Lift-Off Effect of Koch and Circular Differential Pickup Eddy Current Probes

A flexible or planar eddy current probe with a differential structure can suppress the lift-off noise during the inspection of defects.However,the extent of the lift-off effect on differential probes,including different coil structures,varies.In this study,two planar eddy current probes with differential pickup structures and the same size,Koch and circular probes,were used to compare lift-off effects.The eddy current distributions of the probes perturbed by 0°and 90°cracks were obtained by finite element analysis.The analysis results show that the 90°crack can impede the eddy current induced by the Koch probe even further at relatively low lift-off distance.The peak-to-peak values of the signal output from the two probes were compared at different lift-off distances using finite element analysis and experimental methods.In addition,the effects of different frequencies on the lift-off were studied experimentally.The results show that the signal peak-to-peak value of the Koch probe for the inspection of cracks in 90°orientation is larger than that of the circular probe when the lift-off distance is smaller than 1.2 mm.In addition,the influence of the lift-off distance on the peak-to-peak signal value of the two probes was studied via normalization.This indicates that the influence becomes more evident with an increase in excitation frequency.This research discloses the lift-off effect of differential planar eddy current probes with different coil shapes and proves the detection merit of the Koch probe for 90°cracks at low lift-off distances.

Research and exploration of direct current power supply and distribution systems for Antarctic research stations

The power supply and distribution systems for Antarctic research stations have special characteristics.In light of a worldwide trend toward a gradual increase in the application of renewable energy,an analysis was performed to assess the feasibility of achieving a direct current power supply and distribution at Antarctic research stations by comparing the characteristics of direct current and alternating current electricity.Research was also performed on the status quo and future trends in direct current power supply and distribution systems in Antarctica research stations in combination with case studies.

Design of weak current measurement system and research on temperature impact

A dedicated weak current measurement system was designed to measure the weak currents generated by the neutron ionization chamber.This system incorporates a second-order low-pass filter circuit and the Kalman filtering algorithm to effectively filter out noise and minimize interference in the measurement results.Testing conducted under normal temperature conditions has demonstrated the system's high precision performance.However,it was observed that temperature variations can affect the measurement performance.Data were collected across temperatures ranging from -20 to 70℃,and a temperature correction model was established through linear regression fitting to address this issue.The feasibility of the temperature correction model was confirmed at temperatures of -5 and 40℃,where relative errors remained below 0.1% after applying the temperature correction.The research indicates that the designed measurement system exhibits excellent temperature adaptability and high precision,making it particularly suitable for measuring weak currents.

What induced the trend shift of mixed-layer depths in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current region in the mid-1980s?

An obvious trend shift in the annual mean and winter mixed layer depth(MLD)in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current(ACC)region was detected during the 1960–2021 period.Shallowing trends stopped in mid-1980s,followed by a period of weak trends.The MLD deepening trend difference between the two periods were mainly distributed in the western areas in the Drake Passage,the areas north to Victoria Land and Wilkes Land,and the central parts of the South Indian sector.The newly formed ocean current shear due to the meridional shift of the ACC flow axis between the two periods is the dominant driver for the MLD trends shift distributed in the western areas in the Drake Passage and the central parts of the South Indian sector.The saltier trends in the regions north to Victoria Land and Wilkes Land could be responsible for the strengthening mixing processes in this region.

Research on the monitoring system for induced voltage and ground current of 27.5 kV cable sheath in railways

Purpose–The purpose of this study is to address the deficiency in safety monitoring technology for 27.5 kV high-voltage cables within the railway traction power supply by analyzing the grounding methods employed in high-speed railways and developing an effective monitoring solution.Design/methodology/approach–Through establishing a mathematical model of induced potential in the cable sheath and analyzing its influencing factors,the principle of grounding current monitoring is proposed.Furthermore,the accuracy of data collection and alarm function of the monitoring equipment were verified through laboratory simulation experiments.Finally,through practical application in the traction substation of the railway bureau on site,a large amount of data were collected to verify the stability and reliability of the monitoring system in actual environments.Findings–The experimental results show that the designed monitoring system can effectively monitor the grounding current of high-voltage cables and respond promptly to changes in cable insulation status.The system performs excellently in terms of data collection accuracy,real-time performance and reliability of alarm functions.In addition,the on-site trial results further confirm the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring system in practical applications,providing strong technical support for the safe operation of highspeed railway traction power supply systems.Originality/value–This study innovatively develops a 27.5kV high-voltage cable grounding current monitoring system,which provides a new technical means for evaluating the insulation status of cables by accurately measuring the grounding current.The design,experimental verification and application of this system in high-speed railway traction power supply systems have demonstrated significant academic value and practical significance,contributing innovative solutions to the field of railway power supply safety monitoring.

Fluid-chemical modeling of the near-cathode sheath formation process in a high current broken in DC air circuit breaker

When the contacts of a medium-voltage DC air circuit breaker(DCCB) are separated, the energy distribution of the arc is determined by the formation process of the near-electrode sheath. Therefore, the voltage drop through the near-electrode sheath is an important means to build up the arc voltage, which directly determines the current-limiting performance of the DCCB. A numerical model to describe the near-electrode sheath formation process can provide insight into the physical mechanism of the arc formation, and thus provide a method for arc energy regulation. In this work, we establish a two-dimensional axisymmetric time-varying model of a medium-voltage DCCB arc when interrupted by high current based on a fluid-chemical model involving 16 kinds of species and 46 collision reactions. The transient distributions of electron number density, positive and negative ion number density, net space charge density, axial electric field, axial potential between electrodes, and near-cathode sheath are obtained from the numerical model. The computational results show that the electron density in the arc column increases, then decreases, and then stabilizes during the near-cathode sheath formation process, and the arc column's diameter gradually becomes wider. The 11.14 V–12.33 V drops along the17 μm space charge layer away from the cathode(65.5 k V/m–72.5 k V/m) when the current varies from 20 k A–80 k A.The homogeneous external magnetic field has little effect on the distribution of particles in the near-cathode sheath core,but the electron number density at the near-cathode sheath periphery can increase as the magnetic field increases and the homogeneous external magnetic field will lead to arc diffusion. The validity of the numerical model can be proven by comparison with the experiment.

Observation of Arctic surface currents using data from a surface drifting buoy

During the 10th Chinese Arctic scientific expedition carried out in the summer of 2019,the surface current in the high-latitude areas of the Arctic Ocean was observed using a self-developed surface drifting buoy,which was initially deployed in the Chukchi Sea.The buoy traversed the Chukchi Sea,Chukchi Abyssal Plain,Mendeleev Ridge,Makarov Basin,and Canada Basin over a period of 632 d.After returning to the Mendeleev Ridge,it continued to drift toward the pole.Overall,the track of the buoy reflected the characteristics of the transpolar drift and Chukchi Slope Current,as well as the inertial flow,cross-ridge surface flow,and even the surface disorganized flow for some time intervals.The results showed that:(1)the transpolar drift mainly occurs in the Chukchi Abyssal Plain,Mendeleev Ridge,and western Canada Basin to the east of the ridge where sea ice concentration is high,and the average northward flow velocity in the region between 79.41°N and 86.32°N was 5.1 cm/s;(2)the average surface velocity of the Chukchi Slope Current was 13.5 cm/s,and while this current moves westward along the continental slope,it also extends northwestward across the continental slope and flows to the deep sea;and(3)when sea ice concentration was less than 50%,the inertial flow was more significant(the maximum observed inertial flow was 26 cm/s,and the radius of the inertia circle was 3.6 km).

Current Circulation and Water Renewal Time in the Enclosed Marine Area of Pagasitikos Basin, Greece

Greece boasts an impressive closed coastline stretching across 13,676 km, making it the largest in the Mediterranean basin and one of the largest in the world. Given the significant human activities that take place in coastal areas, understanding the behavior of the sea environment becomes crucial. In this study, we delve into the generation and movement of marine currents as well as the retention time and water age within the waters of Pagasitikos Sea inlet, Greece, through numerical simulation of hydrodynamic characteristics. The main examined points of the understudy region are the area of the port of Volos, the Trikeri channel where the ingress and egress of water from the Gulf takes place and the exchange of seawater through circulation of the Pagasitikos Gulf with the North Evian Gulf. In order to evaluate the results, they were compared with real field measurements and with simulation on a laboratory dummy of the same area. The computational simulation was performed with the ELCOM 2.2 numerical modeling tool and the AEM3D latest version and the main factors simulated are the tide, the consequence that Coriolis force, boundary conditions, the topography and bottom geometry of the bay and the actual meteorological conditions of a whole year.

Research on the Current Situation and Countermeasures of Integrating Artificial Intelligence into Ideological and Political Teaching in Universities

With the rapid development of modern science and technology,artificial intelligence(AI)technology is becoming more and more mature,which has brought a profound impact on every field of human society.The new era background provides a new teaching concept for ideological and political teaching in colleges and universities.Teachers in colleges and universities should adopt a positive attitude to face the teaching change brought by new technology,update the teaching ideas in time,and adjust the teaching strategy.This paper will analyze the current situation of the integrated development of AI and ideological and political teaching and put forward corresponding teaching strategies to help train well-developed socialist successors.

Research on the Current Situation of China’s Higher Education Students Studying Abroad in the Context of Higher Education Internationalization

In the context of education internationalization,the internationalization of higher education has become a major trend in the field of education in most countries,with international student education as the core.This phenomenon promotes cultural exchanges and integration among countries as well as higher education reform,which is of great significance in enhancing the international influence of higher education in each country.However,there are also some challenges faced by higher education students when studying abroad.The article digs into the origin and history of studying abroad,analyzes the current situation and reasons for higher education students in China to study abroad,discusses the opportunities and challenges faced by higher education students in China when studying abroad,and analyzes the trend of studying abroad in China.

考虑填充墙的RC框架结构性能指标限值确定方法

填充墙钢筋混凝土(RC)框架结构是我国应用最为广泛的结构形式之一,而我国规范中给出的此类结构性能指标限值并未充分考虑填充墙对整体结构破坏状态的影响。遵循我国规范中对结构破坏状态的定义原则,提出基于构件破坏率的填充墙RC框架结构性能指标限值确定方法,为此类结构破坏状态与工程需求参数对应关系的研究提供新的思路。以典型结构为例建立数值分析模型,采用该文方法计算考虑填充墙的RC框架结构性能指标限值,并与不考虑填充墙的“纯框架”限值进行了对比分析。相较于“纯框架指标”,该文指标完好、轻微破坏、中等破坏和严重破坏四个破坏状态的层间位移角上限值均更小,其中,完好状态的上限值为1/832,远小于规范中规定的弹性层间位移角限值1/550,说明判定填充墙RC框架结构的破坏状态时,直接应用规范限值会低估结构的破坏程度。

纤维织物增强高延性混凝土加固RC短柱抗剪性能试验研究

为研究纤维织物增强高延性混凝土(TR-HDC)加固钢筋混凝土短柱的抗剪性能,设计了6根钢筋混凝土柱,包括2个对比柱和4个TR-HDC加固柱.通过低周反复荷载试验,对比分析剪跨比、纤维织物层数对试件破坏形态、变形、承载力和耗能能力的影响.结果表明:采用TR-HDC加固钢筋混凝土短柱,可显著提高其抗剪承载力;TR-HDC与原混凝土柱协同工作性能良好,加固后的混凝土柱的变形、承载力和耗能能力明显提高;增加纤维织物的层数对钢筋混凝土短柱的抗剪承载力提高幅度较小,但可大幅增强柱的耗能和变形能力;剪跨比较大时,更有利于发挥TR-HDC加固材料的力学性能.基于桁架-拱模型,提出TR-HDC加固钢筋混凝土短柱的抗剪承载力计算方法,计算结果较准确.

基于新的改进Bouc-Wen模型的预制RC桥墩滞回模型研究

Bouc-Wen-Baber-Noori(BWBN)模型是改进的Bouc-Wen模型。BWBN模型可以较好地描述钢筋混凝土结构在强震作用下的捏缩效应,但由于BWBN模型中“捏缩效应”函数复杂且参数较多,其计算效率较低。针对该问题,该文基于近似狄拉克δ函数构建更简单、高效的“捏缩效应”函数,进而提出了新的改进Bouc-Wen(MBW)模型,它可以用更少的参数来实现捏缩效应。基于预制RC桥墩的拟静力试验数据来验证MBW模型的有效性,利用MATLAB遗传算法工具箱对BWBN模型和MBW模型进行参数识别,结果表明,该文提出的MBW模型具有更高的计算精度。

粘铝合金板加固RC梁抗弯性能试验及正截面承载力

为了探讨铝合金板厚度与端部U形铝合金箍板构造对RC梁破坏机理及抗弯性能的影响,对16根铝合金板加固RC梁进行了4点弯曲静力加载试验。在试验梁底铝合金板的表面以及试验梁跨中截面的顶面、侧面粘贴应变片,在试验梁底跨中、梁顶两端支座布置百分表。为了推导铝合金板加固RC梁的正截面承载力计算式,基于试验得到的破坏机理,通过引入6个基本假定,分析了5种不同破坏模式的相对受压区高度。建立了各破坏模式下铝合金板加固RC梁的正截面承载力计算式,并将其与引入文献中的试验结果进行了对比分析。结果表明:试件破坏形态包括适筋破坏、端部铝合金板与结构胶剥离、端部铝合金板与梁剥离及中部铝合金板剥离4种情况;当端部设置U形铝合金箍板时,可有效抑制端部铝合金板发生剥离,使钢筋与铝合金板的材料性能得到充分发挥,试件承载力与延性明显提升;当铝合金板厚度分别为2~6 mm时,试件承载力随铝合金板厚度的增加而提高;端部设置U形铝合金箍板可有效防止端部铝合金板发生剥离,但试件仍可能会出现中部铝合金板剥离现象;当试件出现适筋破坏特征时,试件抗弯承载力的计算值与试验值比值均在1以下。本研究所提计算式具有明显的规律性和适用性,可为工程实际设计提供参考。

节点加强下UHPC加固RC方柱抗震性能研究

目的为解决超高性能混凝土(ultra-high performance concrete,UHPC)在加固钢筋混凝土方柱中与基础的脱黏问题,方法在节点加强下采用UHPC对钢筋混凝土方柱进行加固。为验证该加固方法的有效性,设计并制作4个试件,以加固与否、不同轴压比(0.2,0.4)为参数,对各试件的延性性能、累计耗能、峰值承载力等抗震性能指标进行分析。结果试验结果表明,UHPC节点加强加固柱的延性系数、累计耗能最高提升了15.7%,76.4%,承载力最大提升了37.6%,并且加固柱滞回曲线的捏拢效应有所改善,这是因为:一方面,采用节点加强可以增大UHPC加固层与基础顶面的黏结应力,使UHPC加固层与核心混凝土具有非常良好的协同工作作用;另一方面,UHPC加固层可以限制混凝土开裂和塑性铰区纵筋屈曲,从而提高塑性铰区的转动能力。随着轴压比提高,试件承载力呈上升趋势,但延性性能和累计耗能均有所下降,这是因为UHPC中的钢纤维具有桥联作用,抑制了水泥基体裂缝的发展,使UHPC加固层剥落不严重,对高轴压比试件的破坏形态改善较为明显。最后提出一种基于平截面假定的UHPC节点加强加固柱的压弯承载力计算方法,计算结果与试验结果的比值均大于0.85,具有较高的精度,验证了该计算方法的合理性。结论研究成果可为节点加强下UHPC加固RC方柱的实际工程应用及设计提供试验依据和理论参考。

一种基于频差自校准的高精度RC振荡器

提出了一种基于频差自校准的高精度RC振荡器。通过对PTAT高频环形振荡器时钟计数,得到RC振荡器和参考时钟的计数偏差。数字自校准电路通过电阻阵列校准参考电压,减小计数偏差,进而得到稳定的振荡频率。参考时钟仅在工作前校准,实际工作中不需要额外的参考时钟。该RC振荡器采用CSMC 0.18μm工艺,工作电压为1.8 V。仿真结果表明,该电路可以产生2 MHz的稳定振荡频率,整个系统的功耗为48.4μW,启动时间小于15μs。在-40~125℃温度范围内,振荡频率变化率小于±0.2%。在1.70~1.98 V供电电压范围内,振荡频率变化率小于±0.25%/V。

近海大气环境下RC结构钢筋锈蚀程度预测

钢筋锈蚀是影响近海大气环境下RC结构使用寿命的重要因素之一。为研究近海大气环境下混凝土碳化与氯离子侵蚀双重作用对钢筋锈蚀的影响,对沿海地区不同龄期钢筋混凝土结构进行了工程实测,包括混凝土抗压强度、碳化深度、钢筋表面氯离子浓度及锈蚀深度。基于实测结果,拟合得到了混凝土碳化深度与抗压强度间的关系模型,建立了同时考虑混凝土碳化深度与钢筋表面氯离子浓度的钢筋锈蚀深度预测模型。在此基础上,利用Abaqus分析软件对不同龄期、轴压比的RC框架柱进行了损伤塑性分析,得到了锈蚀RC框架柱抗震性能随服役龄期与轴压比的变化规律。

人参皂苷Rc通过调控AMPK通路介导的细胞焦亡减轻小鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤

目的:探讨人参皂苷Rc对脑缺血再灌注损伤(CIRI)小鼠的保护作用,并从细胞焦亡角度阐释其作用机制。方法:将C57BL/6小鼠随机分为假手术(sham)组、大脑中动脉闭塞/再灌注(MCAO/R)组、人参皂苷Rc+MCAO/R组(Rc组)、AMP活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)激动剂阿卡地新(AICAR)+MCAO/R组(agonist组)和人参皂苷Rc+MCAO/R+AMPK抑制剂Compound C组(Rc+inhibitor组)。对agonist组小鼠给予AICAR(500 mg/kg)腹腔注射,Rc+inhibitor组小鼠给予Compound C(20 mg/kg)腹腔注射;Rc组和Rc+inhibitor组小鼠造模后给予人参皂苷Rc(40 mg/kg)灌胃,每天一次,连续7 d;sham组和MCAO/R组则给予等体积的纯化水。Zea Longa评分观察小鼠神经功能缺损程度,TTC染色观察小鼠脑梗死体积,干湿重法观察小鼠脑水肿程度,HE染色观察小鼠脑组织病理形态的改变,RT-qPCR和Western blot检测小鼠脑组织AMPK、核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)、胱天蛋白酶1(caspase-1)和焦亡效应蛋白消皮素D(GSDMD)的表达,ELISA检测炎症因子白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)和IL-18的含量。结果:Rc组和agonist组小鼠神经功能缺损症状减轻,脑梗死体积减小,脑水肿和神经元病理损伤受到抑制,脑组织pAMPK/AMPK比值和AMPK mRNA表达水平升高,细胞焦亡相关蛋白NLRP3、caspase-1和GSDMD的mRNA和蛋白表达水平降低,炎症因子IL-1β和IL-18表达水平降低。Rc+inhibitor组小鼠脑组织p-AMPK/AMPK比值和AMPK mRNA表达水平较Rc组显著下降(P<0.05),NLRP3、caspase-1和GSDMD的mRNA和蛋白表达水平,以及IL-1β和IL-18表达水平显著升高(P<0.05),小鼠神经功能缺损程度评分升高,脑梗死体积增大,脑水肿和神经元病理损伤显著加重(P<0.05)。结论:人参皂苷Rc可能通过活化AMPK通路抑制NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD介导的细胞焦亡,从而减轻小鼠CIRI。

弯-剪-扭复合受力CFRP布加固RC梁抗扭性能细观数值分析

为了研究弯-剪-扭复合受力条件下碳纤维增强复合材料(carbon fiber reinforced polymer, CFRP)布加固钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete, RC)梁的抗扭性能,建立体现混凝土材料非均质性、钢筋-混凝土黏结滑移关系和CFRP布-混凝土相互作用关系的细观数值分析模型。由于缺乏CFRP布加固RC梁在弯-剪-扭复合受力作用下失效破坏的典型物理试验,采用复合对比验证法对数值模型的合理性进行验证,即分别与单独受剪、单独受扭以及受弯-扭复合作用下RC梁和CFRP布加固RC梁的试验结果进行对比验证。进而,基于建立的细观数值分析模型探究了配纤率和扭弯比对CFRP布加固RC梁在弯-剪-扭复合受力作用下抗扭力学性能的影响。结果表明:1)采用CFRP布加固能够显著提高RC梁的峰值扭矩;2)随配纤率增加,RC梁损伤分布范围逐渐变大,CFRP布应变逐渐减小,梁整体峰值扭矩增大,但其增大幅度减小;3)随扭弯比增加,RC梁裂缝分布愈加集中,裂缝与水平方向夹角逐渐减小,梁整体峰值扭矩增大,CFRP布应变减小。建立的考虑弯-剪-扭复合受力作用的数值模拟方法可为后续研究复杂应力状态下CFRP布加固RC梁尺寸效应行为等奠定基础。

附设黏滞阻尼器的RC框架结构抗震韧性评估

为研究黏滞阻尼器对钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete,RC)框架结构抗震韧性影响,基于增量动力时程分析方法,对附设黏滞阻尼器的RC框架结构开展抗震韧性能力评估。结合FEMA P-58以及我国抗震韧性评价标准,将主要受损构件的修复费用、修复时间曲线以及易损性信息按实际情况进行相应修正,并对无控结构和有控结构的修复费用、修复时间和人员伤亡等主要抗震韧性指标进行对比分析,明确了黏滞阻尼器对RC框架结构抗震韧性的影响。研究表明,在RC框架结构中适当设置黏滞阻尼器不仅能够减小结构地震响应、降低结构破坏概率,还能有效提升结构抗震韧性。