Experimental primates and non-human primate(NHP) models of human diseases in China: current status and progress

Non-human primates （NHPs） are phylogenetically close to humans, with many similarities in terms of physiology, anatomy, immunology, as well as neurology, all of which make them excellent experimental models for biomedical research. Compared with developed countries in America and Europe, China has relatively rich primate resources and has continually aimed to develop NHPs resources. Currently, China is a leading producer and a major supplier of NHPs on the international market. However, there are some deficiencies in feeding and management that have hampered China＇s growth in NHP research and materials. Nonetheless, China has recently established a number of primate animal models for human diseases and achieved marked scientific progress on infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, endocrine diseases, reproductive diseases, neurological diseases, and ophthalmic diseases, etc. Advances in these fields via NHP models will undoubtedly further promote the development of China＇s life sciences and pharmaceutical industry, and enhance China＇s position as a leader in NHP research. This review covers the current status of NHPs in China and other areas, highlighting the latest developments in disease models using NHPs, as well as outlining basic problems and proposing effective to better utilize NHP resources and further foster NHP research in China.

History, current status, and prospects of soybean production and research in sub-Saharan Africa

Soybean(Glycine max(L.) Merr.) is a non-native and non-staple crop in sub-Saharan Africa(SSA) with potential to be a commercial crop owing to its wide range of uses as food, feed,and industrial raw material. Soybean was first introduced to SSA by Chinese traders in the19 th century and was cultivated as an economic crop as early as 1903 in South Africa. In the past four decades, soybean cultivation area and production in SSA has increased exponentially, from about 20,000 ha and 13,000 t in the early 1970 s to 1,500,000 ha and2,300,000 t in 2016. Soybean yield has been stagnant in SSA for decades at about 1.1 t ha^(-1),much lower than the world average, representing one of the most challenging issues in the soybean industry in SSA. The low soybean yield in SSA can be attributed to the use of poorperforming varieties and to the limited application of fertilizers and rhizobial inoculants in soils with no history of soybean production. South Africa, Nigeria, Zambia, and Uganda are the leading soybean producers in SSA. Soybean research in SSA is conducted by international and national research institutions, including IITA, national soybean improvement programs, universities, and the private sector. Between 1970 and 2011, 195 soybean varieties were released by IITA, private breeders, and national soybean improvement programs in SSA. This paper reviews the history and current state of soybean production and of the utilization and adoption of tropical varieties in SSA, addresses the major soybean yield-limiting factors across the region, and discusses the potential of the soybean industry in SSA. It also highlights soybean improvement efforts and lessons learned from previous soybean improvement efforts and the current progress of some national soybean improvement programs in SSA. Opportunities for scaling up tropical soybean as a major crop across SSA countries are promising.

Current Status, Influence and Countermeasure of Biological Invasion on Ecological Security in China

The concept, pathways and the present status of biological invasion in China are reviewed in the paper, and the effect of biological invasion on ecological security is also introduced. On this basis, the measures such as establishing early-warning mechanism, strengthening the management of invasive species and quarantine of alien species, establishing scientific system of introduction and improving people awareness are proposed to control the invasion of alien species, so as to ensure the ecological security in china.

The Current Status of Trilingual Education in Tibetan Areas of China

In China trilingual education, as an important part of Chinese national education, is likely to be not only required, but essential. However, among the tremendous achievements, there still exist some problems, such as different standard in educational management and requirements, insufficiency of trilingual teachers and unreasonableness in teacher structure, shortage both in the number and characteristics of trilingual teaching materials, lateness in the study on TETAC and insufficiency of study result, and backwardness in teaching approaches and methods, etc.

Hospice and Palliative Care in China's Mainland:History,Current Status and Challenges

The concept of End-of-Life Care(EOLC)came into China in the late1980s.However,hospice and palliative care in medical practice develope slowly.In recent years,profesionals,patients and their families,as well as government begin to attach importance to it.There is a hospice and palliative care movement now in China.This article gives an overview of the progress and the current status in multiple aspects of hospice and palliative care in China's Mainland,and points out the barriers and challenges for its further development in the future.

Current Status of Intelligent Space

在网络传感器技术和活动机器人学和人工智能研究的现状的最近的进展能被使用开发自治、分布式的监视 systems.intelligent 空间( iSpace )是一个环境系统，它能在与分布式的传感器观察空间的增进知识、物理的 ways.iSpace 支持 hnunan ，提取有用信息公司获得的数据并且提供各种各样的服务给 iSpace 的必要函数是的 users.Tlus 工具“

Current status of agricultural ecological environment (AEE) in Hunan

s: The current status of AEE in Hunan Province is introduced in brief. The reasons why the AEE was polluted and destroyed are analyzed; the countermeasures for improving AEE are brought forward.

Current status and technology development tendency of research reactors in China

The current status and development history of domestic and abroad research reactors (RRs) are mentioned.The representative RRs and their respective technology characteristics are introduced.The utilizations of China's RRs,mainly included as nuclear engineering technology,basic research applications of nuclear technology,teaching and personnel training,are explained.

Applications of DCS in Fossil Power Plants in China──Current Status and Development

This paper outlines the achievements andexisting problems of the applications ofdistributed control systems (DCS) indomestic fossil power plants and sets forth itsviews on the future trend in the DCSapplications in fossil power plants and somecritical tasks the application fields of DCSare faced with.

Traditional Tibetan Medicine in China:An Overview of Current Status and Prospects

Objective： To introduce and explore the current status and prospects of traditional Tibetan medicine （＇I-IM） in China. Methods： Government websites, national statistics, and authoritative papers from journal and government daily were fully searched. Further data were gathered by related experts. Results： With the implementation of policies on growing TTM, there have been improvements in TTM＇s health care, scientific research, education, and pharmacy industry. TTM hospitals contribute to the health service system in Tibet Autonomous Region and other four Tibetan regions; l-rM education has been incorporated into national education system in China; the number of scientific researches on TTM funded by the govemment is increasing year by year; Tibetan medicines become available to more people with the development of TTM pharmacy industry. Conclusion： TTM is well preserved and developed in China, and more efforts should be taken to promote its spread and development.

Current Status and Future Strategies for Development of Transgenic Plants in China

In this review, the author summarized the current status, challenges, and strategies in China in the development of transgenic plants and its commercialization. Based on sets of successful examples and data achieved from execution of the National Special Project for Transgenic Plant Research and Commercialization in the last five years, the priorities and key directions were put forward for the future development of transgenic plants in China.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Clinical Medicine： Current Status and Potential Future Developments in China

Magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） has been utilized as a promising approach both in clinical application and in experimental research.MRI demonstrates superior ability to investigate the anatomical,metabolic,perfusion,functional,and molecular characteristic of various tissues and organs without radiation injury or invasiveness;therefore,it has been performed in the detection,diagnosis,staging,grading,and treatment of various diseases.

Efficient Estimation for Semiparametric Varying-Coefficient Partially Linear Regression Models with Current Status Data

This article considers a semiparametric varying-coefficient partially linear regression model with current status data. The semiparametric varying-coefficient partially linear regression model which is a generalization of the partially linear regression model and varying-coefficient regression model that allows one to explore the possibly nonlinear effect of a certain covariate on the response variable. A Sieve maximum likelihood estimation method is proposed and the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators are discussed. Under some mild conditions, the estimators are shown to be strongly consistent. The convergence rate of the estimator for the unknown smooth function is obtained and the estimator for the unknown parameter is shown to be asymptotically efficient and normally distributed. Simulation studies are conducted to examine the small-sample properties of the proposed estimates and a real dataset is used to illustrate our approach.

Current status and future of acid rain in China

As a part of the national key project of acid rain research, chemical element analysis of rainwater has been carried out based on observation of acid rain network in Chinese MeteorologicalAdministration over the years of 1992 and 1993. Samples of precipitation collected from eachacid rain station were taken according to the standard established by Chinese MeteorologicalAdministration. pH value was measured with pH meter (accuracy of 0. 01) made in

Efficient estimation for additive hazards regression with bivariate current status data

This paper discusses efficient estimation for the additive hazards regression model when only bi- variate current status data are available.Current status data occur in many fields including demographical studies and tumorigenicity experiments (Keiding,1991;Sun,2006) and several approaches have been proposed for the additive hazards model with univariate current status data (Lin et al.,1998;Martinussen and Scheike,2002).For bivariate data,in addition to facing the same problems as those with univariate data,one needs to deal with the association or correlation between two related failure time variables of interest.For this,we employ the copula model and an efficient estimation procedure is developed for inference.Simulation studies are performed to evaluate the proposed estimates and suggest that the approach works well in practical situations.An illustrative example is provided.

A TWO-STAGE ESTIMATION ALGORITHM FOR A TYPE OF CURRENT STATUS DATA

成功失败生活测试广泛地在在观察数据是当前的地位数据的地方，设计研究评估产品的存储生活的可靠性被使用，通常作为二项式的生活数据的形式总结了。为这类数据，这篇论文建议一个二阶段的算法估计一些通常使用了一生分布。这个算法是自动的，直觉地呼吁并且简单实现。模拟研究证明与一些存在方法相比，建议算法更稳定、有效，并且处理一些复杂一生分布能也被扩大，特别处于小样品状况。

SIEVE LEAST SQUARES ESTIMATOR FOR PARTIAL LINEAR MODELS WITH CURRENT STATUS DATA

当前的地位数据经常在幸存分析和可靠性研究产生，当连续回答被归结为反应是否更大的指示物时或不到观察随机的阀值价值。这篇文章与当前的地位数据考虑一个部分线性模型。筛最不摆平评估者被建议估计回归参数和 nonparametric 函数。这份报纸出现，在一些温和状况下面，评估者是强壮的一致。而且，参数评估者通常被散布，当 nonparametric 部件完成最佳的集中时，评价。模拟研究被执行调查建议估计的表演。为说明目的，方法从 hydrogel intraocular 透镜的石灰化的研究被用于真实数据集，奔流处理的复杂并发症。

Current Status and Countermeasures of Forestry Cooperative Organization in China

From three different historical phases, the article summarizes the development process on forestry cooperative organizations in China since 1949, and analyses the types, functions and existing problems of current forestry cooperative organizations. Drawing on the experience of other countries for reference, the authors bring forward policy suggestions on facilitating the development of forestry cooperative organizations and strengthening standardized management.

肾结石防治的现状与前景

目的:总结近几年肾结石防治的最新成果,并基于前人经验和本团队的实践,展望肾结石防治的前景和发展方向,为肾结石防治研究提供全新的理念。方法:检索了PubMed、中国知网、万方数据库中近5年发表的有关肾结石防治相关的文献,共纳入高质量的论文包括40篇临床研究和20篇基础研究。结合这些研究和本团队的经验及思考,对近5年来肾结石防治研究现状和前景进行讨论。结果:近几年肾结石防治研究取得了丰硕成果,其临床研究主要集中在术前肾结石成分分析、肾结石碎石术式及设备、结石药物治疗等方面;基础研究则集中在晶体介导的肾小管上皮细胞损伤、免疫细胞调控、代谢调控机制以及基础研究实验模型等方面;首次提出“极致软镜技术”的概念。结论:近5年来肾结石防治成果卓越且具有广阔的前景。展望未来,手术治疗肾结石有望通过“极致软镜技术”实现对肾结石患者最高的清石率、最小的并发症、最少的康复时间和全程舒适无痛化的诊疗目标;肾结石的病因学研究有望在结石晶体结构、肾小管上皮细胞损伤后的修复机制、新型肾结石实验模型的建立等方面另辟蹊径,以突破现今肾结石基础研究成果转化的瓶颈。

广东省县区级医院感染管理质量控制中心的现状调查

目的调研广东省县区级医院感染管理质量控制中心现实情况,为本省院感质控中心对县区级院感质量控制中心质控管理方案的制定提供参考依据,并探讨相应的管理对策。方法通过问卷星问卷调查平台对广东省2023年12月31日前成立的县区级质控中心进行调研,内容包括医院感染管理专业质控中心的成立时间、人员架构、信息化水平、管理、质控及培训工作情况等。结果广东省有68家县区级院感质控中心,覆盖率达50.37%,近五年成立的占95.59%。专家以临床和护理为主(分别占23.75%、62.97%),学历以本科为主(占71.06%)。仅13%有运行经费。39家已建医院感染信息化监测,23家未配备,6家在建。20家进行质控督导出具质控报告,占29.41%;41家举办培训,占60.29%。结论广东省医院感染管理质量控制组织体系县区级覆盖率正在稳步提升,但是未完全覆盖所有县区,缺乏政策、经费支持,人员配备、人员专业覆盖面不足。卫生健康行政部门及县区级院感质控中心需统一监测标准、质控规范及考核评价方案,提升院感质控能力,完善“四级”管理与培训体系,以有效推动提升基层医疗机构的质量安全管理水平。