Widespread Hotel： An Innovative Made in Italy Model for Cultural Tourism and Local Sustainable Development The Umbria＇s Case

Widespread hotels represent a new Italian phenomenon still not much investigated, both on theoretical and empirical side, which cannot be ignored anymore. Indeed they meet the need to implement techniques and management tools which are able to improve the culture-tourism binomial. This would permit to transform into valid instruments of national economical development, the shared declaration of intents for which culture and tourism, especially in Italy and in this particular fragile period, represent even more the main strategic levers for the sustainable development. This article intends to describe the potentiality of these widespread hotels as innovations particularly suitable with trends recently emerged in tourism sector and outline the phenomenon pattern in ltaly with particular attention on Umbria region, in order to identify his main strength and weakness and some innovation to improve performance. To this end, it starts from the analysis of the national and international economic-managerial literature concerning in particular cultural and experienced trends shown in tourism. Then it introduces the main acquisitions about widespread hotels in Italy, updating and extending them through a desk survey based on indirect sources of various natures. Lastly, it describes the case of Umbria, analyzing more in depth making use of interviews with entrepreneurs/managers of hotels and based on a semi-structured questionnaire. The aspects of indeterminateness which were found, starting from the normative one, testify how the potentiality of the widespread hotels as far as regards the value creation for the enterprise itself and the territorial stakeholder, are still not properly understood and therefore used. It is clear that, therefore, new behaviors are needed for entrepreneurs and, most importantly, for local policy makers in order to create the conditions for the full success of these hospitality models.

Sustainable development of cultural and creative industry in the internet environment

As a recent-booming field, China's cultural and creative industry has a certain gap compared with developed countries, but there also exists a potential for its market prospect, together with the help of Chinese government policies. What's more, the fast-growing internet has still provided the industry with more possibilities of further development. Analysis suggests that the internet inevitably optimizes China's cultural and creative industry by re-integration of massive resources, promoting its sustainable innovation. Thus the new industrial chain is created, and more profits would flood into the companies in this field in the meantime. In other words, the ecosystem of China's cultural and creative industry is established in this way, which would enjoy a prosperous prospect for sure.

Sustainable Tourism Development Management of Local Cultural Landscapes

Nowa days,ecological and cultural tourism,especially those ancient villages and towns in China,have attracted an in- creasing number of tourists because of their unique cultural fea- tures.However,rapid development of tourism brings economic benefits,but results in a series of problems that threaten further tourism development and protection of ancient towns,such as over-commercialization and tourism urbanization.Taking Long- men ancient town as an example,this paper presented a sustain- able way of preserving and developing resources of ancient vil- lages and towns.First,identify cultural features and the extent of ancient villages and towns,and find the approach through which a cultural landscape zoning can be applied.Second,define a coop- erative function area to release the pressure on core areas and protect their authentic cultures by extending tourism space.Third, balance tourism development with traditional industries to en- hance the sustainability of community economies.

Cultural Heritage in Vietnam With the Requirements of Sustainable Development

In the process of development, especially in the context of modernization and globalization, cultural heritage in Vietnam is facing many challenges and difficulties in resolving relationships between conservation and development, safeguarding and exploitation, economic and cultural goals, the roles of the government and the community, political and cultural factors. By studying the cases of some elements that UNESCO has inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity and List of the World Heritage Sites in Vietnam (including Vietnamese Court Music, Xoan Singing of Phu Tho province, Worship of Hung Kings in Phu Tho, the Cultural Space of the Gongs in the Central Highlands of Vietnam, Ha Long Bay, Trang An Landscape Complex and Complex of Hue Monuments), this paper aims to analyze the specific issues in the above relationships in order to clarify the challenges that the heritage is facing in compliance with the UNESCO’s Conventions on the safeguarding of cultural heritage as well as towards the sustainable development.

How to Develop Cultural Resources and Promote the Sustainable Development of Hubei’s Cultural Industry

This paper analyzes the development trend of Hubei’s cultural resources research,and puts forward the shortcomings of the current local cultural industry’s sustainable development and the effective ways to promote the sustainable development of Hubei’s cultural industry.Finally,the developemnt of this research is prospected.

Dalu VillageA Probe into Preservation and Sustainable Development of Chinese Couplet Culture in Dalu Village

Dalu Village of Guangxi province is one of the national historical and cultural villages in China.It enjoys great fame for its Chinese couplets which are viewed as a distinctive cultural heritage passed down by its ancestors roughly 400 years ago.The couplets are a cultural art of great value worth preserving and inheriting.However,with urbanization and tourist development,the couplets are under the threat of devastation and disappearance.Based on desk research and field research,studies on the value of the couplets in Dalu Village and analysis of the rising crises are presented in the paper.In addition,solutions consisting of restoration,repair and ecomuseum are put forward as an attempt to avert the crises and promote the sustainable development of Dalu Village’s couplet culture in the long run.

Tourismification and Integration of Buganda＇s Culture in Community Socio-economic Activities for Poverty Reduction and Sustainable Development

Buganda, one of oldest kingdoms in Uganda, has got a rich tangible and non-tangible cultural heritage which can be devetoped into cultural tourism products and integrated in the community socio-economic activities for national sustainable development. The paper highlights the major cultural heritage of Buganda, its development for tourism, integration in the daily socio-economic activities of the communities and contribution to SDGs （Sustainable Development Goals）. Buganda＇s culture include the Kings （Kabakas） burial grounds, Kabaka＇s lake and trail, music, dance, drama, handicrafts, traditions and food which provide an authentic cultural tourism product which compliments Uganda＇s nature tourism. Community participation and provide employment opportunities to the youth and women there by returning the tourism dollar to the community and this is important for sustainable development. The tourismification of Buganda＇s culture shall not only diversify Uganda＇s tourism industry but contribute to national sustainable development.

Development and Protection: Reshaping Cultural Policies——A Study of the UN's Advancement of Cultural and Creative Industry in Developing Countries

Cultural diversity originates from modern cultural industries. The UN's decade–long promotion of cultural diversity coincides with the advancement of China's cultural and creative industries; however, China's situation is different from the creative economy advocated by the UN in terms of developmental logic. The policy of cultural diversity provides a basis for the UN to push forward the development of cultural and creative industries in developing countries. It is derived from the developmental theories of developed countries, which regard creativity(innovation) as a "technique" and overlook its uniqueness. The digital revolution has never given fair play to developing countries which explains why the UN's promotion of cultural diversity has not yet helped developing countries to substantially increase their exports of cultural goods and services in the past ten years. Nevertheless, the development of the in ternet and digital technology may create an opportunity for developing countries to catch up with and surpass their developed neighbors. China's unique approach to cultural and creative development may serve as a model for the international community to pursue sustainable development in the future.

Sustainable Development of Wannian Rice Cultivation Culture System

Based on the research on the relevant background and significance of the sustainable development of agricultural cultural heritage,taking Wannian rice cultivation culture system as an example and its natural environment,traditional agricultural production activities,unique cultural patterns,socio-economic development and protection,and protection and development approach as the basis for evaluation,an evaluation index system for the sustainable development of Wannian rice cultivation culture system was constructed.Each index was quantified and standardized,and their weight was determined through the analytic hierarchy process to obtain the comprehensive evaluation value of the sustainable development of Wannian rice cultivation culture system.The evaluation value was analyzed to propose the main issues in the sustainable development of Wannian rice cultivation culture.

Sustainable Intervention Plans for Igbo Cultural Region of Nigeria

The Igbos are one of the major tribes of Nigeria. Over the years, their distinct way of living have further accentuated their culture. The paper discusses the Igbo cultural landscape region which comprises of rural autonomous communities made up of clusters of kindred and villages. In spite of the existence of the townships serving as trade, political and administrative centers for more than one century, the rate of urbanization has been very slow thereby affecting the development of the communities physically, economically and socially at astonishing rates consuming farmlands and traditional community boundaries. This paper is aimed at creating awareness on the unique regional growth pattern in Igbo land heavily dependent on cultural and natural heritages for purpose of determining adaptable regional planning strategies for such vibrant cultural region. It has examined the key issues and suggested a way forward to a more sustainable development of the region.

Micro Renewal of Historical and Cultural Blocks under the Sustainable Goal: A Case Study of Anzhen Xili Community

Under the background of urban stock development, the residential environment of historical and cultural blocks is facing many challenges. By exploring the theories of "sustainable development" and "micro renewal", Anzhen Xili Community is taken as research object, and the problems of space construction are sorted out from the aspects of historical inheritance and block texture. Based on unique resources in the area, optimization strategies are put forward from the aspects of traffic structure optimization, building structure repair, small and micro space activation, community boundary opening and institutionalization of maintenance means, and a small-scale, short-cycle, and sustainable community renewal scheme easy to implement is formed. The research aims to provide new methods and ideas for improving the spatial quality of historical and cultural blocks.

Structural Preservationm Priority of the Sustainable Management of Bulgarian Cultural and Historical Heritage Buildings

Bulgarian cultural heritage is the most important part of the national wealth and a major factor in the accreditation of the Bulgarian cultural identity. Preservation of cultural and historical heritage valuables of one nation determines its development and presents an integrated project for their use in accordance with the contemporary needs of the society. Sustainable management and adaptation of Bulgarian cultural and historical heritage buildings are a guarantee for preservation of their value, including social, economical, political, scientific, aesthetic, philosophical, spiritual, architectural, structural, archeological and sentimental aspects of this value. Regarding to this, structural preservation presents a priority of the sustainable management of Bulgarian cultural and historical heritage buildings. For that type of buildings, the traditional methods for structural strengthening are not applicable and the development of individual rehabilitation programs is required. They must always reflect the specific conditions and building＇s importance. The existing technical regulations in Bulgaria are presented and general recommendations for their applications and future development are done. Regarding to the Bulgarian current law and governing regulations, the implementation plan for the conservation and management is presented in this paper. Based on the analysis of the principles of the sustainable management and especially of the structural preservation, some general conclusions are made.

A Theoretical Model of Cultural Heritage Tourism from the Perspective of Community Participation

Concept of community participation was introduced,and Penang taken for example to study the community participation in cultural heritage tourism.On the basis of the literature review and the statistic data,a theoretical community participation model of community participation in cultural heritage tourism was constructed which combines two perspectives:objective and subjective.This research has significant theoretical and practical meanings not only just for cultural heritage tourism but also for other tourism products.

Cultural Landscape Evolution of Traditional Agricultural Villages in North China——Case of Qianzhai Village in Shandong Province

Agricultural village is an important rural type in China. The evolution process and mechanism of its cultural landscape are different from those of the industrialized village. The paper focuses this theme by a case study of Qianzhai Village of Qufu City, Shangdong Province. In the case of Qianzhai Village, the evolution of its settlement has experienced three stages: mechanical expansion, sprawling expansion and hollowing, and recentralization. The land- scape evolution of residents' houses has undergone three phases: traditional quadrangle house, one-storied house and multistoried house. The evolution of its land use has experienced three stages: circled stratification, fragment and intensive use, and concentration and extensive use. We can see that the main driving factors of cultural landscape evolu- tion of agricultural village are the changes of rural population, society, economy and culture, which are influenced by the change of urban-rural relation, the national modernization process and economic development, the reform of family planning and land system, and the changes in governmental policies. In the future, the modernization, ecological trend, and individualization for residents' houses of agricultural villages in China will develop step by step. The recentralization of settlement and the scaled, sustainable, intensive land use are likely to be the trends of agricultural villages in China.

Innovative Design of Sustainable Landscapes Integrating People-oriented,History,and Ecology

Sustainable landscape is the only trend of future landscape development,it is of realistic significance to guide landscape architects to engage in sustainable landscape design.In this study,landscape design experience in recent years was summarized and analyzed by studying relevant design cases,then innovative design of sustainable landscapes integrating people-oriented,history and ecology was proposed to help landscape architects or beginners confused about the complex design techniques to figure out the design orientation.

Research on Stormwater Management of Cultural Heritage Ilmpark in Weimar Germany Based on Urban Resilience

With the development of cities, problems like natural and social disasters appeared more and more frequently. For example, rapid urbanization and climate change have caused both increasing flood probability and the severity of flooding. Consequently, there is a need for all cities to develop new strategies to maintain their vitality in numerous challenges and crises. This paper in the first place reviews the concept and research fields of urban resilience;besides, according to the characteristics of the Ilmpark situated in Weimar, This paper analyzes the necessity and potential on stormwater management of this area and then it concludes the alternative strategies of improvement based on the theory of urban resilience.

Visitor Motivations and Barriers for Sustainable Music Festival Tourism: The Case of Street Mode & Reworks Festivals

During the last decade, music festivals are increasingly used as an important motivator to attract visitors, giving riseto a more sustainable tourism growth in hand with cultural stimulation for the cities. This research paper aims toaddress the motives and barriers of music festival visitors travelling to attend two music events in the second largestGreek city of Thessaloniki in Northern Greece. The main objective of the research paper is to determine the visitors’motivation for choosing to attend each festival and thereafter the challenges they face during their visit in the city.This exploratory research study focuses on two distinct and popular music festivals namely Reworks Festival andStreet Mode Festival. Both events share three main characteristics: (1) They host both international & Greekprofessional artists;(2) they are primarily privately funded;and (3) they have achieved a consecutive 10 years ofsuccessful presence in the city attracting thousands of visitors each year. The research methodology is based on thecollection of qualitative data by conducting one to one interviews with festival visitors. Findings of the analysis ofthe two festivals direct at identifying the commonalities & differences in tourists’ drives and obstacles in regards totheir festival attendance and visit in the city of Thessaloniki. In both cases, it is inferred that both festivals have alot of further untapped potential, as unique city branding tools, adding value to the destinations and extending thetourism season. Conclusions can contribute to building more concise and sustainable destination tourism strategiesand, therefore, more successful and sustainable events, with long-term benefits, ranging from local to nationallevels.

Community participation in cultural heritage and environmental policy formulation in Botswana

Cultural heritage does not have direct economic benefits. However, if properly managed it can stimulate social cohesions, improving the environment and have beneficial economic spin offs for the local communities. This paper discusses the role of communities in the formulation of the policies concerning their local environment. It argues that community engagement by policy makers is important in giving legitimacy and ownership of the policies. Furthermore, this paper discusses the potential of cultural heritage in diversifying the economy in Botswana. This paper recommends for the re-assessment of the relationship between the state and local communities which is critical in resuscitating the seemingly ailing community business organizations. In conclusion, it argues for the sustainable management of cultural heritage as a social and economic resource in the next 50 years of Botswana's independence.

Vertical Zonation of Horticultural Farming in the Alaknanda Basin of Garhwal Himalaya, India

Horticultural practice in the Himalayas has great importance not only for economic development but also for environmental restoration. In the entire Himalayan mountain system, from Jammu and Kashmir Himalaya to Assam Himalaya, the practice of horticulture is centuries old, which includes varieties of fruits along with availability of high quality and quantity. In terms of the Alaknanda Basin, which is centrally located in the Himalayan system, the practice of horticulture does not get commercial level; only it is cultivated domestically. The climatic conditions ranging from sub-tropical (low-lying river valleys) to alpine and frigid (highly elevated regions) are suited for varieties of fruit cultivation, yet the benefit of this could not be utilized by the residents who are working in the agricultural fields. Besides, less proportion of land is devoted for fruit cultivation along with domestic production of fruits. The varieties of fruit cultivated in the basin range from mango-guava-papaya, stone-net, citrus to apple at the different elevations. Along with the cultivated fruits, varieties of wild fruits are also found in the jungle. There are four climatic zones suitable for the production of various fruits as below:? Sub-tropical zone including the lower part of the Alaknanda, Pindar, Nandakini, and Mandakini rivers is suitable for mango, guava, and papaya; ? Sub-temperate zone in the middle basin of the Alaknanda, Pindar, Nandakini and Mandakini rivers is a good place for citrus fruits, particularly orange and lemon; ? Temperate zone occupying the Dauli, Vishnu Ganga, Upper Pinder, Nandakini and Mandakini rivers is highly productive for apple, nut and stone fruits; ? Alpine meadows in the highly elevated region are known as Bugyal famous for herb culture. Each of these zones has distinct physical features, environmental conditions and socio-economic identity for fruit cultivation. The present paper aims to discuss about the vertical zonation of the horticultural farming and its nature, in terms of development, in the Alaknada Basin.

Discourse System Construction and Cultural Heritage Safeguarding in the Belt and Road Context

Since the 1950 s,the concepts of "heritage" and "cultural heritage" have undergone significant modification and extension both in terms of connotation and denotation.Such a process highlights the international community's efforts to further safeguard cultural heritage by respecting and promoting cultural diversity and human creativity.It is also directly related to UNESCO's continual development of multilateral norms in the cultural sphere.In this context,the safeguarding of cultural heritage in countries and regions along the routes of the traditional Silk Road has been endowed with significance beyond culture.A review of UNESCO's introduction of relevant conventions and the cultural heritage categories it safeguards,along with an analysis of the ICH(intangible cultural heritage) items,indicates that cultural diversity-enabled promotion of shared human legacy does not only concern the cultural sphere,but also has an increasingly profound correlation with the sustainable development of human society.Moreover,this cause is also a research field worth in-depth observation and summarization in discourse system construction and cultural heritage safeguarding in the Belt and Road context.