Differences of Photosynthetic Characteristics of the Grape Cultivated in Greenhouse and Open Field in Turpan

[Objective] This study compared the leaf photosynthetic characteristics of Turpan grape cultivated in greenhouses and open field to provide a scientific basis for the high-quality and high-yield cultivation of grape. [Method] Two precocious grape varieties as experimental materials were cultivated in greenhouses and open field, and their net photosynthetic rates （Pn）, photo-response curves and CO2 response curves were determined using Li-400XT portable photosynthesis system. [Result] The leaf Pn of the two varieties cultivated in open field was higher than that in greenhouse. The Pn of Hongqitezao cultivated in open field was the highest, up to 19.79 μmol/（m^2·s）; in the photo-response curves, Hongqitezao cultivated in greenhouse had the largest Pnmax and apparent quantum yield （AQY）, while the Flame Seedless in greenhouse had the smallest light compensation point （LCP）. The light saturation point （LSP） value of greenhouse cultivation was higher than that of open field cultivation. In the CO2 response test, the dark respiration rate （Rd） and Pnmax of greenhouse cultivation were higher than those of open field cultivation, and the carboxylation efficiency （CE） of greenhouse cultivation was lower than that of open field cultivation; the CO2 compensation point （CCP） and CO2 saturation point （CSP） of greenhouse cultivation were lower than those of open field cultivation. [Conclusion] The utilization of elevated light in greenhouse cultivation was more efficient than in open field cultivation; however, the utilization of elevated CO2 in greenhouse cultivation was weaker than tin open field cultivation.

Effects of Shading Degree on Storage Rate and Growth of Phoebe bournei Seedlings in Fields

In the research, four shading treatments were set, including the treatments with shading degrees at 0, 40%, 60% and 70%, in order to explore storage rate and seedling growth of annual Phoebe bournei. The results showed that the storage rate is growing upon shading degree. In the research, for example, storage rate reached the peak with the shading degree at 70%, and only 42.2% with shading degree at 0. In addition, seedling height and ground diameter showed extremely significant differences among treatments, and the treatment with shading degree at 60% was the best.

Comparative Experiment of Ground Cucumber Varieties for Open Field Cultivation

Seven ground cucumber varieties were cultivated in open field for the comparative experiment. The results showed that Texuan cucumber and Yantai ground cucumber had good commodity characters,good taste and high yield,and their output value exceeded 16 000 yuan/666. 7 m2,so they are more suitable for open cultivation in Yantai region. The next ones are Meiyu Diguawang and Aweishi ground cucumber.

Effects of Once Fenlong Cultivation on Soil Properties and Rice Yield and Quality for 7 Consecutive Years

[Objective] The objective of this study was to explore the long-term effect of Fenlong cultivation for one time. [Method] The physical and chemical properties of soil and rice yield and quality were investigated and determined by measuring the soil at the depth of 23 cm in the paddy field with Fenlong cultivation and 16 cm of control （conventional farming） for 7 years. [Result] Compared with the control, the average yield of early rice of the Fenlong cultivation increased by 1 972.5 kg/hm2 of the first year, an increase of 23.87%, and milled rice and protein increased by 15.95% and 14.61%, while the increase rates of organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium per hectare were 74.58%, 67.01%, 104.41% and 129.62%, respectively. In the 7th year after Fenlong cultivation, the yield increased by 234 kg/hm2 from the control, an increase of 3.21%, and milled rice and protein increased by 0.5% and 0.14%, while the increase rates of organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium per hectare were 745.8%, 62.635 and 73.37%, respectively, and the increase rates of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium were 46.03%, 50.58% and 36.65%, respectively. During the 7 years after Fenlong cultivation, the yield increased by 3.21-23.87%, and its average net income per season increased by 1 843.61 Yuan/hm2 with a gain of 18.03%. [Conclusion] At the 7th year after Fenlong cultivation, the paddy field still had the furrow remain at a depth of 22 cm, which was 46.67% thicker than the traditional one. The yield and quality of paddy rice increased for 7 consecutive vears showed that Fenlon.q cultivation was highly feasible for paddy field.

Investigation on Diseases and Pests of Grape Under Rain Shelter Cultivation in Shandong Province

In order to make clear the effects of rain shelter cultivation on the incidence of diseases and pests of grape in Shandong Province,with Summer Black as the material,the diseases and pests of grape under rain shelter cultivation and open field cultivation in Tai'an and Jining were investigated.The results showed that under the rain shelter cultivation condition,the phenological period of grape delayed 5-8 d.The types of grape diseases and pests under the rain shelter cultivation were the same as those in the open filed cultivation.The most serious pests were Apolygus lucorum,followed by Lycorma delicatula,Erythreura apicalis and Thrips tabaci.The most serious leaf disease was downy mildew,and the most serious disease of grape berries was grape sour rot.Compared with the open field cultivation,the rain shelter cultivation could effectively reduce the incidence of pests and diseases in grape leaves and fruit.At the end of May 2018 and 2019,the occurrence rate of grape pests under the rain shelter cultivation in Tai'an reduced by 57.69%and 60.47%,respectively,and those in Jining reduced by 72.22%and 62.50%,respectively.In the middle of July of 2018 and 2019,the incidence of grape fruit diseases under the rain shelter cultivation in Tai'an reduced by 62.49%and 50.07%,respectively,and that in Jining reduced by 49.96%and 100%,respectively.