L^(-1)IAA时,再生苗不定根诱导效果显著优于其他处理;对侵染后的共培养周期和培养基激素配比进行分析,发现当共培养3 d、且培养基中添加0.5 mg·L^(-1)6-BA+0.1 mg·L^(-1)IAA时,子叶节发育最佳。

碳纳米管对甜瓜种子发芽及幼苗生长发育的影响

[目的]探究碳纳米管在蔬菜作物中应用的可能性。[方法]以“通甜蜜1号”甜瓜为试材,分别设定不同碳纳米管浓度200μg/mL(T_(1))、500μg/mL(T_(2))和800μg/mL(T_(3))及CK对照组,采用超声细胞破碎技术处理甜瓜种子,通过测定种子发芽势、发芽率、出苗率、幼苗苗高、地径、根系总长度、总表面积、平均直径和根尖数等指标,比较不同碳纳米管浓度处理对薄皮甜瓜种子发芽及幼苗生长发育的影响,以期为纳米材料在园艺植物中的应用研究提供技术参考。[结果]碳纳米管处理后甜瓜种子的发芽势和发芽率表现为T_(2)>CK>T_(1)>T_(3),出苗率表现为T_(2)>T_(3)>CK>T_(1);碳纳米管处理种子对薄皮甜瓜幼苗的苗高和地径影响较小;T_(2)处理显著提高了薄皮甜瓜幼苗的根系总长度和总表面积,与CK相比分别增加了56.0%和49.4%。[结论]不同浓度碳纳米管处理影响了薄皮甜瓜种子的发芽率及幼苗根系生长,其中以碳纳米管浓度处理500μg/mL(T_(2))的表现最显著。

不同贮藏条件下薄皮甜瓜采后品质特性比较

为探明不同贮藏条件下甜瓜果实采后品质的变化规律,以5个不同的甜瓜品种(‘通甜蜜1号’、‘日本甜宝’、‘通翠1号’、‘通翠3号’和‘羊角蜜’)为试验材料,根据各品种果实生长发育期的单果重变化确定果实的适宜采摘期,并将适宜采摘期的甜瓜果实采收后分别于4、10、15℃条件下贮藏,通过分析各处理的甜瓜果实含水量、失重率、果皮颜色、可溶性固形物含量、果肉硬度等指标的变化,研究不同贮藏时间和温度对果实品质特性的影响。结果表明,‘通甜蜜1号’、‘通翠3号’和‘日本甜宝’的果实采后的失重率、可溶性固形物、硬度和色泽等指标维持较好,耐贮性更佳。贮藏温度4℃条件下果实在贮藏的中后期出现轻微冻害,15℃条件下果实的货架期最短,而10℃条件下果实品质下降速率最慢,可有效维持甜瓜的果实品质,延长果实贮藏期。

甜瓜致病菌的鉴定及实葶葱花序浸提液对其防治效果

对新疆喀什甜瓜Cucumis melo果实上发现的一种镰刀菌引起的病害进行分离纯化和鉴定,并根据柯赫氏法则明确其致病性。采用不同浓度的实葶葱Alliumgalanthum花序甲醇浸提液对该病原菌开展生物毒力测定,以‘新密杂11号’为受试材料进行植株防效测定。结果表明,致病菌菌落呈放射状、白色圆形,产生浅粉色色素。分生孢子梗呈二叉分枝,分生孢子多纺锤形或镰刀形,两端钝或两端逐渐变尖,含有隔膜,多3~5隔,大小为(23.53~48.99)μm×(5.66~11.47)μm。结合ITS基因序列分析,鉴定该病原物为厚垣镰刀菌Fusarium chlamydosporum,该病原菌通过侵染植株表面或伤口,导致根、茎、叶枯萎以及果实腐烂。150 mg/mL实葶葱浸提液完全抑制病原菌菌丝生长;150 mg/mL浸提液:阿米西达1:1(V:V)配比对感病植株的防效相对达到56.63%;150mg/mL浸提液对感病果实的防效相对达到21.01%,降低了病情指数。浸提液破坏厚垣镰刀菌渗透调节能力,增大菌体通透性,抑制纤维素总酶和羧甲基纤维素酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶的活性,影响该菌正常物质代谢,导致生长受阻。喷施浸提液后寄主甜瓜植株的抗氧化酶活性升高,MDA含量下降,植株的抗病能力增强。实葶葱具有厚垣镰刀菌防效作用同时还提高甜瓜抗病性,是具备良好生物防效作用和应用前景的植物源。

厚皮甜瓜种质材料果实质地品质评价

[目的]对厚皮甜瓜种质资源果实质地进行评价,为建立厚皮甜瓜果实质地评价标准和选育优良品种提供参考和依据。[方法]应用质构多面剖析法(TPA,质地参数包括TPA硬度、弹性、咀嚼性、内聚性和回复性)、穿刺试验(puncture test,质地参数包括穿刺硬度、脆度和黏附性)和感官评价法(感官硬度、感官脆度、多汁性、紧实度、果肉粗细)对278份厚皮甜瓜种质果实质地进行评价。经相关性分析、逐步回归分析和因子分析,建立感官评价指标与质构仪测试指标间的关系模型,明确厚皮甜瓜果实质地评价重要指标,并通过聚类分析,对厚皮甜瓜种质材料进行分类。[结果]厚皮甜瓜果实质地的质构仪评价指标和感官评价指标之间存在显著相关性。以仪器评价的硬度、脆度、黏附性、弹性、咀嚼性、内聚性和回复性为自变量,分别建立了感官硬度、感官脆度、多汁性、紧实度和果肉粗细的预测模型。质构仪测试指标的因子分析中筛选出3个公因子,累计方差贡献率为89.377%。第1公因子反映了果肉的咀嚼特性,第2公因子反映了果肉的黏附性,第3公因子反映了果肉的回复性。咀嚼性、黏附性和回复性是影响厚皮甜瓜果实质地的重要参数。278份厚皮甜瓜种质按质地指标分为3大类群,第Ⅰ类群特点是硬度、脆度、紧实度最高,果肉最粗,多汁性最低;第Ⅲ类群的特点是硬度、脆度、紧实度最低,果肉最细,多汁性最高;第Ⅱ类群的特点是各项指标处于中间水平。每一大类群又可分为两个亚类。[结论]质构仪测试指标能够反映厚皮甜瓜果实质地品质,咀嚼性、黏附性和回复性是评价厚皮甜瓜果实质地的重要指标。