Studies on the Avoidance of Cultural Conflicts from the Aspect of Relationship between Non-verbal Communication and Culture

Nowadays,communication with foreign people isbecoming closer.While,misunderstandings occur frequently inthis process.The main purpose of this essay is to offer some pro-posals on the problem of misunderstandings and conflicts in inter-cultural communication from the aspect of relationship betweenculture and non-verbal communication.

International Transmission of Chinese Medical Culture: Problems and Solutions

International transmission of Chinese medical culture is of great importance for the worldwide spread of traditional Chinese culture, which faces many problems, like the serious impact from western medicine and other traditional medicines, low professional quality of its practitioners, language barriers, etc. It's urgent to propose some practical solutions.

Beyond the Clash of Civilizations:A Hypothetical Solution to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict based on the“Five Relationships Culture”Theory

The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict,also be called Arab-Israeli conflict,is a touchstone for the twentieth and twenty-fifirst centuries.The“Five Relationships Culture”is a theory developed by the Chinese people from their own origin and roots,from experience awareness,through conceptual reflection,and then theory construction.The perspective of cultural reconciliation of Palestinian-Israeli conflict provided by the“Five Relationships Culture”Theory may be a relatively unique explanation.

Culture Conflict and Resolution in English Teaching

With the appearance of globalization,communication across cultures plays an important role in English learning.However,in the traditional English teaching of China,we have mainly focused on teaching grammar and language skills.In this paper,the author employs collaborative learning model with the author's teaching practice to illustrate the conflict resolution and the importance of cultures from a dialogue of team work in the process of teaching.And in order to educate the consciousness of students in communication across cultures,the author puts forward some suggestions.

分析族群冲突问题的新模式——试评Ethnic Conflict:Commerce,Culture,and Contact Hypothesis

加拿大多伦多大学政治学系福布斯(H.D.Forbes)教授的著作《族群冲突:贸易、文化及接触理论》在分析、借鉴其它社会科学研究成果的基础上,向人们展示了一种理解和诠释族群冲突问题的新视角。该著作通过评析"接触理论"的利弊,提出了一个替代性的"语言模型"。以"语言模型"为基础的研究表明接触怎样能够同时改善和恶化族群关系:在个人层面上,接触能使族群关系更加和谐;但在群体层面上,接触可能会激发人们保留各自的群体认同,从而避免他们在同化中付出沉重代价。福布斯认为,接触是一个过程,而不是一个结果,它能打破社会分层,减少文化差异,但同化威胁到一个群体的存在,因此增加了彼此间的紧张关系。毋庸置疑,族群间的差异是冲突合理存在且不可避免的重要原因。

The Conflict between Chinese and Western Cultures in the Process of Globalization and the Adjustment

Along with the globalization,all fields in the society are making a very broad,profound epochal change.Globalization has developed its own outstanding cultural characteristics in the development,and simultaneously the social and cultural influences from the era of globalization are also very significant.Because of globalization,the conflict between Chinese and western cultures widely emerge,which has been reflected obviously from different levels.Thus,it is imperative to adjust Chinese and western cultures in the process of globalization.

Analysis of Culture Conflicts in The Joy Luck Club from the High-context and Low-context Culture Perspective

As a work that reflects culture differences between China and America, the Joy Luck Club has drawn a wide attention from scholars whose researches are more of holistic analyses from a macro perspective of cross-cultural communication. In accordance with the degree of dependence of semantic on dialogue context and dialogue language itself, Edward Hall divides culture into high-context culture and low-context culture, and holds that Chinese culture is a high-context culture, while American culture is a low- context one. According to Hall's theory, the Sino- US cultural conflicts reflected by the mother- daughter conflicts in the Joy Luck Club can be analyzed from high-context and low-context culture perspective. And after conflicts, there finally will be a harmonious trend of Sino-US culture development, changing from clash and conflict to convergence and integration.

Conflict between Chinese and Western Sports Cultures and the Practice Choice in the Era of Globalization

A multi-level analysis on the conflict between Chinese and western sports cultures in the era of globalization must be always made for realzaing the co-development of the two sports cultures in the era of globalization.To choose the ways of developing the sports culture in the era of globalization,it is necessary to implement from breaking misunderstandings,strengthening the protection of the national traditional sports,learning from excellent western sports cultures,promoting the comprehensive innovation of sports culture,etc.

Exploration of Cross-Cultural Pragmatic Failures in English Interpretation and Their Solutions

From the perspective of international market development and international cultural exchange,English is the main applied language,especially in most western countries.With the deepening of global economic integration and international trade,cultural collisions are becoming increasingly frequent,and interpretation in different languages is inevitably required.However,interpretation does not only mean transfer language,it also involves culture.In the practice of interpretation,some errors arise from the lack of cross-cultural awareness,which becomes pragmatic errors.Therefore,this article will mainly discuss cross-cultural pragmatic failures in English interpretation with some examples and specific solutions.Firstly,it will introduce what pragmatic failures are and typical types of failures,clarify the relationship between English interpretation and pragmatic failures,and then elaborate on representative cross-cultural pragmatic failures in English interpretation.Finally,it will summarize the reasons and solutions that lead to cross-cultural pragmatic failures in English interpretation,putting forward corresponding suggestions for reducing cross-cultural pragmatic failures.

Cultural Conflicts and Fusion in the Process of Christianity Disseminating in China

This paper focuses on cultural conflicts,mainly conflicts of God oriented and people oriented world view,different view towards human nature- virtue culture and guilt culture,the theology that all are equal before God and hierarchical order tradition,monotheism and polytheism,conflict between the doctrine and the concept of clan,briefly,that between Chinese traditional culture and Christian doctrine in the process of the religion disseminating in China.It also touches upon the beneficial attributes of Chinese culture for the fusion of the two culture patterns.

Interpretation on Cultural Conflicts between America and China and the Conflict Root Cause Reflected in The Joy Luck Club

This paper is mainly written to explore how cultural differences and clashes between America and China give rise to mother-daughter discords and conflicts. The paper was conducted based on the definition of culture in order to make clear of cultural conflicts. It is written to analyze the two groups of women immigrants unavoidably encountering the clash between their ancestral culture—Chinese culture and the dominant culture--American culture. Furthermore, the paper demonstrates that the mothers' Chinese roots are the root cause of misunderstandings and conflicts between their American-born daughters and themselves.Besides, the writer analyzes that different standpoints towards education value between mothers and American- born daughters cause their misunderstanding and conflicts. The conclusion is that the diversities between Chinese culture and American culture are the root cause for the mother-daughter discords and conflicts.

The Conflict and Reconciliation between the Two Societies——An Interpretation of the Novel "I Heard the Owl Call my Name" by Margaret Craven

For a long time Indians have remained a mystery to people not only in America but also in other parts of the world.The little that is known about them certainly makes people want to know a great deal more. Indian's unique culture,customs and values are exciting the immense interest of all. Under such circumstances the novel"! Heard the Owl Call My Name"written by Margaret Craven achieves much popularity and captures great attention of all. The focus of this paper is on the cultural conflict and reconciliation between Indians and the non-native people.

The Impact of Culture on Diplomacy and How to Bridge Cultural Gaps in Diplomacy

With the sudden change of the political structure in the world and the acceleration of the globalization,the impact of culture on diplomacy is becoming increasingly obvious.Especially some conflicts in the diplomacy have made it more important to study and analyze the international relations from a cultural perspective.Culture can be the cause of misunderstanding in diplomatic negotiation,but it can also be a very useful tool and instrument for global public diplomacy.Culture as a"soft power" should be used as the key in the diplomacy to bridge the cultural gaps,reduce conflict and misunderstanding and lead to the common goal of peace and development.

The Conflicts of Huck''s Self-consciousness and His Spiritual Growth in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is one of the masterpieces of American novelist Mark Twain. In this novel, Twain not onlydescribes the courageous adventures of Huck, but also his psychological or spiritual growth. Due to the social and cultural back-ground of that time and general cultural concept the protagonist was instilled before, the conflicts of the protagonist's self-con-sciousness appear many times in this novel when the issue of slavery is concerned. However, through the protagonist's inner con-flicts, he finally gains spiritual growth and obtains a higher level of moral maturity.

Variation, Conflict and Integration--A Study of the Movie The Guasha Treatment from the Perspective of Cultural Identity

The movie The Guasha Treatment tells a story about the cultural conflict an immigrant family encounters in America caused by Guasha,a traditional Chinese medical treatment.The essay studies the movie from the perspective of cultural identity,elaborates the cultural conflicts,and suggests that different cultural identities can be coordinated in efforts of people of different cultures.

Effect of Lanthanum on Rice Growth and Phy siological Parameters with Split-Root Nutrient Solution Culture

Split-root solution culture was used to study the promoting effect of lanthanum on rice (Oryza sativa) growth and its physiological mechanisms. Results sho w that low concentration (0.05～1.5 mg·L -1) increases rice yield an d grain numbers. High concentration depresses grain formation (9～30 mg·L -1 ) and root elongation (1.5～30 mg·L -1). No significant influence on str aw dry weight was found over the whole concentration range except the 0.05 mg·L -1 treatment. With the increase of La concentration from 0.05 to 0.75 mg· L -1, catalase (CAT) activity in the first fully expandeing leaves and root s decreases. When La concentration is greater than 0.75 mg·L -1 or less than 9 mg·L -1, it significantly decreases superoxide dismutase activity ( SOD) in the leaves and roots. No significant effects were found on chlorophyll, protein and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Possible mechanisms of La′s promotin g effect on rice growth and reduction effect of ·O- 2 were discussed.

Effects of High Ammonium Concentration on Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Lettuce Plants with Solution Culture

A nutrition solution experiment was conducted over two months to investigate the response of vegetable crops to high concentrations of ammonium, using lettuce （Lactuca sativa L. cv. Angustana Irish） as a test crop. Ammonium concentrations were designed in 5 levels, ranging from 12 mmol N L^-1 to 22 mmol N L^-1 and local tap water was used as water source. At the first culture stage （0-9 days）, lettuce plants maintained normal growth while the lettuce roots were increasingly impaired. During the subsequent three stages the root structure was greatly damaged, and roots became brown or black through continuous supply of high concentration of ammonium. However, there was no obvious reduction of the aboveground biomass of the plants in the high ammonium treatments compared to those supplied with nitrate alone. In contrast to results obtained in another experiment from us with distilled water, the detrimental effect of high ammonium concentration on lettuce growth was greatly alleviated. Based on the results, it was postulated that the small amount of nitrate and the higher amount of bicarbonate existed in the tap water might mitigate the adverse effects of high ammonium N. The higher bicarbonate content in water and soil has usually been regarded as a major constraint factor limiting plant growth in calcareous soil areas. However, the reaction of bicarbonate to ammonium might produce positively interactive effect on reduction of both damages. The lettuce plants grown in ammonium solutions took up less P, K, Fe, Mn and Cu and more Ca than those grown in the nitrate nutrient solution. In conclusion, the results indicated that the N form imposed an obvious influence on absorption of cations and anions. Supplying ammonium-N stimulated transport of Ca, Mg and Mn to shoots of lettuce.