Translation of Culture-loaded Words in The Golden Cangue under the Perspective of Reception Aesthetics

Good translations play a very important role in cultural exchange.The idea of reception aesthetics think the reader as the center in translation process.This paper will study the translation of culture-loaded words from the perspective of reception aesthetics.It is divided into five parts.The first part mainly introduces the background and theoretical foundation of this paper,the second part introduces the writer’s works,the third part gives examples to analyze the culture-loaded words appearing in The Golden Cangue,the fourth part gives examples of the translation methods,and the fifth part is the conclusion.It aims to provide a reference for the English translation of culture-loaded words.

A Study on the English Translation of Culture-Loaded Words From the Perspective of Relevance-Theoretic Translation Theory-A Case Study of Yang Xianyi’s The True Story of Ah Q

Culture-loaded words reveal the basic features of a country’s social life,customs and habits,religious beliefs,and so on.The meanings of culture-loaded words contain the profound cultural connotation of a country or a nation.However,due to the influence of different cultures,the original author and the target readers lack a common cognitive context,which means they cannot successfully conduct a cultural communication.Therefore,correctly understanding and translating these culture-loaded words have become a major problem for translators in the translation process of literary works.Under the guidance of the dual ostensive-inferential model in relevance-theoretical translation theory,this paper,by emphasizing the importance of common cognitive context to a successful translation,analyzes the translation process of five categories of culture-loaded words and summarizes the translation strategies that can accurately convey the writing intention of the original author,which provides a new perspective for the translation of culture-loaded words.

A Study on German Translation Strategies of Culture-Loaded Words in Documentary Hexi Corridor(Expert)by Adaptation Theory

This paper deals with the translation strategies of Chinese Culture-Loaded Words from the perspective of adaptation theory.It is based on the translation text of the sixth episode“Silk Road”and the seventh episode“Dunhuang”of the documentary Hexi Corridor.Many words with Chinese cultural connotations appear in the subtitles of this documentary.This paper will be divided into four parts.The first part and the second part deal with the basic theories,i.e.,definition of Chinese Culture-Loaded Words and of adaptation theory.The original text is analysed in the third part.This part deals with the background and specifics of the language of the documentary film Hexi Corridor.The fourth part deals with the difficulties encountered by the author in translation practice and the corresponding solutions adopted by the author.The translation difficulties are solved by five translation methods,namely transliteration,loan translation,substitution,interpretation,and adaptation.

On the Study of Translation Approaches of Culture-loaded Words in Literary Works

Culture-loaded words refer to expressions and idioms that carry typically culture messages. The peculiarity of one culture cannot be understood or accepted by readers from another culture. The uniqueness very likely makes misunderstanding and may lead to cultural vacancy in other cultures. Due to the culture differences between Chinese and English, it is hard for a translator to achieve complete equivalence at the level of word. This paper discusses the translation approaches of Chinese cultureloaded words in literary works.

A Study on Translation of Chinese Culture-loaded Words from the Per-spective of Relevance Theory

The essay tends to analyze the translation of Chinese Culture-loaded words from the perspective of Relevance Theory.The theory gains its prominence by studying the translation process and transcending the conflicts between literal and free translation. It incorporates recent work in cognitive linguistics, with ostensive-inference as its key model. Under the influence of Relevance theory, the translation of culture-loaded words is reader-oriented. Translators are obliged to help target readers to establish new assumptions to achieve equivalent response.

Translation of the Culture-loaded Words

The culture-loaded words are a special vocabulary of all kinds of language.And its translation has been one of the most difficult problems in the academic field.When culture-loaded words are being translated from the source language into the target language,the translator should have a clear knowledge of the differences in understanding the same culture-loaded word of both the source language reader and the target language reader.This paper deals with strategies for optimizing the translation of culture-loaded words,especially translating Chinese culture-loaded words into English.Alienation translation favors communicating the characteristics and connotation of Chinese and English culture.

Translation Strategy of Chinese Culture-loaded Lexes and the Dissemination of Chinese Culture

Lexes are the most important and basic element of a language.Chinese culture-loaded lexes are those words or expressions that are greatly rich in Chinese culture.They can reflect the characteristics of Chinese culture and Chinese nation.Therefore,it is of great significance to pay attention to the translation of Chinese culture-loaded lexes as they play a decisive role in disseminating Chinese culture.It can help promote Chinese culture worldwide,improve China's cultural exchanges and communication with other nations and strengthen China's status in the world.This paper focuses on the Chinese culture-loaded words and proposes some possible means of translation with the purpose of spreading Chinese culture.

A Quantitative Study on the Translation Strategy of Material Culture-loaded Words in The Story of Stone by David Hawkes

The culture-loaded word is a symbol of national culture,since national culture with distinctive features is directly or indirectly reflected in its vocabulary.This paper is driven both by qualitative research and by quantitative method through the comparison and analysis of translation strategies involved in the five types of material culture-loaded-words,namely,apparel,diet,equipment,architecture and medicine,in The Story of Stone by David Hawkes.With the final quantitative statistics of the proportion of each translation method,it aims to scrutinize either the broad spectrum or the specific characteristics of those translation strategies so as to provide a perspective for the study of cultural translations.

A Study of Translation Strategies of Culture-Loaded Words in Knechtges’ Ci and Fu Version From the Perspective of Memetics

Chinese Ci and Fu has a wide selection of materials and contains rich words.It is extensive and profound which is rich in Chinese cultural connotation and national characteristics.D.R.Knechtges is a famous Sinologist,specializing in Ci and Fu and being proficient in Wen Xuan.His translation of the Fu in Wen Xuan was a masterpiece.Through the perspective of memetics,this paper studies five kinds of culture-loaded words in Knechtges’version about Fu in Wen Xuan,analyzes translation strategies used in these translations,and discusses the transmission mechanism of the culture memes which are culture-loaded words.Then get the conclusion,the mode which is given priority to with foreignization,domestication strategy as the auxiliary pole,combination of transliteration,literal translation,free translation,and annotation translation method,is advantageous to the culture-loaded words in the target language culture becoming a strong memes and spreading widely in the foreign countries.

Comparisons and Analysis between English and Chinese Culture-loaded Vocabulary

Language is the carrier of culture while culture is the connotation of language.English vocabulary contains many cultureloaded words and expressions that carry certain cultural information.These words and expressions seem simple literally but the comprehension of this type of vocabulary requires knowledge of relevant cultural background information.This article adopts some cases to make comparative studies of culture-loaded vocabulary between Chinese and English and discuss its classifications and translation strategies.

English Translation of Culture-Loaded Words——A Corpus Based Study

Under the background of Chinese culture“going out”initiative,research on the translation of culture-loaded words can speed up the spread of Chinese culture.Firstly,the author builds a parallel corpus based on the English translation and Chinese version of“Xi Jinping:The Governance of the Country”(Volume III).Secondly,a total of 800 culture-loaded words was collected from this book among which the author selected 135 culture-loaded words by random sampling,and divided them into four categories:social culture-loaded words,material culture-loaded words,ecological culture-loaded words,and language culture-loaded words according to Nida’s classification of culture-loaded words.Thirdly,the study found that foreignization was more preferred by the translators and the author summarized the main translation strategies of culture-loaded words,including literal translation,free translation,transliteration plus annotation,literal translation plus annotation,etc.Finally,seven typical examples were selected for further analysis and the author illustrated how the application of translation strategies promoted Chinese culture“go out”initiative.

陆地棉H^(+)-PPase基因家族全基因组鉴定及表达分析

【目的】鉴定陆地棉跨膜质子泵焦磷酸酶(H^(+)-PPase)基因家族成员,并分析其表达模式,为探究该家族基因的功能和调控机制及优质纤维棉育种提供理论依据。【方法】从Pfam数据库获取H^(+)-PPase基因家族(PF03030)的隐马尔可夫模型文件,从陆地棉基因组中筛选包含H^(+)-PPase家族保守结构域的成员,运用生物信息学方法对其理化性质、进化关系、基因定位、共线性关系、基因结构、顺式作用元件和表达模式进行分析,并利用实时荧光定量PCR检测10个在棉纤维发育中表达的侯选基因表达情况。【结果】从陆地棉全基因组水平上鉴定出20个H^(+)-PPase基因家族成员(GhH_PPase1~GhH_PPase20),分布在12条染色体上,基因长度为2531~11810 bp,编码的氨基酸残基数为575~803个,蛋白分子量为60087.76~85197.58 Da,均为疏水性的酸性蛋白,可分为亚族Ⅰ(4个)、亚族Ⅳ(4个)和亚族Ⅴ(12个)三大分支。片段复制事件是陆地棉H^(+)-PPase基因家族扩张的主要驱动力,位于染色体A05和D05上的H_PPase1、H_PPase2、H_PPase11和H_PPase12可能是进化过程中种间传播的主要基因,且陆地棉基因与单双子叶植物的共线性均较低,可能经历了独立的进化事件。有14个GhH_PPases蛋白含有10个保守基序,且排列顺序完全相同;其余6个基因的保守基序差异较明显,可能具有不同的功能。20个GhH_PPases基因启动子区域存在大量光响应元件、胁迫响应元件和激素反应元件。陆地棉H^(+)-PPase基因家族成员的表达具有时空特异性,且相对于其他亚家族,亚族Ⅴ的较多基因在棉花纤维发育过程中发挥更重要的作用。【结论】陆地棉H^(+)-PPase基因家族发生了一定程度的功能分化,多种响应元件协同参与生长发育和逆境应答,部分基因在陆地棉纤维伸长期和次生壁加厚期发挥重要的调控作用。

The English Translation of Lunyu and the Dissemination of the Confucian Culture

As one of the carriers of Confucian culture,and from ancient times to the present,Lunyu or The Analects or The Analects of Confucius,has been well received by readers at home and abroad,and there are more and more English translations of Lunyu.This article will select some of the vocabulary translations with ancient Chinese characteristics in Lunyu as the object,employ the method of a comparative analysis to explore the cultural connotation behind the text and the dissemination of the translation,and discuss the translator’s translation strategies.Judging from the research on The Analects by scholars from home and abroad and the opening and development of overseas Confucius Institutes,Lunyu has exerted an enlightenment effect in different times.

我国登革2/4型病毒株Pr-M-E基因的双表达质粒构建及在真核细胞中的共表达

将我国登革 2、4型病毒分离株PrM E基因通过RT PCR以病毒RNA为模板扩增我国登革 2型 4 3株和 4型B5株的PrM E基因 .并分别克隆至pGEM TEasy载体 ,然后亚克隆至双顺反子表达质粒的两个多克隆位点 ,获得同时含有登革 2型 4 3株和 4型B5株PrM E基因的双顺反子重组表达质粒pIDME2 4 .在用该重组质粒转染的BHK2 1细胞中 ,不但可检测到PrM E基因的转录产物 ,而且采用间接免疫荧光法还可观察到针对登革 2型 4型病毒的特异荧光 .研究结果表明 ,重组的双顺反子表达质粒在真核细胞中可共表达登革两个血清型PrM E基因 。

一株产朊假丝酵母菌表达体系的研究初报

产朊假丝酵母是一种GRAS生物,已经作为添加剂广泛应用于食品和化妆品行业。它在作为宿主菌的表达系统方面的研究也有报道。但目前国内尚无产朊假丝酵母通用的高效表达体系的报道。简单介绍了其在国内外的研究进展。并以青贮饲料中的一株产朊假丝酵母为出发菌株,结合项目研究,就构建产朊假丝酵母表达载体的几个元件进行重点评述。研究结果表明:初步构建了一种产朊假丝酵母通用的整合表达载体,对其表达体系的应用进行了初步探索。为微生物青黄贮菌剂的分子改良及应用提供一定的理论基础。

KLK5基因在基底细胞样乳腺癌组织中的差异表达

目的:探索KLK5基因作为诊断基底细胞样乳腺癌(BLBC)的分子标志和治疗靶点的可能。方法:通过包含48 804个探针的人类mRNA基因表达谱芯片比较48例各亚型乳腺癌和6例正常乳腺组织基因表达谱,并通过荧光实时定量PCR法进行结果验证,分析BLBC与其他各亚型乳腺癌基因之间的差异表达。结果:分析乳腺癌各亚型和正常乳腺组织的基因表达谱,在BLBC中有99个基因上调4倍以上(2倍以上有意义),其中KLK5基因显著上调(5倍以上),但KLK5在Luminal A、Luminal B、HER-2过表达的基因表达谱中下调超过2倍,它们之间的差异表达具有统计学意义(P<0.05);并通过RT-PCR检测得到进一步验证。结论:KLK5可以作为诊断基底细胞样乳腺癌的标志基因和治疗靶点。

西伯利亚蓼PsMnSOD基因的耐盐碱性鉴定及其在盐碱胁迫下的表达模式

植物的超氧化物歧化酶的活性与其在盐胁迫下的防御能力密切相关。本文分析了西伯利亚蓼PsMn-SOD基因在酵母中的表达对酵母耐盐碱性的影响以及西伯利亚蓼中PsMnSOD基因在盐碱胁迫下的表达模式。研究结果表明,PsMnSOD基因在酵母中的表达提高了酵母在盐碱胁迫下的SOD酶活性,并提高了酵母对盐碱胁迫的抗性。RT-PCR结果显示,3%NaHCO3胁迫条件下PsMnSOD基因在西伯利亚蓼的叶、茎和地下茎中均有表达,西伯利亚蓼PsMnSOD基因在茎和地下茎中的表达水平高于在叶中的表达水平,叶中PsMnSOD基因的表达水平随着NaHCO3浓度的增加而上升。本试验表明西伯利亚蓼PsMnSOD基因在抵御盐碱胁迫中起到非常重要的作用。

α-乙酰乳酸脱羧酶在大肠杆菌中的克隆表达

根据已知的α-乙酰乳酸脱羧酶(ALDC)的基因序列,通过PCR获得了枯草芽孢杆菌168的ALDC基因,将该基因克隆到克隆载体pUC18和表达载体pQE60中,构建了pUC18-ALDC和pQE60-ALDC,经DNA测序证明序列正确。重组大肠杆菌DH5α/pQE60-ALDC经IPTG诱导能够高表达ALDC。对该酶进行了活力测定,结果显示工程菌产酶活力为0.11U/mL。

面部反馈在微表情识别过程中的作用

采用JACBART范式,通过考察增强面部反馈对高强度微表情识别的影响(实验1)和增强面部反馈对低强度微表情识别的影响(实验2)来探究面部反馈在微表情识别过程中的作用。结果发现:(1)增强面部反馈不能提高被试对高强度微表情识别的准确率;(2)增强面部反馈降低了低强度微表情的识别准确率。研究提示面部反馈参与了微表情的识别过程,但它是一种对微表情识别"有害"的抑制性线索,且这一线索的作用受微表情强度的调节。。

内源性血管生成抑制因子Arresten原核表达载体的构建及表达

目的构建内源性血管生成抑制因子Arresten基因的原核表达载体,并在E.coliDH5α进行表达。方法从健康产妇的胎盘组织中提取总RNA,经逆转录—聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)扩增出Arresten基因,构建重组质粒pBV220-Arr转化E.coliDH5α进行原核表达。结果成功筛选出Arresten基因并构建了重组质粒pBV220-Arr,重组质粒在菌株中获得表达。结论构建的原核表达重组体pBV220-Arr能高效表达重组Arresten蛋白。