Effects of water and nitrogen rate on grain-filling characteristics under high-low seedbed cultivation in winter wheat

A high-efficiency mode of high-low seedbed cultivation(HLSC)has been listed as the main agricultural technology to increase land utilization ratio and grain yield in Shandong Province,China.However,limited information is available on the optimized water and nitrogen management for yield formation,especially the grain-filling process,under HLSC mode.A three-year field experiment with four nitrogen rates and three irrigation rates of HLSC was conducted to reveal the response of grain-filling parameters,grain weight percentage of spike weight(GPS),spike moisture content(SMC),and winter wheat yield to water and nitrogen rates.The four nitrogen rates were N1(360 kg ha^(-1) pure N),N2(300 kg ha^(-1) pure N),N3(240 kg ha^(-1) pure N),and N4(180 kg ha^(-1) pure N),respectively,and the three irrigation quotas were W1(120 mm),W2(90 mm),and W3(60 mm),respectively.Results showed that the determinate growth function generally performed well in simulating the temporal dynamics of grain weight(0.989<R^(2)<0.999,where R2 is the determination coefficient).The occurrence time of maximum filling rate(T_(max))and active grain-filling period(AGP)increased with the increase in the water or nitrogen rate,whereas the average grain-filling rate(G_(mean))had a decreasing trend.The final 1,000-grain weight(FTGW)increased and then decreased with the increase in the nitrogen rates and increased with the increase in the irrigation rates.The GPS and SMC had a highly significant quadratic polynomial relationship with grain weight and days after anthesis.Nitrogen,irrigation,and year significantly affected the T_(max),AGP,G_(mean),and FTGW.Particularly,the AGP and FTGW were insignificantly different between high seedbed(HLSC-H)and low seedbed(HLSC-L)across the water and nitrogen levels.Moreover,the moderate water and nitrogen supply was more beneficial for grain yield,as well as for spike number and grain number per hectare.The principal component analysis indicated that combining 240-300 kg N ha^(-1) and 90^(-1)20 mm irrigation quota could improve grain-filling efficiency and yield for the HLSC-cultivated winter wheat.

Cultivation Path of Nursing Undergraduates’Scientific Research and Innovation Ability

Objective: The cultivation of the innovation ability and scientific research is one of the nursing learning objectives for undergraduate students. To explore the method and effect of training system of scientific research innovation ability of nursing undergraduates based on “3332”. Methods: Three course learning modules are constructed: stage-based course learning module, systematic project practice training module and comprehensive practice training module. A practical training platform for scientific research innovation projects is built, and undergraduate scientific research innovation ability training is carried out from both in-class and out-of-class lines. Results: Since 2017, the students have obtained 7 national innovation and entrepreneurship training programs, 52 university-level undergraduate scientific research projects, published more than 10 academic papers, and obtained 2 patent authorization. Conclusions: The training system of scientific research innovation ability of nursing undergraduates based on “3332” is conducive to the development of scientific research innovation ability of nursing students, and to cultivate nursing talents who can adapt to the development of the new era and have better post competence.

The response of roots and the rhizosphere environment to integrative cultivation practices in paddy rice

Integrative cultivation practices(ICPs)are essential for enhancing cereal yield and resource use efficiency.However,the effects of ICP on the rhizosphere environment and roots of paddy rice are still poorly understood.In this study,four rice varieties were produced in the field.Each variety was treated with six different cultivation techniques,including zero nitrogen application(0 N),local farmers’practice(LFP),nitrogen reduction(NR),and three progressive ICP techniques comprised of enhanced fertilizer N practice and increased plant density(ICP1),a treatment similar to ICP1 but with alternate wetting and moderate drying instead of continuous flooding(ICP2),and the same practices as ICP2 with the application of organic fertilizer(ICP3).The ICPs had greater grain production and nitrogen use efficiency than the other three methods.Root length,dry weight,root diameter,activity of root oxidation,root bleeding rate,zeatin and zeatin riboside compositions,and total organic acids in root exudates were elevated with the introduction of the successive cultivation practices.ICPs enhanced nitrate nitrogen,the activities of urease and invertase,and the diversity of microbes(bacteria)in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil,while reducing the ammonium nitrogen content.The nutrient contents(ammonium nitrogen,total nitrogen,total potassium,total phosphorus,nitrate,and available phosphorus)and urease activity in rhizosphere soil were reduced in all treatments in comparison with the non-rhizosphere soil,but the invertase activity and bacterial diversity were greater.The main root morphology and physiology,and the ammonium nitrogen contents in rhizosphere soil at the primary stages were closely correlated with grain yield and internal nitrogen use efficiency.These findings suggest that the coordinated enhancement of the root system and the environment of the rhizosphere under integrative cultivation approaches may lead to higher rice production.

Detection of Bisphenol A (BPA) in Plastic Bottles Using Vertical Cultivation at Various Temperatures

Polycarbonate plastics containing bisphenol A (BPA) used to manufacture drinking water bottles. Kurdistan region in northern Iraq is a developed area with increased pollution from plastic bottles. Trace amounts of BPA have been detected in bottled water samples. The absorption of BPA was measured with HPLC using a vertical cultivation system with Bulbs of the Allium Cepa plant planted in these plastic bottles with monitored growth. Vertical cultivation was found to have a low level of BPA in the plant cells, making it a safe cultivation method under specific climate conditions. The mean concentration of BPA in vertical cultivation is 0.19 ug/ml (3.8 ng for a 20 uL injection), and the Limit of Quantification (LOQ) is 0.63 ug/ml (12.7 ng for 20 uL injection). While Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) shows that the concentrations are relatively low in water samples stored at room temperature compared to those exposed to direct sunlight (40°C) and water bottle samples stored at (-4°C), The correlation coefficients were found to be good (0.9992). SEM is used for plastic bottle samples stored at different temperatures. The images identify compound decay and explore the morphology of BPA in manufactured plastic materials.

Determinants of Tobacco Cultivation and the Associated Impacts of Adoption in Hurungwe District, Zimbabwe

Tobacco is an essential cash crop in Zimbabwe and a strategic livelihood option for hundreds of thousands of rural households. However, the crop is linked to negative environmental, economic, and social impacts. The existing studies on tobacco cultivation in Zimbabwe present contradictory findings on the determinants and impacts of adoption, leaving unanswered questions about the crop’s sustainability impact in the country. This article investigates the determinants of smallholder farmers’ decisions to grow tobacco and the associated impacts of adoption. Random and purposive sampling were used to select 273 household surveys, including tobacco and non-tobacco smallholder farmers, and 56 expert interviews to answer the research questions. We employed regression models alongside expert interviews and document analysis to identify the determinants influencing the decision-making process of smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe regarding tobacco cultivation. Additionally, our investigation aimed to elucidate the perceived impacts associated with the adoption of this agricultural practice. The regression analysis indicated that the farmer’s age, education level, farming experience, family size, household income, and perceived high farm profitability are significant drivers of tobacco adoption. We also discovered divergent and convergent perceptions of the critical impacts of tobacco cultivation. The study highlights the need for proactive multi-stakeholder collaboration and sustainable financial arrangements to address the negative impacts of tobacco production. As the primary stakeholder responsible for regulating and promoting agricultural activities, the Zimbabwean government should provide meaningful financial support, increase access to credit, and ensure better market facilities for alternative crops to reduce the over-dependence on tobacco.

Strategic insights into the cultivation of pancreatic cancer organoids from endoscopic ultrasonography-guided biopsy tissue

BACKGROUND The frequent suboptimal efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy(EUS-FNB)to culture pancreatic cancer(PC)organoids(PCOs)poses a major challenge in the advancement of personalized medicine for advanced PC.AIM To explore how to obtain appropriate puncture tissues from EUS-FNB and optimize the strategy for efficiently constructing PCOs,providing an efficient tool for the advancement of personalized medicine.METHODS Patients who underwent EUS-FNB for the diagnosis of PC tissue were prospectively enrolled.We refined the endoscopic biopsy procedures and organoid cultivation techniques.All tissue specimens verified by on-site pathological assessment were cultured in a semi-suspended medium in a microfluidic environment.We assessed differences in PCOs cultured beyond and below five generations examining patient demographics,specimen and organoid attributes,and the sensitivity of organoids to a panel of clinical drugs through cell viability assays.RESULTS In this study,16 patients with PC were recruited,one sample was excluded because onsite cytopathology showed no tumor cells.Successful organoid generation occurred in 93.3%(14 of 15)of the EUS-FNB specimens,with 60%(9 of 15)sustaining over five generations.Among these patients,those with a history of diabetes,familial cancer,or larger tumors exhibited enhanced PCO expandability.The key factors influencing longterm PCOs expansion included initial needle sample quality(P=0.005),rapid initiation of organoid culture postisolation(P≤0.001),and high organoid activity(P=0.031).Drug sensitivity analysis revealed a partial response in two patients following therapeutic intervention and surgery and stable disease in four patients,indicating a moderate correlation between organoid response and clinical outcomes.CONCLUSION Optimal initial needle sampling,rapid and precise biopsy sample processing,process isolated samples as soon as possible,and sufficient cellular material are crucial for successful cultivating PCOs.High organoid activity is an important factor in maintaining their long-term expansion,which is essential for shortening the time of drug sensitivity analysis and is the basis of PC research.

Technique of Earthworms Restoring Soil in Greenhouse Cultivation

The production environment of greenhouse cultivation is relatively closed,the multiple cropping index is high,the management of fertilizationwatering and pesticideapplication isblindtosomeextent,andthe phenomenonofcontinuous cropping isalsocommonSoilquali-ty affects the sustainable development of greenhouse cultivation.Earthworm is a ubiquitous invertebrate organism in soil,an important part of soil system,a link between terrestrial organisms and soil organisms,an important link in the small cycle of soil material organisms,and plays an important role in maintaining the structure and function of soil ecosystem.Different ecotypes of earthworms are closely related to their habi-tats(soil layers)and food resource preferences,and then affect their ecological functions.The principle of earthworm regulating soil function is essentially the close connection and interaction between earthworm and soil microorganism.Using different ecotypes of earthworms and bio-logical agents to carry out combined remediation of greenhouse cultivation soil is a technical model to realize sustainable development of green-house cultivation.

High Yield Cultivation and Pest Control Technology of Cashew

In order to enhance the yield and quality of cashew,it is essential to implement high-yield cultivation techniques effectively throughout the production process.Additionally,pest control measures should be employed to provide technical support for the industrialized development of cashew.

Variety Selection and Green Cultivation Technology of Courtyard Ornamental and Edible Peppers

In order to comply with the development trend of the multifunctional use of peppers,we conducted an investigation into the characteristics and features of varieties,potting management techniques,and the methods of extending the fruit ornamental period and other aspects of courtyard ornamental and edible peppers.A set of cultivation techniques suitable for courtyard ornamental and edible peppers has been developed,including timely sowing and seedling,nutrient soil preparation,water and fertilizer management,trimming and pruning,preservation of flowers and fruits,green prevention and control of diseases and pests,harvesting,and so on.

Innovation and Practice of the Cultivation Mode of Application-Oriented Undergraduate Talents in Agricultural and Forestry Colleges under the Guidance of the Spirit of the Great Northern Wilderness

Heilongjiang reclamation area has made great progress since its development and construction, among which the agricultural and forestry colleges in China have played a key role in the input of talents for the production of reclamation area, and the spirit of the Great Wilderness has important strategic significance for the cultivation of agricultural and forestry talents. Taking Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University as an example, this paper analyzes the ways of the Great Northern Wilderness Spirit for cultivating application-oriented undergraduate talents in agricultural and forestry colleges, improving the curriculum system of undergraduate talents through innovation, strengthening the cultivation of students’ innovative ability, leading students’ scientific research and academic level, and enhancing students’ practical ability. To innovate the cultivation mode of application-oriented undergraduate talents in agricultural and forestry colleges under the guidance of the spirit of the Great Northern Wilderness, and to provide a reference mode for the cultivation of undergraduate talents in agricultural and forestry colleges in China.

Farmers’ Knowledge and Awareness towards the Use of Agrochemicals in Vegetable Cultivation, Fako Cameroon

Agrochemicals are contemporary, omnipresent tool used in vegetable cultivation. Farmers’ knowledge and awareness of the proper usage of agrochemicals are critical for mitigating the negative effects on human health. This cross-sectional study was aimed at assessing the usage knowledge, risk awareness of toxicological and chemical classes, proper handling and use practices for agrochemicals homologated for use in vegetable farming, and the occurrence of health-related symptoms as a result of exposure among these farmers. The study included 93 vegetable growers from agricultural hotspot towns in Fako, southwest Cameroon. The field study, ran from November 2021 to December 2023, using a questionnaire to collect information on farmers demographic, and their knowledge of pesticide classes, and the related risk of associated with the handling of agrochemicals. Results show that all vegetable farmers, particularly those engaged in agribusiness, employ pesticide inputs to maximize production. Six pesticides, two fertilizer types, and one unknown substance were identified. While 23 active compounds were found, the most utilized were abamectin, emamectin (10.46%), dimethoate (9.30%,) and ethoprophos (8.13%). Two active chemicals, dimethoate and methalaxyl, are illegal yet remain in circulation. Toxicological classes I and II, with the greatest harmful effect on human health, were the most commonly utilized (64.27%). Thirty-nine percent of farmers never use personal protection equipment when working with agrochemicals, demonstrating a significant gap in knowledge and awareness of agrochemicals and their various applications and handling procedures in the field. The government should implement an intensive specialized educational program for on-field farmers with incentives in order to promote sustainable agriculture methods that ensure environmental and human safety.

Research on the Cultivation of Aesthetics among Art Students under the New Era Background

Through understanding the history and current situation of aesthetic education in China,this paper explains some misunderstandings in the aesthetics of contemporary university art students,such as the insufficiency of aesthetic value and ability,as well as the inadequacy of students’creativity due to traditional art education.It is also pointed out that the cultivation of core literacy of art students is a multidimensional and comprehensive process,and these problems need to be solved by schools,teachers,and students,so as to strengthen the inner aesthetic education of students and improve their aesthetic awareness and ability.Aesthetic education is not only an important part of the art classroom but also a key part of fostering students’all-round development and enhancing their humanistic literacy.It is necessary to cultivate students’observation,imagination,image-thinking ability,and creativity,so that they can become artistic talents with independent thinking and innovation.

Research on Foreign Language Talent Cultivation Mode Based on the Concept of Language Security

Language security is an important part of national security,and in the current complex international environment,the issue of language security is becoming more and more prominent and has become an unignorable part of national security strategy.As the bridge and link of international communication,foreign language talents’language skills and the level of national security awareness directly affect our country’s international image and the effect of international communication.Therefore,the establishment of a foreign language talent cultivation mode based on the concept of language security is not only an important way to improve the quality of foreign language education but also a realistic need to safeguard national security and promote international exchanges.Starting from the influence of the language security concept on foreign language talent cultivation,this paper analyzes the foreign language talent cultivation mode based on the language security concept,with a view to providing new ideas and methods for the development of foreign language education.

Exploring the Role of Narrative Medicine in the Cultivation of Humanistic Spirit among Respiratory Medicine Interns

Objective:To explore the role of narrative medicine in cultivating the humanistic spirit of respiratory medicine interns.Methods:Thirty interns were selected,all of whom were received by the respiratory department of our hospital from September 2023 to June 2024 and underwent narrative medicine teaching.Scores on narrative medicine knowledge,empathy ability,humanistic care ability,and teaching recognition were compared before and after the internship.Results:Compared to before the internship,the interns’scores on narrative medicine knowledge were significantly higher after the internship,as were their empathy and humanistic care scores(P<0.05).Among the 30 interns,25 expressed interest in narrative medicine,and 29 were willing to continue with the narrative medicine teaching model.Conclusion:The application of narrative medicine in respiratory medicine internship teaching is highly effective.It cultivates the humanistic spirit of interns,improves their empathy and humanistic care abilities,and is worthy of wider implementation.

Research on the Generation of Professional Skill Modules for Talent Cultivation in the Landscape Architecture Profession for Industry-Education Integration of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

Due to industry characteristics or regional limitations,many students in certain majors tend to seek employment in small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs).SMEs face certain challenges in implementing industry-education integration,and there is a lack of mature methods in specific implementation processes and talent cultivation plan generation.Taking the landscape architecture profession as an example,this paper conducts a correlation analysis and cross-analysis of the industry-required professional skills based on surveys of over 300 industry practitioners employed in SMEs.It provides professional skill cultivation modules based on market feedback.This research process and analysis method have certain reference significance for the rapid production of adaptive talent cultivation professional skill modules in other industries targeting SMEs.

Research on the Reform and Practice of Blended Teaching in “Etiquette and Cultural Cultivation” Courses: Taking Communication University of Zhejiang as an Example

Taking Communication University of Zhejiang as an example,this paper summarizes the overview of the“Etiquette and Cultural Cultivation”course and analyzes the problems existing in the teaching of the course.It also explores the ideas and practical strategies of the teaching reform of the course and sums up the innovative results achieved,to provide a reference for relevant teachers.

The Reform and Practice of Multicultural Cultivation Mode of Art Talents in Colleges and Universities Under the Strategy of “Three Highs and Four New”

As an important link in the development of modern quality education,art education is one of the methods to guide students to have a diversified vision.Under the background of multiculturalism,we need to explore the connotation and value of art education with the concept of“three highs and four new,”so that students can realize interdisciplinary and cross-cultural cognition through an immersive experience and practical operation in a wide range of multicultural situations,and to develop the knowledge of art education with the concept of“three highs and four new.”Based on the multicultural background,this paper focuses on the integration of multiculturalism into the reform practice of“student-centered”in colleges and universities,so as to cultivate art talents adapted to the multicultural background,in order to achieve the great mission of“three highs and four new”and better lead the innovative development of art education in colleges and universities.

Exploration and Practice of“Four Integration and Four Innovation”Specialized and Creative Integration Talent Cultivation Mode:Taking Chongqing Energy Vocational College as an Example

With the release of China Education Modernization 2035,education modernization has become a national strategic goal.In this context,Chongqing Energy Vocational College is actively exploring the“four integration and four innovation”specialized and creative integration talent cultivation mode,aiming at cultivating high-quality talents with innovative spirit and practical skills.This paper analyzes the status quo and challenges of talent cultivation in higher vocational education,puts forward the main practices of innovation-driven,creation and research,cross-border integration,and innovative practice,and has achieved remarkable results.Additionally,it summarizes the experience revelation and provides a reference for other higher vocational colleges and universities.

Discussion on the Talent Cultivation Strategy for Interior Design in Vocational Colleges from the Perspective of Industry-Education Integration

To further enhance the effectiveness of talent cultivation for interior design in vocational colleges,it is necessary to vigorously promote the construction of an industry-education integration model.Through this model,the roles of both enterprises and schools can be leveraged to jointly facilitate the continuous improvement of students’professional abilities and practical skills,providing a steady stream of high-quality talents for the development of the interior design field.Therefore,this paper analyzes the current issues in interior design talent cultivation in vocational colleges from the perspective of industry-education integration and proposes corresponding improvement measures.

Three Dimensions of Cultivating New Generations: Value Implication, Scientific Connotation, and Cultivation Path

The new generation of the times is the latest requirement for young people in the new era,and it is the latest training goal for young people put forward by the Party and the country in the face of the second centennial goal.At the 19th National Congress,it was put forward by the country that the concept of“new generation of the times”for the first time,indicating the training direction and theoretical guidance for the new generation of the times.The new age requires young people to have firm ideals and beliefs,excellent skills,and a great spirit of responsibility.The proposition of cultivating a new generation of the times is a deep exploration and summary of Marx’s theory of“all-round human development,”Lenin’s youth view and the education view of excellent traditional Chinese culture,and the proposition needs to strengthen the leadership of the Party,give play to the leading role of socialist core values,and the youth themselves should actively act to realize the transformation of theoretical and practical results.