Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Local Scour Around Submarine Piggyback Pipeline Under Steady Current

As a new type of submarine pipeline, the piggyback pipeline has been gradually adopted in engineering practice to enhance the performance and safety of submarine pipelines. However, limited simulation work and few experimental studies have been published on the scour around the piggyback pipeline under steady current. This study numerically and experimentally investigates the local scour of the piggyback pipe under steady current. The influence of prominent factors such as pipe diameter, inflow Reynolds number, and gap between the main and small pipes, on the maximum scour depth have been examined and discussed in detail. Furthermore, one formula to predict the maximum scour depth under the piggyback pipeline has been derived based on the theoretical analysis of scour equilibrium. The feasibility of the proposed formula has been effectively calibrated by both experimental data and numerical results. The findings drawn from this study are instructive in the future design and application of the piggyback pipeline.

Experimental Study on Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Vertical-Axis Floating Tidal Current Energy Power Generation Device

To study the characteristics of attenuation, hydrostatic towage and wave response of the vertical-axis floating tidal current energy power generation device （VAFTCEPGD）, a prototype is designed and experiment is carried out in the towing tank. Free decay is conducted to obtain attenuation characteristics of the VAFTCEPGD, and characteristics of mooring forces and motion response, floating condition, especially the lateral displacement of the VAFTCEPGD are obtained from the towing in still water. Tension response of the #1 mooring line and vibration characteristics of the VAFTCEPGD in regular waves as well as in level 4 irregular wave sea state with the current velocity of 0.6 m/s. The results can be reference for theoretical study and engineering applications related to VAFTCEPGD.

Experimental Analysis on Shielding Effect of the Grounding Electrodes Under Impulse-current

Generally,the flow of a lightning impulse current from a grounding electrode into ground is a very complicated process determined by many factors.In order to analyze the mechanism of the impulse current dissipating in the earth from grounding electrode,the experiments that had been carried out by other authors almost used a single horizontal grounding wire or vertical grounding rod for sake of simplicity.However,in practical conditions,most of the grounding systems are constructed of grounding electrodes with branches in different directions.In this study,basing on the principle of dimensional similarity,impulse simulation experiments are performed on the common ground electrodes with conductor branches.This paper focuses on analyzing the impulse current dispersal regularity of different branches when injecting at one point.Comparing with the leakage current distribution of a single ground electrode,it is found that the leakage currents along the branches increase with the distance to the current feed point,and the more conductors near the injection point,the more uneven the leakage current distribution is.This work indicates that shielding effect should be taken into account when analyzing the impulse characteristics of grounding electrodes.

Rectification of Ion Current Determined by the Nanopore Geometry:Experiments and Modelling

We provide a way to precisely control the geometry of a SiNx nanopore by adjusting the applied electric pulse. The pore is generated by applying the current pulse across a SiNx membrane, which is immersed in potassium chloride solution. We can generate single conical and cylindrical pores with different electric pulses. A theoretical model based on the Poisson and Nernst-Planck equations is employed to simulate the ion transport properties in the channel. In turn, we can analyze pore geometries by fitting the experimental current-voltage （I-V） curves. for the conical pores with a pore size of 0.5-2nm in diameter, the slope angles are around -2.5% to -10%. Moreover, the pore orifice can be enlarged slightly by additional repeating pulses. The conic pore lumen becomes close to a cylindrical channel, resulting in a symmetry I-V transport under positive and negative biases. A qualitative understanding of these effects will help us to prepare useful solid-nanopores as demanded.

双层电介质界面极化电流测量装置的设计与实现

界面夹层极化现象是高电压技术中的重要知识点。为了使学生更好地掌握双层电介质界面极化电流的测量,研制了一套界面极化电流测量装置——极化-去极化电流测量装置。基于极化-去极化电流测量原理,设计了无线传输数据的皮安表、可输出0~5 kV电压的程控直流高压电源以及分析显示数据的上位机控制程序,然后基于该测量装置设计了双层电介质界面极化电流测量实验。结果表明,该测量装置解决了双层电介质界面极化电流不易测量、学生理解难的问题。将实验教学与实际工程问题紧密连接,把微观的工程技术问题转变为宏观的实验现象,对于培养学生的科研思维及分析问题、解决问题能力有重要意义。

海岸植被防护机制的物理模型试验研究进展

基于自然的海岸修复与防护越来越受到人们关注,从海岸植被对水动力及泥沙运动影响机制的物理模型试验研究方面,介绍了试验研究中植被的描述方法,包括植被的分类、材料选择、特性表征等;综述了植被影响下的流场结构、消浪特征、形态阻力相关的研究进展;论述了悬沙浓度分布、泥沙再悬浮、沉积和冲刷模式等泥沙输运方面的研究成果;结合大量模型试验研究,提出了未来的研究趋势。

感应电动机中三相不对称绕组

对具有三相不对称交流绕组的感应电动机进行研究,对已有的研究成果进行分析与对比。在对称分量变换下建立了采用序阻抗表达的对称绕组相电压方程,得到了相绕组的自漏阻抗和互漏阻抗与等效阻抗和零序阻抗之间的关系。根据不对称绕组的实际情况,将等效阻抗和零序阻抗分别乘上不同的系数,建立了新的电压方程。采用磁动势分量进行了坐标变换,实现了电压方程的解耦,使计算得到简化。最后,通过实验对计算数据进行了验证。

水生植物对水体流速的影响规律

为探究水生植物对水体流速的影响规律,设计波—流—水生植物试验方案,其试验装置系统包含P-FIS水生植物-水槽集成系统、HCS水动力控制系统和HMS水动力监测系统;试验条件设计涵盖3类水生植物、6套植株密度及8种水动力工况。研究结果表明,在不规则波作用下,柔性挺水植物和柔性沉水植物的消浪和阻流效果优于刚性挺水植物。波条件下,植株矮的柔性沉水植物过流能力较强;流条件下,植株高的挺水类植物过流能力较强。在测点位置z/H=(0.28±0.04)范围,流速波动达到峰值。柔性挺水植物和柔性沉水植物,在水面以下有繁茂的枝叶结构,其种植密度会显著影响水体流速。研究结果可为水域种植适宜、适量的水生植物提供依据,以期保持水体流动性,同时削减对底泥的冲刷作用,改善水质。

大学有机化学实验中的人名反应

人名反应是有机化学的基石,也是有机化学实验最重要的内容。本文简要介绍了有机人名反应,包括以华人化学家命名的有机人名反应,重点分析了人名反应在大学有机化学实验中的现状,探讨了其教学特点、优势和发展趋势。本文为国内同行开展实验教学研究、拓展实验新方法与新技术提供了借鉴,也有利于提升学生的学习兴趣、增强民族自豪感。

Observing eddy dye patches induced by shear instabilities in the surf zone on a plane beach

The effects of surf zone eddy generated by alongshore currents on the deformation and transport of dye are still poorly understood,and related tracer release experiments are lacking.Therefore,a tracer release laboratory experiment was conducted under monochromatic,unidirectional incident waves with a large incident angle(30°)on a plane beach with a 1:100 slope in a large wave basin.A charge-coupled device suspended above the basin recorded the dye patch image.The evolution of eddy dye patch was observed and the transport and diffusion were analyzed based on the collected images.Subsequently,a linear instability numerical model was adopted to calculate the perturbation velocity field at the initial stage.The observation and image processing results show that surf zone eddy patches occurred and were separated from the original dye patches.Our numerical analysis results demonstrate that the structure of the perturbation velocity field is consistent with the experimental observations,and that the ejection of eddy patches shoreward or offshore may be ascribed to the double vortex.

中国西南及陕西秦巴地区岩溶石漠化研究进展

石漠化危害着生态环境健康和社会经济发展,经过20多年的综合治理,中国西南地区石漠化面积呈减少的趋势,国家也将西南八省、区、直辖市设定为石漠化监测区域;而在陕西秦巴地区岩溶地质遗迹的研究中已发现石漠化发育的迹象,这对秦巴地区的生态安全造成威胁。文章总结西南地区岩溶石漠化的内涵、现状、危害、成因和治理经验,为开展非监测区--陕西秦巴地区岩溶石漠化的调查工作提供理论依据。通过遥感解译、无人机遥感调查和碳酸盐岩溶蚀速率分析,首次查明了陕西秦巴地区石漠化的发育情况,填补了该区域石漠化研究的空白。

靖远县地方特色农作物种质资源现状分析

为了全面摸清靖远县农作物种质资源的种类、分布、演变及现状,采用座谈交流和实地考察相结合的方法,开展了靖远县第三次全国种质资源普查与收集工作。共征集到县域内古老、珍稀农作物地方品种、种植年代久远的育成品种和珍稀、濒危农作物野生近缘植物种质资源60份,其中粮食作物11份,占18.3%;蔬菜(含瓜类)22份,占36.7%;古老与特有的本地果树品种13份,占21.7%;野生近缘作物资源12份,占20.0%;经济作物2份,占3.3%。现种植面积“千亩”以上的有小口大枣、大庙香水梨、河靖坪绿萝卜、吴家湾红萝卜、九队红皮大蒜;种植“百亩”以上的有靖远灯笼辣椒、红苕马铃薯,其余53份均零星存在,群体数量极少。并分析了靖远县珍稀、名优、特异作物种质资源种类、分布及其生存现状。

机床中的永磁同步电机预测电流控制方法分析

阐述扩展电压矢量集的分析模型预测控制问题,通过虚拟适量构造以及模型预测控制的方式,分析机床用永磁同步电机预测电流的控制方法。基于仿真和平台实验,验证采用预测直接电流控制方式可以获得理想的稳态电流控制效果,表现为电流总谐波含量显著下降以及电流低次谐波幅值明显减小。

基于SOGI的船用永磁同步电机谐波电流抑制方法

文章针对船用永磁同步电机中存在的谐波电流问题,提出了一种基于SOGI的谐波电流抑制方法。该方法通过对电网电流进行SOGI变换,得到了电流中的谐波分量,并采用PI控制器对谐波电流进行补偿。最后,通过仿真和实验验证了该方法的有效性和优越性。

Optimizing the Pulsed Current Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Parameters

The selection of process parameter in the gas tungsten arc （GTA） welding of titanium alloy was presented for obtaining optimum grain size and hardness. Titanium alloy （Ti-6Al-4V） is one of the most important non-ferrous metals which offers great potential application in aerospace, biomedical and chemical industries, because of its low density （4.5 g/cm^3）, excellent corrosion resistance, high strength, attractive fracture behaviour and high melting point （1678℃）. The preferred welding process for titanium alloy is frequent GTA welding due to its comparatively easier applicability and better economy. In the case of single pass （GTA） welding of thinner section of this alloy, the pulsed current has been found beneficial due to its advantages over the conventional continuous current process. Many considerations come into the picture and one needs to carefully balance various pulse current parameters to reach an optimum combination. Four factors, five level, central composite, rotatable design matrix were used to optimize the required number of experimental conditions. Mathematical models were developed to predict the fusion zone grain size using analysis of variance （ANOVA） and regression analysis. The developed models were optimized using the traditional Hooke and Jeeve＇s algorithm. Experimental results were provided to illustrate the proposed approach.

Enlightenment of Successful Experience of Rural Tourism in South Korea to Rural Tourism in Tai'an City

To revitalize rural tourism and improve the quality of life of rural residents,the successful experience of rural tourism in South Korea is used for reference,with an important significance for promoting the development of rural tourism in Tai'an City.In this paper,three successful rural tourism cases of South Korea(Shuchuan,Hannong Village,Xinli Mupianwa Village)are analyzed first,and their successful experience is summarized.On the basis of accurately grasping current situation and problems of rural tourism development in Tai'an City,the countermeasures of promoting the development of rural tourism in Tai'an City are proposed:mobilizing the enthusiasm of villagers,multi-channel access to funds,diversified talent cultivation methods,product marketing system,and rural tourism management system.

NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE FORMATION OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA WARM CURRENT II. BAROCLINIC CASE

In this part, Levitus’ climatological temperature and salinity are incorporated in the numerical model developed in Part I. Diagnostic and prognostic experiment on the thermohaline circulation were conducted. The smooth Levitus’ data do not include any information on the South China Sea Warm Current (SCSWC), so it is not in the model produced diagnostic thermohaline circulation. Although the SCSWC does not appear in the wind driven circulation in the barotropic case, it appears in the prognostic wind driven circulation in the baroclinic case. This implies that the differing circulation patterns between barotropic case and baroclinic case are due to the stratification. The prognostic thermohaline circulation with wind stress and inflow/outflow transports at open boundaries are also discussed. Coupling of density and dynamic forces makes the circulation pattern more complicated. Even though the stratification is not always a direct cause of the formation of the SCSWC, it is at least an indirect cause.

EFFECTS OF SLOPING BOTTOM ON THE DEEPCROSS-EQUATORIAL BOUNDARY CURRENT

This paper reports study focusing on the effects of sloping bottom on the deep cross-equatorial boundary current, and discusses model and laboratory experiment results showing that the southward that the southward intrusion distance and flow speed of the western boundary current depend on the bottom slope variation rate,the difference between and and are the current thickness at eastward edge and westward edge, respectively), and the net mass transport.

Effect of Pulsed Current TIG Welding Parameters on Pitting Corrosion Behaviour of AA6061 Aluminium Alloy

中等力量铝合金( Al-Mg-Si 合金)收集了轻重量的制造组织要求高力量重量比率的宽 acceptancein ，如此的 astransportable 桥 girders ，军事车辆，为铝合金焊接过程的道路油轮和铁路运输 systems.Thepreferred 经常是 TIG (钨惰性的气体)焊接到期的 toits 比较地更容易的适用性和更好的 economy.In 焊接这合金的 ofthinner 节的单个通行证 TIG 的盒子。

Mechanical Behaviors of Submerged Floating Tunnel under Current Effect

In order to provide a technical reference and guidance for the safety and stability analysis of the submerged floating tunnel （SFT） in the future, the mechanical behaviors of SFT under the action of water current with different velocities were studied by experiments on an SFT tube model made of rubber. Then, a numerical simulation on the coupling interaction between SFT and water current was conducted by finite element method （FEM）. The comparison .between the results obtained from experiment and those derived from the numerical simulation shows that the experimental results approximately tally with the simulational ones. As a result, the relationships between water current velocities and the mechanical behaviors of tube, such as the annular and axial strains, internal forces （ axial force and bending moment）, and deformations of the tube structure and the forces borne by the tension cables, were concluded.