Current Advanced Power Generation Technologies and Options for China (2)

In China, electricity consumption keeps growing at a high speed and installed capacity will be doubled in the next fifteen years. As the world second CO2 producer and also a member of Kyoto Protocol, how to balance energy needs and environmental protection responsibility in the future is a serious problem for China. As such, there are a number of technology choices for today's electric power generation. After discussing the current advanced power generation technologies based on Chinese energy structure and current conditions of power industry, this paper gives a reference to the technology options for China in the future. Here published is the second part of the paper.

Degradation of the transconductance of a gate-modulated generation current in nMOSFET

The degradation of transconductance （G） of a gate-modulated generation current IGD in a LDD nMOSFET is investigated. The G curve shifts rightward under the single electron-injection-stress （EIS）. The trapped electrons located in the gate oxide over the LDD region （QL） makes the effective drain voltage diminish. Accordingly, the G peak in depletion （GMD） and that in weak inversion （GMw） decrease. It is found that △GMD and △GMw each have a linear relationship with the n-th power of stress time （tn） in a dual-log coordinate： △GMD octn, AGMD octn （n = 0.25）. During the alternate stress, the injected holes neutralize QL induced by the previous EIS. This neutralization makes the effective VD restore to the initial value and then the IGD peak recovers completely. Yet the threshold voltage recovery is incomplete due to the trapped electron located over the channel （Qc）. As a result, GMW only recovers to circa 50% of the initial value after the hole-injection-stress （HIS）. Instead, GMD almost recovers. The relevant mechanisms are given in detail.

Current Advanced Power Generation Technologies and Options for China(1)

In China, electricity consumption keeps growing at a high speed and installed capacity will be dou- bled in the next fifteen years. As the world second CO2 producer and also a member of Kyoto Protocol, how to balance energy needs and environmental protection responsibility in the future is a serious problem for China. As such, there are a number of technology choices for today's electric power generation. After discussing the current advanced power generation technologies based on Chinese energy structure and current conditions of power industry, this paper gives a reference to the technology options for China in the future.

Photon-Assisted Heat Generation by Electric Current in a Quantum Dot Attached to Ferromagnetic Leads

Heat generated by electric current in a quantum dot device contacting a phonon bath is studied using the non- equilibrium Green function technique. Spin-polarized current is generated owing to the Zeeman splitting of the dot level. The current＇s strength and the spin polarization are further manipulated by changing the frequency of an applied photon field and the ferromagnetism on the leads. We find that the associated heat by this spin- polarized current emerges even if the bias voltage is smaller than the phonon energy quanta and obvious negative differential of the heat generation develops when the photon frequency exceeds that of the phonon. It is also found that both the strength and the resonant peaks＇ position of the heat generation can be tuned by changing the value and the arrangement configurations of the magnetic moments of the two leads, and then provides an effective method to generate large spin-polarized current with weak heat. Such a result may be useful in designing low energy consumption spintronic devices.

Current Situation of China's Thermal Power Generation Equipment & Its Development Perspective

1. The present manufacturing situation of China’s thermal power generation equipment By the year 1995. development of China’s electric power industry has experienced a course of a hundred years. Over a period of the initial 50 years. China’s development of electric power was slow. At the time of 1949, the total installed capacity in China was 1,850 MW and the electricity generated was only 4.3 billion kWh. During the past 46 years after 1949, her

Effect of High-Gate-Voltage Stress on the Reverse Gated-Diode Current in LDD nMOSFET’s

The reverse generation current under high-gate-voltage stress condition in LDD nMOSFET＇s is studied. We find that the generation current peak decreases as the stress time increases. We ascribe this finding to the dominating oxide trapped electrons that reduce the effective drain bias, lowering the maximal generation rate. The density of the effective trapped electrons affecting the effective drain bias is calculated with our model.

Influence evaluation of titania nanotube surface morphology on the performance of bioelectrochemical systems

In order to investigate the effect of the surface morphology and resistance of the TiO2 semiconductor on current output,TiO2 nanotube array bio-anodes(TNA)are synthesized at different electrolyte temperatures,thereby changing the length and surface roughness of the nanotubes.When the anodizing temperature is increased from 30 to 75℃,the length of the nanotubes increases from 1.459 to 4.183μm,which hinders the transfer of extracellular electrons to the electrodes.On the other hand,the surface roughness of TNA is significantly improved at higher temperatures,which is conducive to electron transfer.Therefore,samples processed at 45℃have the best current output performance.Compared with the treatment at 30℃under anodization,samples processed at 45℃can balance the resistance and roughness and have a higher electron transfer rate;the current output density of which is increased by 1.5 times,and the decolorization rate is increased by 0.8 times.Therefore,proper TNA surface morphology can improve the current output and the potential of wastewater treatment.

Automatic stabilization of velocity for ultrasonic vibration system

Describes the structure of a current feedback ultrasonic generation system with such characteristic as velocity stabilization and automatic frequency tracking, discusses the velocity stabilization principle, and points out that successful frequency tracking is precondition for velocity stabilization.

Some Explanation on Vector Diagram for Power System Analysis

The generating currents in the generator and the dissipating current at the load are completely different and they are out of phase.The magnitude of those currents is equal and the direction is opposite to each other.The resistive,inductive and capacitive loads dissipate completely different voltages which concern each of character of these loads.The direction of vectors of generated voltage and dissipated voltage must be drawn opposite to each other in the vector diagram.The vector of consumed voltage at the resistive load and the vector of the current through this load are in phase while the vector of generated voltage of the main source is out of phase.The resistive load consumes the voltage which is generated by the main source.The inductive load consumes the voltage which is induced or generated in the inductor caused by the inductance due to the current flow through the network.The vectors of consumed voltage at the inductive load and the vector of current through this load are in phase while the vector of generated voltage in the inductor caused by the inductance is out of phase.The capacitive load consumes the voltage which is generated at the capacitor caused by the capacitance due to the current flow through the network.The vector of consumed voltage at the capacitive load and the vectors of current through this load are in phase while the vector of generated voltage at the capacitor caused by the capacitance is out of phase.

NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON CURRENT GENERATION IN DEEPWATER OFFSHORE BASIN

During the design and construction of the deepwater offshore basin, its current generation system is considered to be one of the key technologies. In this article, the state-of-the-art deepwater offshore basin at Shanghai Jiaotong University was examined as a case study. Different 3-D numerical models of the current generation system were developed and calculated. The uniformity of flow field in the basin, such as horizontal and vertical current velocity profiles, were calculated in detail. Besides, a 1 ： 10 scaled model test was also carried out. The current velocities at different locations in the basin were measured and compared with the calculated results. It is concluded that satisfactory agreement can be resulted between the numerical simulation and model test. In addition, it is suggested that transition sections and turning vanes need to be set in inflow and outflow culverts to improve the uniformity of flow field in the basin. And the hydraulic performance of the deepwater current generation system can meet the requirements of model tests in deep water.

Comprehensive evaluation method for tidal current power generation device

There are many types of tidal current power generation devices,and it is necessary to make comprehensive evaluation of tidal current power generation devices in order to provide valuable reference for the improvement of their performance indexes.On the basis of the analysis of the tidal current power generation device performance indexes,the hierarchical model for comprehensive evaluation of device performance is given in this paper.By normalizing the membership matrix elements based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model,all the values of the matrix elements are restrained in the range of0.0 to 1.0,hence the complexity of the calculations is reduced.Vector similarity is used to determine the expert weights which reflect the knowledge and experience of the experts.This paper presents an improved method for rank correlation analysis,and calculates the comprehensive weight value and the final evaluation results of tidal current power generation devices.The presented method improves the credibility of the evaluation.In the end,measured data of two units of tidal current power generation devices are evaluated in the paper,and the effectiveness of the presented method is verified.

Environmental State of a Harbor in Terms of Waters Renewal. A Case Study for a Fishery Harbor in Thessaloniki Gulf

The waters renewal of the fishery harbor of Nea Krini is presented here. The harbor is located at the east Thessaloniki Gulf (NE Thermaikos Gulf, Greece). The main research point is focused on the environmental state of the harbor which is under construction. Under that point of view, the description of a two-dimensional, depth average, hydrodynamic model follows, in order to simulate the wind generated circulation of waters, initially on the greater area of Thermaikos Gulf and then on the coastal basin of the fishing harbor. The renewal of waters in the harbor’s basin is subsequently studied. Tidal effects on the waters’ renewal are also studied. The calculation of the concentration of Biochemically Oxygen Demand (BOD) in the fishing harbor for the average time of waters’ renewal is then examined for three different cases, concerning the existence and operation of openings on the body of the groins. Finally, the analysis of the results shows a good environmental state of the harbor. It is obvious that the use of numerical models for different scenarios of engineering and design approaches can lead to the prognosis of hydrodynamic and environmental sate of a harbor’s basin so that the best possible technical design can be adopted.

CCII-Based Inverse Active Filters with Grounded Passive Components

This paper introduces IAFs （inverse active filters） employing CCIIs （second generation current conveyors） and groundedpassive components. The IAFs enable ILP （inverse low-pass）, IBP （inverse band-pass） and IHP （inverse high-pass） characteristics byadding the circuit currents. Additionally, the circuit parameters ω0 and Q can be set orthogonally adjusting the circuit components.The achievement example is given together with simulation results by PSPICE.