基于模块化多电平换流器MMC(modular multilevel converter)的高压直流输电HVDC(high voltage direct current transmission)因具有无源网络支撑等优势而被广泛应用于大容量新能源外送消纳。受电力电子设备交互作用等因素影响,送端系统...基于模块化多电平换流器MMC(modular multilevel converter)的高压直流输电HVDC(high voltage direct current transmission)因具有无源网络支撑等优势而被广泛应用于大容量新能源外送消纳。受电力电子设备交互作用等因素影响,送端系统易发生振荡失稳现象。首先,建立了直驱风电场经MMC-HVDC并网送端系统的小扰动线性化模型,分析了风场有功输出对系统稳定性的影响。然后,建立了MMC及风机并网变流器交流侧dq阻抗模型,从阻抗角度揭示了送端系统振荡失稳机理。进一步,提出了基于MMC交流电压控制外环q轴附加阻尼的振荡抑制策略,可满足系统满功率范围内的运行稳定性要求。最后,基于全比例模型的仿真结果验证了所提振荡抑制策略的有效性。展开更多
在弱交流系统下对于附带有STATCOM的电网换相换流器高压直流输电(Line Commutated Converter based High Voltage Direct Current, LCC-HVDC)系统,存在着LCC逆变站与STATCOM之间耦合导致LCC-HVDC系统的稳定裕度下降问题,这会减弱LCC-HVD...在弱交流系统下对于附带有STATCOM的电网换相换流器高压直流输电(Line Commutated Converter based High Voltage Direct Current, LCC-HVDC)系统,存在着LCC逆变站与STATCOM之间耦合导致LCC-HVDC系统的稳定裕度下降问题,这会减弱LCC-HVDC抑制换相失败的能力。此外,HVDC控制环节之中的电压指令电流控制(voltage dependent current order limiter, VDCOL)环节的输出电流指令大幅剧烈波动还有几率会导致HVDC系统在首次换相失败之后发生后续换相失败。针对上述问题提出了一种“改进参考电压”的思想,对STATCOM和VDCOL的参考电压与输入电压分别进行修正。首先在STATCOM原本的参考电压经过一个“虚拟电抗”之后得到一个新的参考电压,通过这个改进参考电压弱化了STATCOM电压外环控制模块与LCC逆变站的耦合,减小了交流系统等效阻抗的大小,提升了系统对干扰的抵抗能力。然后对VDCOL的输入电压进行改进,新的改进输入电压改善了故障后VDCOL输出电流指令的大幅剧烈波动情况。最后通过三个层次的对照试验,验证了所提方法的有效性。展开更多
该文研究了电网换相换流器高压直流输电(line commutated converter high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)系统逆变侧采用不同锁相环时,锁相环控制回路比例–积分(proportional integral,PI)参数变化对直流控制回路稳定性的影响。首先...该文研究了电网换相换流器高压直流输电(line commutated converter high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)系统逆变侧采用不同锁相环时,锁相环控制回路比例–积分(proportional integral,PI)参数变化对直流控制回路稳定性的影响。首先,分别建立了逆变侧锁相环采用滑动平均滤波(mo ving average filter,MAF)和级联延时消去滤波(cascaded delayed signal cancellation,CDSC)的LCC-HVDC小干扰动态模型,并通过电磁暂态仿真验证了该模型的正确性。其次,基于拉普拉斯变换获得系统定电压控制回路的传递函数,利用奈奎斯特稳定判据以及稳定裕度指标分析不同锁相环对定电压控制回路稳定性的影响,并进行了机理分析,同时在PSCAD/EMTDC的电磁暂态模型上进行了验证。最后,进一步在LCC-HVDC工程模型上对该文所得结论的普适性进行了仿真验证。展开更多
该文基于系列文章1建立的电网换相换流器型高压直流(line commutated converter-based high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)阻抗模型,开展新能源基地经LCC-HVDC送出系统阻抗特性和振荡机理分析。首先,研究LCC-HVDC送端交流端口阻抗...该文基于系列文章1建立的电网换相换流器型高压直流(line commutated converter-based high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)阻抗模型,开展新能源基地经LCC-HVDC送出系统阻抗特性和振荡机理分析。首先,研究LCC-HVDC送端交流端口阻抗与阀本体交流阻抗、交流滤波器阻抗间的构成关系,分析直流线路、受端换流站、受端电网强度对送端换流站阀本体交流阻抗的主导影响;然后,研究送端换流站直流电流环对阀本体交流阻抗的重叠效应,分析送端换流站交流端口阻抗次/超同步频段负阻尼特性形成机理,并论述受端换流站和受端电网强度对送端交流端口阻抗特性的交互影响;接下来,建立新能源基地经LCC-HVDC送出系统等值模型,研究送端系统振荡边界条件,阐明LCC-HVDC对新能源并网点阻抗特性影响的变化规律,揭示直驱风机(permanent magnet synchronous generator,PMSG)、双馈风机(doubly-fed induction generator,DFIG)、光伏(photovoltaic,PV)不同类型新能源基地经LCC-HVDC送出系统次/超同步振荡机理;最后,不同类型新能源基地经LCC-HVDC送出系统仿真结果验证了该文提出的次/超同步振荡机理的正确性和通用性。展开更多
与常规直流相比,永富直流逆变站存在功率全送和功率分送运行方式,而其处于分网接入方式时电网换相换流器高压直流输电(line commutated converter based high voltage directcurrent,LCC-HVDC)系统的交互振荡模式及特征尚不明确。针对...与常规直流相比,永富直流逆变站存在功率全送和功率分送运行方式,而其处于分网接入方式时电网换相换流器高压直流输电(line commutated converter based high voltage directcurrent,LCC-HVDC)系统的交互振荡模式及特征尚不明确。针对这一特殊运行方式,采用模块化建模的思路建立可以反映系统电气/控制回路间交互耦合路径的运动方程模型。在此基础上,依据系统整流侧-逆变侧、正极-负极间的交互耦合路径分解得到影响系统主导模式稳定性的3条扰动传递路径,即整流侧内部自稳性路径、逆变侧内部自稳性路径、双极交互作用致稳性路径。最后,设置不同工况下的案例,量化评估不同作用路径提供的阻尼大小,并通过仿真验证运动方程模型及扰动传递路径分析结果的正确性,为后续研究分网接入方式下LCC-HVDC系统交互振荡模式的阻尼特征提供模型基础。展开更多
为研究分网接入方式下电网换相换流器高压直流输电(line commutated converter based high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)系统的交互振荡模式及阻尼特征,基于系统的状态空间模型及系列文章(一)建立的运动方程模型,提取了表征逆变侧...为研究分网接入方式下电网换相换流器高压直流输电(line commutated converter based high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)系统的交互振荡模式及阻尼特征,基于系统的状态空间模型及系列文章(一)建立的运动方程模型,提取了表征逆变侧电气与控制环节强耦合特性的多个弱阻尼交互振荡模式,研究了不同短路比工况下交互振荡模式的变化特征。在此基础上,通过复转矩系数法量化评估了整流侧/逆变侧内部自稳性路径及双极交互作用致稳性路径对主导交互振荡模式阻尼特性的贡献度。结果表明:1)不同短路比工况下交互振荡模式的阻尼比会进行重新分配;2)当逆变侧正负极短路比相差较大时,双极交互作用较弱,正负极系统的稳定性由2个交互振荡模式各自主导,且稳定性特征有所差异;3)当逆变侧正负极短路比相近时,双极间动态交互加强,交互振荡模式会同时主导参与系统两极的稳定性,正负极稳定性特征相似。展开更多
This paper focus on the Modeling and Calculation of DC current distribution in AC power grid induced under HVDC Ground-Return-Mode. Applying complex image method and boundary element method, a new field-circuit coupli...This paper focus on the Modeling and Calculation of DC current distribution in AC power grid induced under HVDC Ground-Return-Mode. Applying complex image method and boundary element method, a new field-circuit coupling model was set up. Based on the calculation result with complex image method, this paper derived the modification factor for induced earth potential from practical measurement, which increased the accuracy of calculation. The modification method is helpful for evaluation on the effect of means used for blocking the dc-bias current in transformer neutral and also useful for the forecast of the DC current distribution when the power grid is in different line connection mode. The DC distribution character in Guangdong power grid is shown and suggestion is proposed that the mitigation of dc-bias should start from those substations whose earth-potential is highest.展开更多
This paper presents a numerical study of the current self-excited oscillations during the opening of high voltage direct current(HVDC) metallic return transfer breaker(MRTB).The switching arc is simulated using the ma...This paper presents a numerical study of the current self-excited oscillations during the opening of high voltage direct current(HVDC) metallic return transfer breaker(MRTB).The switching arc is simulated using the magneto-hydrodynamics(MHD) theory coupled with the electric circuit variation.The simulation is proved accurate in simulating the current oscillation and the commutation process in MRTB by the good agreement between the calculated results and the experimental results,which are obtained on a MRTB prototype designed to break about 5 kA of DC current.Both kinds of the results show that the current oscillation starts at about 16.5 ms and the total arc time is about 24 ms with a commutation capacitor bank of 72 μF and an inductor of 173 μH.With a further analyze on how circuit parameters influence arc current oscillations,this study helps to improve the current interruption capability of MRTB.展开更多
The current–phase relations of a ring-trapped Bose–Einstein condensate interrupted by a rotating rectangular barrier are extensively investigated with an analytical solution. A current–phase diagram, single and mul...The current–phase relations of a ring-trapped Bose–Einstein condensate interrupted by a rotating rectangular barrier are extensively investigated with an analytical solution. A current–phase diagram, single and multi-valued relation, is presented with a rescaled barrier height and width. Our results show that the finite size makes the current–phase relation deviate a little bit from the cosine form for the soliton solution in the limit of a vanishing barrier, and the periodic boundary condition selects only the plane wave solution in the case of high barrier. The reason for multi-valued current–phase relation is given by investigating the behavior of soliton solution.展开更多
The ground level ion current density produced by corona discharge in high voltage direct current(HVDC)transmission lines can reflect the operation status of the lines,but the distorted electric field at the edge of th...The ground level ion current density produced by corona discharge in high voltage direct current(HVDC)transmission lines can reflect the operation status of the lines,but the distorted electric field at the edge of the Wilson plate seriously affects the measurement results of ion current density.In order to measure the ground level ion current density accurately and directly,a new reduced scale wire-plate experimental device in which the Wilson plate is flush with the grounding plate is designed.The influence of protective annulus width and the height of the Wilson plate from the grounding plate on ground level ion current density are studied.In addition,the differences between the micro-current galvanometer method and the sampling resistance method in the measurement of ion current density are compared.Finally,the ground level ion current density distributions of unipolar and bipolar HVDC transmission lines are measured.The results show that the edge effect of the Wilson plate can be neglected when the width of protective annulus is less than 2 mm,and the ion current density is nonlinear with the height of the Wilson plate from the grounding plate.Moreover,the internal resistance of the digital voltmeter seriously affects the measurement results and it is necessary to correct the results.Finally,at the same applied voltage,the ground level ion current density in the negative conductor region is higher than that in the positive conductor region.展开更多
Gezhouba-Nanqiao ±500 kV HVDC project is the first imported HVDC transmission system with advanced technologies in China, which was build in 1989. This paper collected main faults happened in recent years, and ma...Gezhouba-Nanqiao ±500 kV HVDC project is the first imported HVDC transmission system with advanced technologies in China, which was build in 1989. This paper collected main faults happened in recent years, and many faults caused equipment outages have been analyzed. Existing problems are listed in this paper.展开更多
文摘基于模块化多电平换流器MMC(modular multilevel converter)的高压直流输电HVDC(high voltage direct current transmission)因具有无源网络支撑等优势而被广泛应用于大容量新能源外送消纳。受电力电子设备交互作用等因素影响,送端系统易发生振荡失稳现象。首先,建立了直驱风电场经MMC-HVDC并网送端系统的小扰动线性化模型,分析了风场有功输出对系统稳定性的影响。然后,建立了MMC及风机并网变流器交流侧dq阻抗模型,从阻抗角度揭示了送端系统振荡失稳机理。进一步,提出了基于MMC交流电压控制外环q轴附加阻尼的振荡抑制策略,可满足系统满功率范围内的运行稳定性要求。最后,基于全比例模型的仿真结果验证了所提振荡抑制策略的有效性。
文摘在弱交流系统下对于附带有STATCOM的电网换相换流器高压直流输电(Line Commutated Converter based High Voltage Direct Current, LCC-HVDC)系统,存在着LCC逆变站与STATCOM之间耦合导致LCC-HVDC系统的稳定裕度下降问题,这会减弱LCC-HVDC抑制换相失败的能力。此外,HVDC控制环节之中的电压指令电流控制(voltage dependent current order limiter, VDCOL)环节的输出电流指令大幅剧烈波动还有几率会导致HVDC系统在首次换相失败之后发生后续换相失败。针对上述问题提出了一种“改进参考电压”的思想,对STATCOM和VDCOL的参考电压与输入电压分别进行修正。首先在STATCOM原本的参考电压经过一个“虚拟电抗”之后得到一个新的参考电压,通过这个改进参考电压弱化了STATCOM电压外环控制模块与LCC逆变站的耦合,减小了交流系统等效阻抗的大小,提升了系统对干扰的抵抗能力。然后对VDCOL的输入电压进行改进,新的改进输入电压改善了故障后VDCOL输出电流指令的大幅剧烈波动情况。最后通过三个层次的对照试验,验证了所提方法的有效性。
文摘该文研究了电网换相换流器高压直流输电(line commutated converter high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)系统逆变侧采用不同锁相环时,锁相环控制回路比例–积分(proportional integral,PI)参数变化对直流控制回路稳定性的影响。首先,分别建立了逆变侧锁相环采用滑动平均滤波(mo ving average filter,MAF)和级联延时消去滤波(cascaded delayed signal cancellation,CDSC)的LCC-HVDC小干扰动态模型,并通过电磁暂态仿真验证了该模型的正确性。其次,基于拉普拉斯变换获得系统定电压控制回路的传递函数,利用奈奎斯特稳定判据以及稳定裕度指标分析不同锁相环对定电压控制回路稳定性的影响,并进行了机理分析,同时在PSCAD/EMTDC的电磁暂态模型上进行了验证。最后,进一步在LCC-HVDC工程模型上对该文所得结论的普适性进行了仿真验证。
文摘该文基于系列文章1建立的电网换相换流器型高压直流(line commutated converter-based high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)阻抗模型,开展新能源基地经LCC-HVDC送出系统阻抗特性和振荡机理分析。首先,研究LCC-HVDC送端交流端口阻抗与阀本体交流阻抗、交流滤波器阻抗间的构成关系,分析直流线路、受端换流站、受端电网强度对送端换流站阀本体交流阻抗的主导影响;然后,研究送端换流站直流电流环对阀本体交流阻抗的重叠效应,分析送端换流站交流端口阻抗次/超同步频段负阻尼特性形成机理,并论述受端换流站和受端电网强度对送端交流端口阻抗特性的交互影响;接下来,建立新能源基地经LCC-HVDC送出系统等值模型,研究送端系统振荡边界条件,阐明LCC-HVDC对新能源并网点阻抗特性影响的变化规律,揭示直驱风机(permanent magnet synchronous generator,PMSG)、双馈风机(doubly-fed induction generator,DFIG)、光伏(photovoltaic,PV)不同类型新能源基地经LCC-HVDC送出系统次/超同步振荡机理;最后,不同类型新能源基地经LCC-HVDC送出系统仿真结果验证了该文提出的次/超同步振荡机理的正确性和通用性。
文摘与常规直流相比,永富直流逆变站存在功率全送和功率分送运行方式,而其处于分网接入方式时电网换相换流器高压直流输电(line commutated converter based high voltage directcurrent,LCC-HVDC)系统的交互振荡模式及特征尚不明确。针对这一特殊运行方式,采用模块化建模的思路建立可以反映系统电气/控制回路间交互耦合路径的运动方程模型。在此基础上,依据系统整流侧-逆变侧、正极-负极间的交互耦合路径分解得到影响系统主导模式稳定性的3条扰动传递路径,即整流侧内部自稳性路径、逆变侧内部自稳性路径、双极交互作用致稳性路径。最后,设置不同工况下的案例,量化评估不同作用路径提供的阻尼大小,并通过仿真验证运动方程模型及扰动传递路径分析结果的正确性,为后续研究分网接入方式下LCC-HVDC系统交互振荡模式的阻尼特征提供模型基础。
文摘为研究分网接入方式下电网换相换流器高压直流输电(line commutated converter based high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)系统的交互振荡模式及阻尼特征,基于系统的状态空间模型及系列文章(一)建立的运动方程模型,提取了表征逆变侧电气与控制环节强耦合特性的多个弱阻尼交互振荡模式,研究了不同短路比工况下交互振荡模式的变化特征。在此基础上,通过复转矩系数法量化评估了整流侧/逆变侧内部自稳性路径及双极交互作用致稳性路径对主导交互振荡模式阻尼特性的贡献度。结果表明:1)不同短路比工况下交互振荡模式的阻尼比会进行重新分配;2)当逆变侧正负极短路比相差较大时,双极交互作用较弱,正负极系统的稳定性由2个交互振荡模式各自主导,且稳定性特征有所差异;3)当逆变侧正负极短路比相近时,双极间动态交互加强,交互振荡模式会同时主导参与系统两极的稳定性,正负极稳定性特征相似。
文摘This paper focus on the Modeling and Calculation of DC current distribution in AC power grid induced under HVDC Ground-Return-Mode. Applying complex image method and boundary element method, a new field-circuit coupling model was set up. Based on the calculation result with complex image method, this paper derived the modification factor for induced earth potential from practical measurement, which increased the accuracy of calculation. The modification method is helpful for evaluation on the effect of means used for blocking the dc-bias current in transformer neutral and also useful for the forecast of the DC current distribution when the power grid is in different line connection mode. The DC distribution character in Guangdong power grid is shown and suggestion is proposed that the mitigation of dc-bias should start from those substations whose earth-potential is highest.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (51007072, 51177124), Doctoral Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (20110201130006, 20110201120069), New Century Excellent Talents Program from Ministry of Education of China.
文摘This paper presents a numerical study of the current self-excited oscillations during the opening of high voltage direct current(HVDC) metallic return transfer breaker(MRTB).The switching arc is simulated using the magneto-hydrodynamics(MHD) theory coupled with the electric circuit variation.The simulation is proved accurate in simulating the current oscillation and the commutation process in MRTB by the good agreement between the calculated results and the experimental results,which are obtained on a MRTB prototype designed to break about 5 kA of DC current.Both kinds of the results show that the current oscillation starts at about 16.5 ms and the total arc time is about 24 ms with a commutation capacitor bank of 72 μF and an inductor of 173 μH.With a further analyze on how circuit parameters influence arc current oscillations,this study helps to improve the current interruption capability of MRTB.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11874247)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2017YFA0304500 and 2017YFA0304203)+1 种基金PCSIRT,China(Grant No.IRT-17R70)the Program of State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices,China(Grant No.KF201703)
文摘The current–phase relations of a ring-trapped Bose–Einstein condensate interrupted by a rotating rectangular barrier are extensively investigated with an analytical solution. A current–phase diagram, single and multi-valued relation, is presented with a rescaled barrier height and width. Our results show that the finite size makes the current–phase relation deviate a little bit from the cosine form for the soliton solution in the limit of a vanishing barrier, and the periodic boundary condition selects only the plane wave solution in the case of high barrier. The reason for multi-valued current–phase relation is given by investigating the behavior of soliton solution.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51877027,51877028)State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment(EIPE18206).
文摘The ground level ion current density produced by corona discharge in high voltage direct current(HVDC)transmission lines can reflect the operation status of the lines,but the distorted electric field at the edge of the Wilson plate seriously affects the measurement results of ion current density.In order to measure the ground level ion current density accurately and directly,a new reduced scale wire-plate experimental device in which the Wilson plate is flush with the grounding plate is designed.The influence of protective annulus width and the height of the Wilson plate from the grounding plate on ground level ion current density are studied.In addition,the differences between the micro-current galvanometer method and the sampling resistance method in the measurement of ion current density are compared.Finally,the ground level ion current density distributions of unipolar and bipolar HVDC transmission lines are measured.The results show that the edge effect of the Wilson plate can be neglected when the width of protective annulus is less than 2 mm,and the ion current density is nonlinear with the height of the Wilson plate from the grounding plate.Moreover,the internal resistance of the digital voltmeter seriously affects the measurement results and it is necessary to correct the results.Finally,at the same applied voltage,the ground level ion current density in the negative conductor region is higher than that in the positive conductor region.
文摘Gezhouba-Nanqiao ±500 kV HVDC project is the first imported HVDC transmission system with advanced technologies in China, which was build in 1989. This paper collected main faults happened in recent years, and many faults caused equipment outages have been analyzed. Existing problems are listed in this paper.