Exploration and Practice of Cultivation Pathway of Agricultural Professionals under the Background of Rural Revitalization

The comprehensive implementation of the rural revitalization strategy puts forward new requirements for agricultural professionals.In the context of rural revitalization,local vocational colleges should adjust their cultivation models for agricultural professionals in accordance with industrial development,and propose effective cultivation paths from four aspects:building a reasonable and scientific professional structure system,optimizing the construction of teaching staff,strengthening the construction of school-enterprise platforms,and consolidating the"three rural"sentiment,in order to better serve the local economy,strive to cultivate more rural revitalization talents for society,and ensure the maximum adaptation to the development requirements of China s new rural construction.

The Anylasis of Fitness on Maize Cultivation Based on RS and GIS

Maize is one of our country quite important grain crops,its height output is an important pillar ensure that grain of our country is safe,if speedy science ascertaining that maize expediency area cultivating,it can provide the most reliable decision-making reference to jobs such as agricultural regionalization,crop layout,accurate agriculture of essence.The article carries out a maize cultivating expediency research make use of the minute RS and GIS means,it can guarantee the results is timeliness and scientificalness.

Effect of Agricultural Land Reform on Cotton Cultivation in Manasi,XinJiang Based on Reformed Farmers

[Objective] The paper was to study the effect of agricultural land reform on cotton cultivation in Manasi, XinJiang based on reformed farmers. [Method] Rural land contract management rights transfer of rural household in Manasi County of Xinjiang Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture were surveyed in August, 2011. Based on the survey data, the paper analyzed the effect of agricultural land reform on cotton culti- vation from 2 aspects of cotton cultivation scale and benefit, and also studied the willingness of farmers for agricultural land reform. [Result] The main obstacle for farmer＇s unwillingness of continuous land reform for cotton cultivation was that the cotton cultivation risk was big, and the benefit could not be guaranteed. The agricul- tural land area per household increased after agricultural land reform, which increased the modernization progress of cotton cultivation. It also increased the benefit of cotton cultivation, and further affected the benefit of cotton cultivation. [Conclusion] The study provided reference for improving scale cotton cultivation efficacy in Xinjiang.

Characteristics of B,Zn and Se in stream sediments of Tanzania and their agricultural applications:Based on 1∶1000000 geochemical survey

Tanzania is located in eastern Africa with a predominantly agricultural ecomomy,the potential for developing and utilizing cultivated land are promising,but scientific guidance is required.B,Zn and Se are essential micronutrients for plants and human body with crucial biological functions,in particular,Se is significant for human health and considered as“the king of anti-cancer”.As these elements required by human or plants are mainly absorbed from soil directly or indirectly,therefore,it is important to understand the contents and distributions of them in the soil of cultivated land for guiding agricultural production.In this work,low-density geochemical survey at the scale of 1∶1000000 was carried out in Tanzania,and the results show that the concentrations of B,Zn and Se in stream sediments are low and their distributions are heterogeneous.According to the distributions of geological units,the existing cultivated land resources can be divided into five regions in Tanzania.Compared with the national background values,the concentrations of B,Zn and Se are insufficient overall but enriched locally in these regions.In general,element concentrations in stream sediments and soil have a positive correlation because of their similar sources,which is essential in agriculture application.Based on the information provided by low-density geochemical data and maps,the Se-sufficient and Se-rich regions were delineated in Tanzania,where can be used to develop Se-rich industries.Finally,this paper believes that geochemical survey is a powerful tool for cultivated land evaluation,agriculture management and land development.

Cultivating New Agricultural Operators to Promote the Transformation and Upgrading of Traditional Agriculture——A Case Study of Nanchong City

In order to provide reference for cultivating new agricultural operators to promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional agriculture,the main practices,achievements and problems of cultivating new agricultural operators to promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional agriculture in Nanchong City,Sichuan Province were analyzed firstly,and then some measures were proposed.

Some Thoughts on Talent Cultivation in Local Agricultural Colleges and Universities--A Case Study of Tianjin Agricultural University

According to the requirements of the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for Cultivation of New Professional Farmers,developing agriculture through science and education,enhancing agriculture through talents,and consolidating agriculture though new professional farmers is adhered to as a major strategy. However,its implementation is faced with the imbalance between the educational level of the agricultural population and the number of agricultural population. To this end,local agricultural universities should be based on regional agricultural development,scientifically analyze the level and structure of the demand for talents in regional agricultural development,and find the right position,committed to cultivating applied talents for regional agricultural development and value linkages between agriculture and secondary and tertiary industries.

Practice and Thinking on the Construction of Agricultural Science and Education Cooperative Personnel Cultivation Base

Agricultural science and education cooperative personnel cultivation base is a new personnel cultivation platform built by the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Education relying on the national modern agricultural industry technology system,to strengthen the close connection between agricultural education and modern agricultural industry. The first batch of agricultural science and education cooperative personnel cultivation bases have been operating for 5 years. Taking Zhanjiang Litchi-Longan Agricultural Science and Education Cooperative Personnel Cultivation Base as an example,it introduced the achievements in the base construction from the perspective of construction cooperators,and discussed measures for improving the base operation.

Cultivation Path of ＂Four Matters of Confidence＂ of Agricultural and Forestry College Students A Case Study of Northwest A＆F University

" Four matters of confidence" are the core and ideal foundation of socialist construction. Taking Northwest A&F University as an example,this paper analyzes and explores the cultivation path of " four matters of confidence" around the education problem of " four matters of confidence" of agricultural and forestry college students,in order to improve the value identity and belief of " four matters of confidence" among college students of agriculture and forestry.

Exploration and Practice of Personnel Cultivation for Agricultural Mechanization and Automation Specialities

Firstly, based on significance of developing agricultural mechanization and automation and current situations of agricultural mechanization and automation specialities in colleges and universities, we put forward objectives of personnel cultivation for agricultural mechanization and automation specialities. Then, we analyze the exploration and practice of personnel cultivation for agricultural mechanization and automation specialities from four aspects, including course system setting, teaching materials construction, laboratory construction, and construction of practical teaching link. Finally, it is expected to provide references for running schools and cultivating excellent professional personnel.

Discussion on Green Development of Fenlong for Yield Increase, Quality Enhancing, Water Retaining and Multiple Use of Natural Resources

Fenlong green ecological agriculture technology （Fenlong technology）, a new smash ridging farming method developed by Guangxi Academy of Agdcultural Sciences, has been elected as the recommended cultivation technique by the Ministry of Agriculture of China. It replaces the traditional plowshare with spiral drill, and its tilth depth is twice deeper than that by tractor tilthing. It also extends soil nutrient, moisture, oxygen and microorganism, the so-called ＂Four pools＂. Soil nutrient, oxygen, microorganism, light and rainfall use ratio is increased by 10%-100%, creating a platform for natural increase of more than 10% of crop yield. Its application to over 20 kinds of crops in 21 provinces has proved that the yield increases 10-30% with quality enhancing 5% and double water retaining capacity but no more input. When the application area of Fenlong could reach 67 million hm2, the amount of fertilizer can be reduced by 40-50 billion kg, saving 120-150 billion Yuan. In this paper, we put forward the strategy of ＂4＋1＂ （arable, saline-alkali soil, grasslands, Sponge City ＋ rivers） green development in China, and deepened the Fenlong cultivated tilled layer from 16.5 cm to 35 cm for 67 million hm2 arable land, ridged 13.3 million hm2 of saline-alkali soil for 35 cm, and also 35 cm for 67 million hm2 degraded steppe, which could have the following 3 effects： first, the 147 million hm2 of land with Fenlong cultivation could increase loosing soil to 315.491 billion m3, in＊ creasing by 159.26% for 120 million hm2 of arable land with the average tilled layer of 16.5 cm, which has loosing soil of only 198.1 billion m3, that is, the space of the land increases 1.6 times. Second, every hectare of plowland could store up to 450 m3/hm2 of natural rainfall, and the unused 60 m3 of saline-alkali soil and grasslands could store water of 102 billion m3, showing an increase of over 88.89% for the current plowland storage of 54 billion m3 at now, that is, double the natural rainfall storage capacity. Third, the two multiple increase of natural resources application can bring trillions of resource activation, environmental cleaning, food security, citizens, health, economic, ecological and social benefits, and makes the Chinese nation move forward in green development. Its application in ＂big scientific research＂ and ＂One Belt And One Road＂ will contribute Chinese strength to the world.

The Origin of Flooded Rice Cultivation

Rice cultivation has long been considered to have originated from seeding of annual types of wild rice somewhere in subtropics, tropics or in the Yangtze River basin. That idea, however, contains a fatally weak point, when we consider the tremendous difficulty for primitive human to seed any cereal crop in the warm and humid climate, where weed thrives all year round, instead of the accepted theory, we have to see a reality that vegetative propagation of edible plants is a dominant form of agriculture in such regions. The possibility is discussed that Job＇s tears and rice, two cereal crops unique to the region, might have been developed via vegetative propagation to obtain materials for medicine or herb tea in backyard gardens prior to cereal production. This idea is supported by the fact that rice in temperate regions is still perennial in its growth habit and that such backyard gardens with transplanted taro can still be seen from Yunnan Province of China to Laos. Thanks to detailed survey of wild rice throughout China for 1970-1980, it is now confirmed that a set of clones of wild rice exist in shallow swamps in Jiangxi Province, an area with severe winter cold. In early summer ancient farmers may have divided the sprouting buds and spread them by transplanting into flooded shallow marsh. Such way of propagation might have faster improved less productive rice through a better genetic potential for response to human interference than quick fixation in seed propagation, because vegetative parts are heterogeneous. Obviously, such a primitive manner of rice cultivation did include the essential parts of rice farming, i.e., nursery bed, transplanting in flooded field of shallow marsh like. Transfer from the primitive nursery to true nursery by seed may have later allowed rice cultivation to be extended to northern regions. In thus devised flooded cultivation there were a series of unique advantages, i.e.; continuous cropping of rice in a same plot, no soil erosion, slow decline of soil fertility, availability of minerals, and resulting in high yield per unit area, which have collectively attained the highly productive cereal cultivation in the warm and humid region. Rice cultivation in marsh is also favorable to raise fish culture, both of which constituted a nutritionally balanced base. Development of irrigation technology to construct flooded farms gave strong bases for stable rice-cultivating society, which in the end formulated the rise of ancient kingdoms of Yue and Wu in China in BC 6th -5th centuries. They were direct descendents of those people who had developed the unique rice cultivation from the era of Hemudu culture, which is dated back to 5 000 BC. Their movement to the south is considered to have established rice-cultivating communities in South China and Southeast Asia, while to the north it transferred the rice-based technology to ancient Korea and Japan and had established there a base for a civilized society.

Changes in Land Use and Agricultural Production Structure Before and After the Implementation of Grain for Green Program in Western China–Taking Two Typical Counties as Examples

Soil erosion becomes a serious environmental problem in the world, especially in western China. An effective management practice called the Grain for Green Program(GGP), which was launched in 1999, aims to reduce soil and water loss and alleviate the ecological environment problem in western China. Two typical counties in western China, the Zhongxian(in Chongqing Municipality) and Ansai(in Shaanxi Province) were chosen to evaluate the dynamic changes of land use and agricultural production structure before and after the implementation of the Program in this paper. The results showed that the cultivated land area was reduced by 7.08% from 1989 to 2003. The cultivated land per person was decreased by 8.42% during 1999-2003. Moreover, the stability index of the secondary sector of the economy was increased from 0.91 in the period 1990-1999 to 0.94 in the following ten years. In addition, the stability index of tertiary economic sector increased from 0.88 to 0.92 in Zhongxian county. Meanwhile, the cultivated land area was reduced by 15.48% from 1990 to 1999. The soil erosion modulus was decreased by 33.33% from 1999 to 2006. Also, the stability index of secondary and tertiary economic sectors was 0.86 in the period 1998-2002. However, it decreased by 77% during 2002 to 2007 in Ansai County. These results imply that the Grain for Green Program had different impact on the two regions. Several effective strategies of soil and water conservation have been carried out to ameliorate the sustainable development of ecological environment and economy in these two counties of western China.

The Mode Reform of Cultivating Marketing Talents in Agricultural Vocational Colleges Based on the Perspective of Agricultural Enterprises——A Case Study of Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology

We conduct survey on the characteristics of demand of agricultural enterprises for agricultural marketing talents from the following 6 aspects:the professional marketing talents needed urgently by the agricultural enterprises,the amount of demand of agricultural enterprises for the marketing talents,the jobs offered by the agricultural enterprises,the educational background of agricultural marketing talents favored by the agricultural enterprises,the requirements posed by the agricultural enterprises on the work experience of agricultural marketing talents,and the quality requirements posed by the agricultural enterprises on the agricultural marketing talents.We analyse the problems existing in the cultivation mode of marketing talents in agricultural vocational colleges as follows:the feature of major is not outstanding;the contradiction between supply and demand is prominent;it is disconnected with the practical needs of agricultural enterprises;the cultivation form of practical ability is simple.On the basis of this,taking Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology as an example,we advance the new mode of cultivating inter-disciplinary talents integrating "marketing technique+technique marketing",and establish characteristic agricultural course combo system on the basis of vocational position orientation.In the meantime,we propose that we should conduct close college-enterprise cooperation with the local leading agricultural enterprises.This cultivation mode reform of talents is favorable for the agricultural enterprises,especially small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises to foster "marketable" agricultural marketing talents,elevate the comprehensive competitiveness of small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises,serve the local economy,and promote the development of modern agriculture,and China's agriculture,farmer,and countryside.

Current Situations and Development Strategies for Integration of Peanut Agronomy and Agricultural Machinery in China

The mechanization level of peanut production is the bottleneck restricting the development of peanut production in China,while integration of agronomy and agricultural machinery is an essential approach for improving mechanization level of peanut production. This paper elaborated requirements of peanut agronomy for agricultural machinery from peanut planting modes,land cultivation,sowing,harvesting,picking,and shelling,etc. Besides,it discussed requirements of agricultural machinery for agronomy from peanut seed quality,variety characteristics,planting modes,and soil condition. In addition,it analyzed existing problems and restricting factors of integration of peanut agronomy and agricultural machinery. Finally,it came up with recommendations for development strategies including increasing government fund input,optimizing industrial distribution,and multidisciplinary joint research.

Rescuing agroforestry as strategy for agriculture in Southern Brazil

Knowledge about agricultural ecosystems, as well as about ecological and social interactions that occur in an agricultural context, is essential to promote a balanced environment for production. Incorporating the forest landscape into farming systems has promoted the development of integrated production systems such as agroforestry. However, many aspects of the relationship between farming and the forest landscape have changed since the modernization of agriculture introduced by the Green Revolution. The objectives of this review are：（1） to contribute to the understanding of the changes in cultivation strategies and in the dynamics of agricultural systems,particularly in the context of farming in Santa Catarina State, Brazil;（2） to contribute to the understanding of agroforestry systems as a strategy to reintroduce the element of forestry into agricultural production systems; and（3） to compile a list of forest plant species that could be used in agroforestry. The approach adopted in this manuscript seeks to highlight the potential of agroforestry systems to conserve natural resources and thereby to support agricultural development by connecting environmental conservation with income for farmers.

THE SPREAD OF AGRICULTURE IN CHINA

At pressent, China has about 100 million ha of farmland and 1.1 billion inhabitants, of which, about 80% are still engaged in agriculture. In geographical distribution, primitive shifting cultivation was at first mainly scattered in small patches in Eastern Monsoon China, especially concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the Huanghe (Yellow) River and the Changjiang (Yangtze) River. The ratio of agriculture to industry in production value changed from 7:3 in the early 1950s to 3:7 in the middle 1980s. Agricultural Regionalization is based upon agricultural development as well as physical regionalization in China. Seven first-level agricultural regions might be identified.

Organic Agriculture: The Inevitable Choice for the Sustainable Development of Agriculture

The current situation of farmland utilization in China was analyzed firstly, and then cost of fertilizer misuse leading to decrease of cultivat- ed land in quality was discussed. Finally, it is concluded that organic agriculture is the inevitable choice for the sustainable development of agricul- ture from the meaning, advantages and countermeasures of developing organic agriculture in China.

Improvement of Evaluation Methods for Cultivated Land Quality

As the existing cultivated land quality evaluation index system is unable to accurately evaluate the quality of cultivated land after land remediation,a modified land use coefficient method was established in this study to calculate the land use coefficient of cultivated land after land remediation. An evaluation index system was first established for the land utilization level of cultivated land in the remediation areas.After that,the land utilization level index before and after the remediation was evaluated separately. The ratio of the two was used as the correction factor to correct the original land use coefficient. The corrected land use coefficient was used to evaluate the quality of cultivated land. The quality evaluation and verification of the land remediation areas in Yuzhou City were conducted. It was found that the land use coefficient corrected by the modified method was more consistent with that calculated by production method 5 years after the project acceptance. It suggests that the modified land use coefficient method reflects the impact of land remediation on the quality of cultivated land,and it is more suitable compared with the production method for the quality evaluation of cultivation land in remediation areas.

Rural Tourism Development Model of Rice Cultivation Terrace Culture Heritage in Chongyi

The development of rural tourism is one of important measures for the protection and inheritance of agricultural cultural heritage,while agricultural cultural heritage also becomes decisive factor of promoting rural tourism development.They complement each other and develop together.In this paper,Hakka terrace of Chongyi,Ganzhou City,Jiangxi Province is taken as the research object,and its cultural heritage is interpreted and classified.It could be roughly divided into four aspects:farming belief and cultural legend,processing techniques of agricultural by-products,traditional farming technology experience,traditional eco-agricultural system and landscape.Based on the four aspects,combining local current tourism resource use situation,four kinds of rural tourism development models based on rice cultivation terrace culture heritage are summarized.

Cultivation of New Professional Farmers under the Background of "Internet + "

With deep implementation of"Internet+"and rural revitalization strategy,the cultivation of new professional farmers of"Internet+agriculture"has become an important opportunity for rural development.In this paper,some problems existed in training of new vocational farmers are explored,and corresponding countermeasures for these problems are proposed.The research aims to provide certain reference for talent cultivation of"Internet+"intelligent agriculture.