Experimental primates and non-human primate(NHP) models of human diseases in China: current status and progress

Non-human primates （NHPs） are phylogenetically close to humans, with many similarities in terms of physiology, anatomy, immunology, as well as neurology, all of which make them excellent experimental models for biomedical research. Compared with developed countries in America and Europe, China has relatively rich primate resources and has continually aimed to develop NHPs resources. Currently, China is a leading producer and a major supplier of NHPs on the international market. However, there are some deficiencies in feeding and management that have hampered China＇s growth in NHP research and materials. Nonetheless, China has recently established a number of primate animal models for human diseases and achieved marked scientific progress on infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, endocrine diseases, reproductive diseases, neurological diseases, and ophthalmic diseases, etc. Advances in these fields via NHP models will undoubtedly further promote the development of China＇s life sciences and pharmaceutical industry, and enhance China＇s position as a leader in NHP research. This review covers the current status of NHPs in China and other areas, highlighting the latest developments in disease models using NHPs, as well as outlining basic problems and proposing effective to better utilize NHP resources and further foster NHP research in China.

History, current status, and prospects of soybean production and research in sub-Saharan Africa

Soybean(Glycine max(L.) Merr.) is a non-native and non-staple crop in sub-Saharan Africa(SSA) with potential to be a commercial crop owing to its wide range of uses as food, feed,and industrial raw material. Soybean was first introduced to SSA by Chinese traders in the19 th century and was cultivated as an economic crop as early as 1903 in South Africa. In the past four decades, soybean cultivation area and production in SSA has increased exponentially, from about 20,000 ha and 13,000 t in the early 1970 s to 1,500,000 ha and2,300,000 t in 2016. Soybean yield has been stagnant in SSA for decades at about 1.1 t ha^(-1),much lower than the world average, representing one of the most challenging issues in the soybean industry in SSA. The low soybean yield in SSA can be attributed to the use of poorperforming varieties and to the limited application of fertilizers and rhizobial inoculants in soils with no history of soybean production. South Africa, Nigeria, Zambia, and Uganda are the leading soybean producers in SSA. Soybean research in SSA is conducted by international and national research institutions, including IITA, national soybean improvement programs, universities, and the private sector. Between 1970 and 2011, 195 soybean varieties were released by IITA, private breeders, and national soybean improvement programs in SSA. This paper reviews the history and current state of soybean production and of the utilization and adoption of tropical varieties in SSA, addresses the major soybean yield-limiting factors across the region, and discusses the potential of the soybean industry in SSA. It also highlights soybean improvement efforts and lessons learned from previous soybean improvement efforts and the current progress of some national soybean improvement programs in SSA. Opportunities for scaling up tropical soybean as a major crop across SSA countries are promising.

Current Status, Influence and Countermeasure of Biological Invasion on Ecological Security in China

The concept, pathways and the present status of biological invasion in China are reviewed in the paper, and the effect of biological invasion on ecological security is also introduced. On this basis, the measures such as establishing early-warning mechanism, strengthening the management of invasive species and quarantine of alien species, establishing scientific system of introduction and improving people awareness are proposed to control the invasion of alien species, so as to ensure the ecological security in china.

The Current Status of Trilingual Education in Tibetan Areas of China

In China trilingual education, as an important part of Chinese national education, is likely to be not only required, but essential. However, among the tremendous achievements, there still exist some problems, such as different standard in educational management and requirements, insufficiency of trilingual teachers and unreasonableness in teacher structure, shortage both in the number and characteristics of trilingual teaching materials, lateness in the study on TETAC and insufficiency of study result, and backwardness in teaching approaches and methods, etc.

Hospice and Palliative Care in China's Mainland:History,Current Status and Challenges

The concept of End-of-Life Care(EOLC)came into China in the late1980s.However,hospice and palliative care in medical practice develope slowly.In recent years,profesionals,patients and their families,as well as government begin to attach importance to it.There is a hospice and palliative care movement now in China.This article gives an overview of the progress and the current status in multiple aspects of hospice and palliative care in China's Mainland,and points out the barriers and challenges for its further development in the future.

Study on Current Status of Urban Green Land in Jinghong City of Xishuangbanna

Urban green land was the important component of urban ecological system and occupied a decisive position in ameliorating urban ecological environment. By using GIS, the author analyzed the image data of Quick Bird satellite, interpreted remote sensing images, and extracted patch space attribute information of urban green land. The author also obtained highly-precise attribute information and map of urban green space of Jinghong City, through establishing and compiling of geographic data, drawing of maps and measuring of area. And the survey on garden plants' species, quantity, distribution, growth and establishment of artificial plants community had been carried out, so as to analyze the basic characteristics of urban green land in Jinghong City. It could be known from the survey result that each green land index had reached state standard for garden city. It could be concluded that the characteristics of urban green land in Jinghong City were:diversified urban green land types, unique character of park green land, remarkable maintenance effect of green land, rich garden plants species, garden plants with distinguish national culture and widespread application of native plants.

Applications of DCS in Fossil Power Plants in China──Current Status and Development

This paper outlines the achievements andexisting problems of the applications ofdistributed control systems (DCS) indomestic fossil power plants and sets forth itsviews on the future trend in the DCSapplications in fossil power plants and somecritical tasks the application fields of DCSare faced with.

Traditional Tibetan Medicine in China:An Overview of Current Status and Prospects

Objective： To introduce and explore the current status and prospects of traditional Tibetan medicine （＇I-IM） in China. Methods： Government websites, national statistics, and authoritative papers from journal and government daily were fully searched. Further data were gathered by related experts. Results： With the implementation of policies on growing TTM, there have been improvements in TTM＇s health care, scientific research, education, and pharmacy industry. TTM hospitals contribute to the health service system in Tibet Autonomous Region and other four Tibetan regions; l-rM education has been incorporated into national education system in China; the number of scientific researches on TTM funded by the govemment is increasing year by year; Tibetan medicines become available to more people with the development of TTM pharmacy industry. Conclusion： TTM is well preserved and developed in China, and more efforts should be taken to promote its spread and development.

Current Status and Future Strategies for Development of Transgenic Plants in China

In this review, the author summarized the current status, challenges, and strategies in China in the development of transgenic plants and its commercialization. Based on sets of successful examples and data achieved from execution of the National Special Project for Transgenic Plant Research and Commercialization in the last five years, the priorities and key directions were put forward for the future development of transgenic plants in China.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Clinical Medicine： Current Status and Potential Future Developments in China

Magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） has been utilized as a promising approach both in clinical application and in experimental research.MRI demonstrates superior ability to investigate the anatomical,metabolic,perfusion,functional,and molecular characteristic of various tissues and organs without radiation injury or invasiveness;therefore,it has been performed in the detection,diagnosis,staging,grading,and treatment of various diseases.

Efficient Estimation for Semiparametric Varying-Coefficient Partially Linear Regression Models with Current Status Data

This article considers a semiparametric varying-coefficient partially linear regression model with current status data. The semiparametric varying-coefficient partially linear regression model which is a generalization of the partially linear regression model and varying-coefficient regression model that allows one to explore the possibly nonlinear effect of a certain covariate on the response variable. A Sieve maximum likelihood estimation method is proposed and the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators are discussed. Under some mild conditions, the estimators are shown to be strongly consistent. The convergence rate of the estimator for the unknown smooth function is obtained and the estimator for the unknown parameter is shown to be asymptotically efficient and normally distributed. Simulation studies are conducted to examine the small-sample properties of the proposed estimates and a real dataset is used to illustrate our approach.

Current status and future of acid rain in China

As a part of the national key project of acid rain research, chemical element analysis of rainwater has been carried out based on observation of acid rain network in Chinese MeteorologicalAdministration over the years of 1992 and 1993. Samples of precipitation collected from eachacid rain station were taken according to the standard established by Chinese MeteorologicalAdministration. pH value was measured with pH meter (accuracy of 0. 01) made in

中国石油陆上中-高成熟度页岩油勘探现状、进展与未来思考

中国石油天然气集团公司(简称中国石油)矿权区陆相页岩油地质资源丰富,“十三五”资源评价,中国石油陆上中-高熟页岩油(简称页岩油)地质资源量201×108t,占中国页岩油地质资源总量的71%。鄂尔多斯盆地延长组7段、松辽盆地青山口组和准噶尔盆地芦草沟组等重点层系的产量显著增长,中国石油页岩油年产量从2010年的2.5×10^(4)t增至2023年的391.6×10^(4)t,勘探潜力巨大。研究表明:近年来由于陆相不同类型页岩油具有地质特征非均质性强、富集高产因素明显差异的特点,其效益勘探存在地质认识与勘探技术的双重挑战。特别是:(1)夹层型页岩油虽在鄂尔多斯盆地长71+2亚段(延长组7段1+2亚段)实现规模勘探,但勘探靶体钻遇率变化大,深湖区细粒沉积体系研究薄弱,靶体空间展布刻画技术的准确性仍需提升;(2)混积型页岩油地层垂向厚度大、岩性频繁变化、发育多套地质甜点,在柴达木盆地、渤海湾盆地虽然实现了勘探突破,但垂向地质甜点产量差异明显,页岩油高产主控因素不清,主力靶体评价优选技术、方法仍需完善;(3)页岩型页岩油在松辽盆地青山口组实现了古龙页岩油勘探突破,但陆相湖盆不同类型页岩生、排烃差异明显,页岩原位滞留烃特征变化大,地质-工程一体化靶体评价技术、方法仍需深化研究。总体上中国石油页岩油勘探开发仍处于快速推进阶段,未来应:(1)加强淡水湖盆深湖区多类型砂体成因机制研究,实现薄层浊积砂体等夹层型页岩油效益勘探;(2)加强咸化湖盆富碳酸盐混积型页岩油源-储组合评价,优选主体靶体实现混积型页岩油高效勘探;(3)加强淡水、咸化湖盆优质源岩生、排烃差异性评价,优选最佳靶体,实现不同湖盆页岩型页岩油地质-工程一体化精细勘探。

河北省医疗机构麻醉专业发展现状调查

目的了解河北省各医疗机构麻醉科发展现状,为促进麻醉专业发展提供基础数据依据。方法由河北省临床麻醉质量管理与控制中心通过“问卷星”网络平台发放电子问卷,对2020年河北省内所有二级以上医疗机构的麻醉科现状进行横断面普查,包括麻醉科人力资源结构、科室建设、麻醉医生工作负荷、分娩镇痛面临问题等项目,收集并分析相关数据。结果593家医疗机构完成问卷调查。河北省共有麻醉医生4839人(每万人口0.65人),三级医院较二级医院麻醉医生学历和职称明显更高,省内各市之间麻醉人力资源差距较大。河北省只有10%的医院实现了手麻系统信息化,麻醉门诊、麻醉恢复室(PACU)的设置率分别为20%和35%。73%的医院麻醉医生平均每日工作时长>8 h。将分娩镇痛纳入医保收费项目是河北省分娩镇痛面临的首要问题。结论河北省麻醉专业人力资源整体严重短缺,麻醉医生工作负荷较重,麻醉科室建设不足,且各地区之间、不同类别医院之间发展不均衡。

我国茶树新品种保护申请和授权现状

为明确我国茶树新品种保护申请和授权现状,通过收集整理我国茶树新品种保护申请、授权信息,从不同申报渠道、不同地区、不同申报主体对茶树新品种保护现状进行分析。结果表明,截止2023年12月31日,共76批次501件茶树新品种保护申请公告、28批次172件品种权授权公告,授权率34.26%,172件茶树新品种权从申请至授权公告日历时0.53~7.36年,平均授权年限4.11年。从国家林业和草原局申报茶树新品种保护33件,授权30件,授权率90.90%,平均授权年限1.19年;从农业农村部申报茶树新品种保护469件,授权142件,授权率30.28%,平均授权年限4.73年。共有132家单位或个人提交茶树新品种保护申请,44家作为品种权人被授予茶树新品种权,科研院所是最大的申请和授权主体,申请和授权数量分别为374件、124件,分别占比74.50%、72.09%。中国农业科学院茶叶研究所茶树新品种保护申请和授权数量最多,分别为95件、55件,分别占比18.92%、31.98%,宁波黄金韵茶业科技有限公司申请28件,授权25件,授权率最高(89.29%)。

北京地区血液净化专科护士护理实践现状调查

目的调查北京地区血液净化专科护士护理实践现状。方法2022年8月10日—9月10日,采用便利抽样法,选取北京地区362名血液净化专科护士作为调查对象,采用一般资料调查表、血液净化专科护士护理实践调查问卷对其进行调查。结果共收回有效问卷359份,有效问卷回收率为99.2%。临床护理实践方面,359名血液净化专科护士参与度最高的是对血液净化患者进行饮食和营养指导[328名(91.4%)]、对患者进行饮食与营养状态评估[279名(77.7%)],血液净化专科门诊出诊和参加院外血液净化相关会诊者较少,分别占3.3%(12/359)和2.8%(10/359);39.8%~46.2%的血液净化专科护士承担学生/在职人员的理论教学/临床带教任务;在护理科研实践方面,近3年以第一作者或通信作者身份发表论文[99名(27.6%)]、参与护理科研课题[68名(18.9%)]、获得发明专利或实用新型专利[49名(13.6%)]人数位居前3位。结论北京地区血液净化专科护士在多方面发挥了专科护士的作用,但在门诊出诊、参与会诊等体现专科护士角色价值的临床实践及护理科研实践等方面还有较大提升空间。

肾结石防治的现状与前景

目的:总结近几年肾结石防治的最新成果,并基于前人经验和本团队的实践,展望肾结石防治的前景和发展方向,为肾结石防治研究提供全新的理念。方法:检索了PubMed、中国知网、万方数据库中近5年发表的有关肾结石防治相关的文献,共纳入高质量的论文包括40篇临床研究和20篇基础研究。结合这些研究和本团队的经验及思考,对近5年来肾结石防治研究现状和前景进行讨论。结果:近几年肾结石防治研究取得了丰硕成果,其临床研究主要集中在术前肾结石成分分析、肾结石碎石术式及设备、结石药物治疗等方面;基础研究则集中在晶体介导的肾小管上皮细胞损伤、免疫细胞调控、代谢调控机制以及基础研究实验模型等方面;首次提出“极致软镜技术”的概念。结论:近5年来肾结石防治成果卓越且具有广阔的前景。展望未来,手术治疗肾结石有望通过“极致软镜技术”实现对肾结石患者最高的清石率、最小的并发症、最少的康复时间和全程舒适无痛化的诊疗目标;肾结石的病因学研究有望在结石晶体结构、肾小管上皮细胞损伤后的修复机制、新型肾结石实验模型的建立等方面另辟蹊径,以突破现今肾结石基础研究成果转化的瓶颈。

广东省县区级医院感染管理质量控制中心的现状调查

目的调研广东省县区级医院感染管理质量控制中心现实情况,为本省院感质控中心对县区级院感质量控制中心质控管理方案的制定提供参考依据,并探讨相应的管理对策。方法通过问卷星问卷调查平台对广东省2023年12月31日前成立的县区级质控中心进行调研,内容包括医院感染管理专业质控中心的成立时间、人员架构、信息化水平、管理、质控及培训工作情况等。结果广东省有68家县区级院感质控中心,覆盖率达50.37%,近五年成立的占95.59%。专家以临床和护理为主(分别占23.75%、62.97%),学历以本科为主(占71.06%)。仅13%有运行经费。39家已建医院感染信息化监测,23家未配备,6家在建。20家进行质控督导出具质控报告,占29.41%;41家举办培训,占60.29%。结论广东省医院感染管理质量控制组织体系县区级覆盖率正在稳步提升,但是未完全覆盖所有县区,缺乏政策、经费支持,人员配备、人员专业覆盖面不足。卫生健康行政部门及县区级院感质控中心需统一监测标准、质控规范及考核评价方案,提升院感质控能力,完善“四级”管理与培训体系,以有效推动提升基层医疗机构的质量安全管理水平。

我国小麦产业科技创新发展现状与展望

我国小麦产业整体已经处于世界先进行列,但仍存在一定的短板,亟需通过科技创新提升和加强。在介绍我国小麦产业基本面和国家小麦产业技术体系研发新进展的基础上,对我国小麦产业科技研发进行了展望:一是不断完善全产业链创新能力,强化小麦产业科技装备;二是加速实用管用科技措施落地见效,通过推技术提单产带动新千亿斤粮食产能提升;三是加强应急能力建设,强化小麦产业韧性。

呼吸专科护士核心能力现状及对策

目的通过质性和量性研究相结合的方法,全面了解呼吸专科核心能力现状,为制订适宜的培养对策、提高呼吸专科护士核心能力提供科学依据。方法于2023年3—5月采用一般情况问卷、呼吸专科护士核心能力评价量表对2017—2022年在重庆市呼吸专科护士培训基地参加学习的来自重庆、四川、贵州、陕西、河北、湖北、云南、海南8个省和直辖市的320名呼吸专科护士进行问卷调查,并从中选取有代表性的16名专科护士进行质性访谈。共发放问卷320份,回收有效问卷314份,有效回收率为98.1%。结果呼吸专科护士的核心能力总分为(196.99±13.86)分,处于中等偏下水平;多元逐步回归分析显示医院等级、专科工作年限、学历是影响呼吸专科护士核心能力的主要因素。质性访谈提炼出的主题包括呼吸专科护士需求迫切、核心能力亟需提高、胜任应具备一定条件和资质、提高核心能力举措、发展前景好。结论以提高呼吸专科护士核心能力为导向,通过加大呼吸专科护士培养和使用力度,完善呼吸专科护士培养、考核、评价体系,重视薄弱环节,根据核心能力影响因素制订相应的培训计划,能够提高呼吸专科护士核心能力水平。