Chronic hepatitis B constitutes a substantial disease burden worldwide.The steps advocated by the World Health Organization in 2016 to eradicate hepatitis B by 2030 has failed to achieve significant progress,especiall...Chronic hepatitis B constitutes a substantial disease burden worldwide.The steps advocated by the World Health Organization in 2016 to eradicate hepatitis B by 2030 has failed to achieve significant progress,especially with respect to immu-nization coverage and linkage to care.The lack of governmental and public awar-eness regarding the long-term implications of hepatitis B burden cause under-funding of developmental projects.The presently approved treatment modalities have limited efficacy in complete viral eradication,hence the need for newer molecules to achieve functional cure(sustained undetectable hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)and hepatitis B virus DNA in peripheral blood after a finite period of therapy).However,preliminary results from trials of novel therapies show their inadequacy to achieve this end by themselves but better performance with a low baseline serum HBsAg with nucleos(t)ide analogues(NA)treatment which need to be combined with/without pegylated interferon as an immu-nomodulator.Such therapy is limited by cost and adverse events and need to show incremental benefit over the standard of care(long-term NA therapy)with respect to efficacy and drug toxicities,making the development process tenuous.Thus,while such therapies continue to be tested,strategies should still focus on prevention of transmission by non-pharmaceutical measures,vaccination and increasing linkage to care.展开更多
The presence of toxic elements in manganese slag(MSG)poses a threat to the environment due to potential pollution.Utilizing CO_(2) curing on MS offers a promising approach to immobilize toxic substances within this ma...The presence of toxic elements in manganese slag(MSG)poses a threat to the environment due to potential pollution.Utilizing CO_(2) curing on MS offers a promising approach to immobilize toxic substances within this material,thereby mitigating their release into the natural surroundings.This study investigates the impact of CO_(2) cured MS on various rheological parameters,including slump flow,plastic viscosity(η),and yield shear stress(τ).Additionally,it assesses flexural and compressive strengths(f_(t) and f_(cu)),drying shrinkage rates(DSR),durability indicators(chloride ion migration coefficient(CMC),carbonization depth(CD)),and the leaching behavior of heavy metal elements.Microscopic examination via scanning electron microscopy(SEM)is employed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.The results indicate that CO_(2) curing significantly enhances the slump flow of ultra-high performance concrete(UHPC)by up to 51.2%.Moreover,it reduces UHPC’sηandτby rates ranging from 0%to 52.7%and 0%to 40.2%,respectively.The DSR exhibits a linear increase corresponding to the mass ratio of CO_(2) cured MS.Furthermore,CO_(2) curing enhances both f_(t) and f_(cu) of UHPC by up to 28.7%and 17.6%,respectively.The electrical resistance is also improved,showing an increase of up to 53.7%.The relationship between mechanical strengths and electrical resistance follows a cubic relationship.The CO_(2) cured MS demonstrates a notable decrease in the CMC and CD by rates ranging from 0%to 52.6%and 0%to 26.1%,respectively.The reductions of leached chromium(Cr)and manganese(Mn)are up to 576.3%and 1312.7%,respectively.Overall,CO_(2) curing also enhances the compactness of UHPC,thereby demonstrating its potential to improve both mechanical and durability properties.展开更多
Achievement of a‘clinical cure’in chronic hepatitis B(CHB)implies sustained virological suppression and immunological control over the infection,which is the ideal treatment goal according to domestic and internatio...Achievement of a‘clinical cure’in chronic hepatitis B(CHB)implies sustained virological suppression and immunological control over the infection,which is the ideal treatment goal according to domestic and international CHB management guidelines.Clinical practice has shown encouraging results for specific patient cohorts using tailored treatment regimens.These regimens incorporate either nucleos(t)ide analogs,immunomodulatory agents such as pegylated interferonα,or a strategic combination of both,sequentially or concurrently administered.Despite these advancements in the clinical handling of hepatitis B,achieving a clinical cure remains elusive for a considerable subset of patients due to the number of challenges that preclude the realization of optimal treatment outcomes.These include,but are not limited to,the emergence of antiviral resistance,incomplete immune recovery,and the persistence of covalently closed circular DNA.Moreover,the variance in response to interferon therapy and the lack of definitive biomarkers for treatment cessation also contribute to the complexity of achieving a clinical cure.This article briefly overviews the current research progress and existing issues in pursuing a clinical cure for hepatitis B.展开更多
Classical survival analysis assumes all subjects will experience the event of interest, but in some cases, a portion of the population may never encounter the event. These survival methods further assume independent s...Classical survival analysis assumes all subjects will experience the event of interest, but in some cases, a portion of the population may never encounter the event. These survival methods further assume independent survival times, which is not valid for honey bees, which live in nests. The study introduces a semi-parametric marginal proportional hazards mixture cure (PHMC) model with exchangeable correlation structure, using generalized estimating equations for survival data analysis. The model was tested on clustered right-censored bees survival data with a cured fraction, where two bee species were subjected to different entomopathogens to test the effect of the entomopathogens on the survival of the bee species. The Expectation-Solution algorithm is used to estimate the parameters. The study notes a weak positive association between cure statuses (ρ1=0.0007) and survival times for uncured bees (ρ2=0.0890), emphasizing their importance. The odds of being uncured for A. mellifera is higher than the odds for species M. ferruginea. The bee species, A. mellifera are more susceptible to entomopathogens icipe 7, icipe 20, and icipe 69. The Cox-Snell residuals show that the proposed semiparametric PH model generally fits the data well as compared to model that assume independent correlation structure. Thus, the semi parametric marginal proportional hazards mixture cure is parsimonious model for correlated bees survival data.展开更多
为了提高传统CURE(clustering using representatives)聚类算法的质量,引入信息熵对其进行改进。该算法使用K-means算法对样本数据集进行预聚类;采用基于信息熵的相似性度量,利用簇中元素提供的信息度量不同簇之间的相互关系,并描述数...为了提高传统CURE(clustering using representatives)聚类算法的质量,引入信息熵对其进行改进。该算法使用K-means算法对样本数据集进行预聚类;采用基于信息熵的相似性度量,利用簇中元素提供的信息度量不同簇之间的相互关系,并描述数据的分布;在高、低层聚类阶段,采取不同的选取策略,分别选取相应的代表点。在UCI和人造数据集上的实验结果表明,提出的算法在一定程度上提高了聚类的准确率,且在大型数据集上比传统CURE算法有着更高的聚类效率。展开更多
[Objective] We aimed to improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco with K326 upper leaves and explore the optimal tobacco baking process in Chongqing tobacco-producing region. [Method] Four different baking processes ...[Objective] We aimed to improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco with K326 upper leaves and explore the optimal tobacco baking process in Chongqing tobacco-producing region. [Method] Four different baking processes （endogenetic force moisture-removing flue-curing technique, exogenetic force moisture-removing flue-curing technique, three-stage flue-curing process, three-stage and six-step flue- curing process） were adopted in this research to investigate the effects of different baking processes on carotenoid content of same-maturity degree upper leaves of the flue-cured tobacco K326. [Result] The results showed at the yellowing and color fixing stages, the carotenoids were most fully decomposed in endogenetic force moisture-removing flue-curing technique. The decomposed carotenoid content was lowest in exogenetic force moisture-removing flue-curing technique, for which the carotenoid content was highest （50.53 mg/g）. [Conclusion] At the yellowing and color fixing stages, exogenetic force moisture-removing flue-curing technique was most conducive to the carotenoid accumulation in tobacco baking process.展开更多
文摘Chronic hepatitis B constitutes a substantial disease burden worldwide.The steps advocated by the World Health Organization in 2016 to eradicate hepatitis B by 2030 has failed to achieve significant progress,especially with respect to immu-nization coverage and linkage to care.The lack of governmental and public awar-eness regarding the long-term implications of hepatitis B burden cause under-funding of developmental projects.The presently approved treatment modalities have limited efficacy in complete viral eradication,hence the need for newer molecules to achieve functional cure(sustained undetectable hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)and hepatitis B virus DNA in peripheral blood after a finite period of therapy).However,preliminary results from trials of novel therapies show their inadequacy to achieve this end by themselves but better performance with a low baseline serum HBsAg with nucleos(t)ide analogues(NA)treatment which need to be combined with/without pegylated interferon as an immu-nomodulator.Such therapy is limited by cost and adverse events and need to show incremental benefit over the standard of care(long-term NA therapy)with respect to efficacy and drug toxicities,making the development process tenuous.Thus,while such therapies continue to be tested,strategies should still focus on prevention of transmission by non-pharmaceutical measures,vaccination and increasing linkage to care.
基金supported by Hebei Province Higher Education Science and Technology Research Project(No.ZC2024031).
文摘The presence of toxic elements in manganese slag(MSG)poses a threat to the environment due to potential pollution.Utilizing CO_(2) curing on MS offers a promising approach to immobilize toxic substances within this material,thereby mitigating their release into the natural surroundings.This study investigates the impact of CO_(2) cured MS on various rheological parameters,including slump flow,plastic viscosity(η),and yield shear stress(τ).Additionally,it assesses flexural and compressive strengths(f_(t) and f_(cu)),drying shrinkage rates(DSR),durability indicators(chloride ion migration coefficient(CMC),carbonization depth(CD)),and the leaching behavior of heavy metal elements.Microscopic examination via scanning electron microscopy(SEM)is employed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.The results indicate that CO_(2) curing significantly enhances the slump flow of ultra-high performance concrete(UHPC)by up to 51.2%.Moreover,it reduces UHPC’sηandτby rates ranging from 0%to 52.7%and 0%to 40.2%,respectively.The DSR exhibits a linear increase corresponding to the mass ratio of CO_(2) cured MS.Furthermore,CO_(2) curing enhances both f_(t) and f_(cu) of UHPC by up to 28.7%and 17.6%,respectively.The electrical resistance is also improved,showing an increase of up to 53.7%.The relationship between mechanical strengths and electrical resistance follows a cubic relationship.The CO_(2) cured MS demonstrates a notable decrease in the CMC and CD by rates ranging from 0%to 52.6%and 0%to 26.1%,respectively.The reductions of leached chromium(Cr)and manganese(Mn)are up to 576.3%and 1312.7%,respectively.Overall,CO_(2) curing also enhances the compactness of UHPC,thereby demonstrating its potential to improve both mechanical and durability properties.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China 2023,No:2023YFC2308100.
文摘Achievement of a‘clinical cure’in chronic hepatitis B(CHB)implies sustained virological suppression and immunological control over the infection,which is the ideal treatment goal according to domestic and international CHB management guidelines.Clinical practice has shown encouraging results for specific patient cohorts using tailored treatment regimens.These regimens incorporate either nucleos(t)ide analogs,immunomodulatory agents such as pegylated interferonα,or a strategic combination of both,sequentially or concurrently administered.Despite these advancements in the clinical handling of hepatitis B,achieving a clinical cure remains elusive for a considerable subset of patients due to the number of challenges that preclude the realization of optimal treatment outcomes.These include,but are not limited to,the emergence of antiviral resistance,incomplete immune recovery,and the persistence of covalently closed circular DNA.Moreover,the variance in response to interferon therapy and the lack of definitive biomarkers for treatment cessation also contribute to the complexity of achieving a clinical cure.This article briefly overviews the current research progress and existing issues in pursuing a clinical cure for hepatitis B.
文摘Classical survival analysis assumes all subjects will experience the event of interest, but in some cases, a portion of the population may never encounter the event. These survival methods further assume independent survival times, which is not valid for honey bees, which live in nests. The study introduces a semi-parametric marginal proportional hazards mixture cure (PHMC) model with exchangeable correlation structure, using generalized estimating equations for survival data analysis. The model was tested on clustered right-censored bees survival data with a cured fraction, where two bee species were subjected to different entomopathogens to test the effect of the entomopathogens on the survival of the bee species. The Expectation-Solution algorithm is used to estimate the parameters. The study notes a weak positive association between cure statuses (ρ1=0.0007) and survival times for uncured bees (ρ2=0.0890), emphasizing their importance. The odds of being uncured for A. mellifera is higher than the odds for species M. ferruginea. The bee species, A. mellifera are more susceptible to entomopathogens icipe 7, icipe 20, and icipe 69. The Cox-Snell residuals show that the proposed semiparametric PH model generally fits the data well as compared to model that assume independent correlation structure. Thus, the semi parametric marginal proportional hazards mixture cure is parsimonious model for correlated bees survival data.
文摘为了提高传统CURE(clustering using representatives)聚类算法的质量,引入信息熵对其进行改进。该算法使用K-means算法对样本数据集进行预聚类;采用基于信息熵的相似性度量,利用簇中元素提供的信息度量不同簇之间的相互关系,并描述数据的分布;在高、低层聚类阶段,采取不同的选取策略,分别选取相应的代表点。在UCI和人造数据集上的实验结果表明,提出的算法在一定程度上提高了聚类的准确率,且在大型数据集上比传统CURE算法有着更高的聚类效率。
基金Supported by General Program of Science and Technology Research of China National Tobacco Corporation([2012]No.122)Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation(NY20110601070010)Technology Project of Chinese Tobacco Corporation~~
文摘[Objective] We aimed to improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco with K326 upper leaves and explore the optimal tobacco baking process in Chongqing tobacco-producing region. [Method] Four different baking processes （endogenetic force moisture-removing flue-curing technique, exogenetic force moisture-removing flue-curing technique, three-stage flue-curing process, three-stage and six-step flue- curing process） were adopted in this research to investigate the effects of different baking processes on carotenoid content of same-maturity degree upper leaves of the flue-cured tobacco K326. [Result] The results showed at the yellowing and color fixing stages, the carotenoids were most fully decomposed in endogenetic force moisture-removing flue-curing technique. The decomposed carotenoid content was lowest in exogenetic force moisture-removing flue-curing technique, for which the carotenoid content was highest （50.53 mg/g）. [Conclusion] At the yellowing and color fixing stages, exogenetic force moisture-removing flue-curing technique was most conducive to the carotenoid accumulation in tobacco baking process.
