Effect of culture methods on individual variation in the growth of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus within a cohort and family

There is substantial individual variation in the growth rates of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus individuals. This necessitates additional work to grade the seed stock and lengthens the production period. We evaluated the infl uence of three culture methods(free-mixed, isolated-mixed, isolated-alone) on individual variation in growth and assessed the relationship between feeding, energy conversion efficiency, and individual growth variation in individually cultured sea cucumbers. Of the different culture methods, animals grew best when reared in the isolated-mixed treatment(i.e., size classes were held separately), though there was no difference in individual variation in growth between rearing treatment groups. The individual variation in growth was primarily attributed to genetic factors. The difference in food conversion efficiency caused by genetic differences among individuals was thought to be the origin of the variance. The level of individual growth variation may be altered by interactions among individuals and environmental heterogeneity. Our results suggest that, in addition to traditional seed grading, design of a new kind of substrate that changes the spatial distribution of sea cucumbers would effectively enhance growth and reduce individual variation in growth of sea cucumbers in culture.

On Chinese Collectivism and American Individualism in Food Culture

The thesis analysis Chinese collectivism and American individualism mainly from food culture.The thesis has four parts.The first part expounds the two different values' concept.The second part analysis the two different values in detail from the way of cooking,diet style,dietary ideas and different types of payment through comparison.Chinese pay attention to seasoning,while America natural taste in the way of preparing;Chinese diet style is group dining system,while American diet style is individual dining system;Chinese dietary idea is emotional,while American dietary idea is rational;Chinese like my treat,American like go Dutch.The third part expounds the reasons of different values reflected in the two food culture.And it analysis the main reason from four part above mentioned in detail.The fourth part expounds that the paper aims at letting us learn about two countries' deep-structure culture hidden in food culture.And then we can keep the communication open.

Establishment of organoid models for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and screening of individualized therapy strategy

Background:Patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)who undergo surgical resection and receive effective chemotherapy have the best chance for longterm survival.Unfortunately,because of the heterogeneity of pancreatic cancer,it is difficult to find a personalized treatment strategy for patients.Organoids are ideal preclinical models for personalized medicine.Therefore,we explore the cultivation conditions and construction methods of PDAC organoid models to screen the individualized therapy strategy.Methods:Fresh PDAC tissues from surgical resection were collected and digested with digestive enzymes;then the tumor cells were embedded in Matrigel with a suitable medium to establish the PDAC organoid models.The genetic stability of the organoids was analyzed using whole exon sequencing;hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry of organoids were performed to analyze their consistency with the pathological morphology of the patient's tumor tissue;After 2 days of organoid culture,we selected four commonly used clinical chemotherapy drugs for single or combined treatment to analyze drug sensitivity.Results:Two cases of PDAC organoid models were successfully established,and the results of their pathological characteristics and exome sequencing were consistent with those of the patient's tumor tissue.Both PDAC organoids showed more sensitivity to gemcitabine and cisplatin,and the combined treatment was more effective than monotherapy.Conclusion:Both organoids better retained the pathological characteristics,genomic stability,and heterogeneity with the original tumor.Individual PDAC organoids exhibited different sensitivities to the same drugs.Thus,this study provided ideal experimental models for screening individualized therapy strategy for patients with PDAC.

Individualism与“个人主义”

自文艺复兴和启蒙运动以来,在西方社会一直居主导地位的价值观是individualism,但individualism并不就是国人眼里的“个人主义”,更不等同于利己主义。因为张扬个性自由、崇尚个人权利、强调民主、平等,同时也尊重他人及其权利是individualism的真正而典型的特征。但把individualism译成汉语,就成了“个人主义”,就变成了自私自利、见利忘义等极端利己主义的代名词。实际上,以个人为本位的individualism与以群体为本位的集体主义是中西文化价值观的两大基本表现。本文从individualism的传统文化探寻西方社会中individualism的历史渊源与现实状况,以期重新审视并给以公正的评价。

关键词的文化模筑作用:Individualism和“个人主义”分析

对关键词的翻译是中国文化史上有重要意义的大事。选取文化转型时期学人讨论颇多的关键词“个人主义”,对其源词及目的词作一些训诂的研究,讨论其翻译和应用过程,可以得出关键词的翻译对构建当时中国文化的范式所起的模筑作用。

On Collectivism-Individualism dimension in Chinese and Western Family Relationships

Western culture emphasizes on individualism,individual freedom and personal choice,while Chinese people put more emphasis on collectivism.Collectivism-Individualism value differences can also be reflected in Chinese and Western Family Relationships,which may sometimes lead to conflicts between the couples in the cross-cultural marriage and their families.

浅谈英汉礼貌语言的差异——以对“Individualism”(个人主义)的不同理解为例

在跨文化交际中,由于不同的文化价值观,人们对“礼貌”的理解不尽相同,对“礼貌”的表达方式也产生了必然的差异。在众多各异的表达“礼貌”的言语行为中,仅从英汉对“Individualism”(个人主义)的不同理解出发,就引发了一系列各自的礼貌语言。

Short Form of Weinstein Noise Sensitivity Scale(NSS-SF): Reliability, Validity and Gender Invariance among Chinese Individuals

Objective Independent from noise exposure, noise sensitivity plays a pivotal role in people＇s noise annoyance perception and concomitant health deteriorations. The present study empirically investigated the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Weinstein Noise Sensitivity Scale-Short Form （CNSS-SF）, the widely used inventory measuring individual differences in noise perception.Methods In total, 373 Chinese participants （age = 21.41 ± 3.36） completed the online, anonymous questionnaire package. Examination of the CNSS-SF＇s reliability （internal consistency）, factorial validity through validation and cross-validation, nomological validity and measurement invariance across gender groups were undertaken.Results The Cronbach alpha coefficients and composite reliabilities indicated sufficient reliability of the CNSS-SF. Two confirmatory factor analyses （CFA）, in two randomly partitioned groups of participants, substantiated the factorial validity of the scale. The nomological validity of the scale was also corroborated by the significant positive association of its score with the trait anxiety score. Measurement invariance of the CNSS-SF was also found across genders via multi-group CFA.Conclusion Though not without limitations, findings from the present research provide promising evidence for the utility of the scale in measuring noise sensitivity among the Chinese population. The availability of the CNSS-SF can promote research related to environmental noise and health in China, as well as facilitate cross-cultural comparisons.

Analysis on Factors Influencing Translation—from the Perspective of Linguistic Individuality

The theory of linguistic individuality and second language individuality,especially the three-level structure of Y.N.Karaulov,reveals the two most important factors influencing translation,which has great guiding significance to translation practice.

Two Reasons to Demonstrate Why American Beverage and Individualism Investments Should Be Welcomed

In recent years,the Chinese beverage market has become more mature and customers have changed their priorities when buying drinks.Furthermore,Chinese people who are more likely to focus on group interests tend to have more collectivism.The purpose of this article is to analyze the reasons why the investments of American beverage corporates and the American individualism should be welcomed.The findings are(1)Coca-Cola Company have more strengths and opportunities than weaknesses when they advertise in China;(2)the carbonated industry is predicted to have a not very bright future;(3)the methods that American beverage industry advertise make Chinese people’s lives colorful owing to their advocacies and CSR awareness;(4)American individualism can push Chinese employees to be more competent.

On the Translation of Individualism

In China,individualism is translated into "个人主义",whereas in western culture,the connotation of individualism doesn't equal to "个人主义" in China.Individualism is the soul of western culture which consists of the core part of western civilization,however,when interpreted into Chinese,individualism represents selfish.It is obvious that individualism is turned from positive into negative.The paper attempts at the proper translation and proves into the equivalence theory to find the reason.

Individualism and Collectivism

The world could be analyzed in many dimensions,like rich and poor,peace and warfare,equal and oppressive,but one of the most important dimensions may be the difference between different societies of individualist and collectivist.This article is trying to discuss is the difference between individualism and collectivism in the western and eastern cultures,and also will explain and discuss it in some aspects,such as their viewpoint,their attitude on self-enhancement and self-criticism,and the goal setting and motivation,and take some cases which some researches and psychologists did and some cases found for example to describe it.Also it presents that social orientation and environment,and culture background will take important role to impact people’s mind and choice on individualism and collectivism.No matter individual or collective,it all have advantage and disadvantage for each,it needs comprehensive evaluation for differential environment which can obtain relative reasonable conclusion.

显性断裂与隐性承袭:从代际共育看家庭伦理的现代化

本文以“农二代”城市新移民家庭的代际共育为经验研究对象,讨论农业家庭进城后中间一代在同居共育过程中重建家庭平衡的实践过程。一方面,面对强大的现代化压力,中间一代有意识地依据培养现代个体的观念与技术来抚育子代,他们对自己儿时被抚育经历的反思强化了“为人父母”时抚育理念的现代化,造成祖代与中间一代观念上的显性断裂。另一方面,在共居育儿的生活实践中,中间一代又隐性承袭了亲子一体的传统意识,既会无意识地调用亲子一体的伦理资源来平衡家庭关系,也可能在不同程度上存在“文化自觉”,体认到育儿的现代实践依赖传统一体的支持。“一体”与“个体”的交织塑造着家内行动者尤其是女性的感情世界。这一过程既展现了中国式现代化进程中传统伦理深沉而恒常的支持力量,又蕴含着其在当下实现创造性转化的可能。

地方感知视角下非物质文化遗产景区品牌评价研究

非物质文化遗产景区品牌化已成为获取竞争优势的重要途径,旅游者对塑造成功品牌具有关键驱动作用,如何提升旅游者品牌评价值得深入探讨。该文以非遗景区品牌建设为背景,基于571份游客有效问卷数据,探索游客个人怀旧倾向、非遗旅游体验质量与景区品牌评价之间的关系,并纳入地方性感知探讨其内在机制。结果表明:旅游者的非遗旅游体验质量与个人怀旧倾向均对景区品牌评价产生显著正向影响,地方性感知发挥部分中介作用;旅游者个人怀旧倾向对非遗旅游体验质量具有显著正向影响,非遗旅游体验质量在个人怀旧倾向与地方性感知、景区品牌评价的关系间起部分中介作用。围绕非遗产品对景区品牌的增值作用,形成对“非遗进景区”的产品选择、文化塑造及体验提升等方面的相关启示与建议,将是促进非遗景区品牌长远发展的重要考量。

创意体验视角下沉浸式文旅发展及创新设计策略

互联网技术的蓬勃发展,使得沉浸式文旅在当下已成为可能。文章以沉浸式文旅创新设计为研究对象,阐述了沉浸式文旅的概念及主要特点;从题材设计、技术应用、场所建设方面以典型案例进行分析;从空间包裹感、环境虚拟性、内容参与性方面总结了构建沉浸式文旅的关键维度;结合沉浸式文旅特点提出了个性化、主题化、传播化设计策略,旨在为沉浸式文旅发展提供参考。

名字独特性上升的成因:宏观和微观解释

近几十年来,全球多个国家均出现名字独特性上升的现象,但具体的变化原因尚不清楚。本研究提出,宏观水平的独特性文化价值观上升和微观水平的独特性心理需要上升可以解释独特起名行为的增加,并以中国为例进行实证检验。研究1发现,强调独特性的文化价值观(而非强调独立或竞争的价值观)的上升可以解释名字独特性的上升,在时间序列上是其变化的格兰杰原因。研究2发现,独特性需要(而非自恋或自尊)的增长可以解释年轻(相比于年长)个体在起名任务中对独特名字的偏好。研究3发现,在真实起名过程中,年轻(相比于年长)父母更多强调孩子名字的独特性(而非现代性、积极性或其他特征)。综上,日益增长的独特性追求(而非个人主义的其他维度或相关特征)是独特名字逐渐兴起的特定原因,这启示未来研究应关注并检验心理与行为变迁的具体机制。